Journal of family medicine最新文献

{"title":"Pedunculated Natal Tooth","authors":"Ruiz J","doi":"10.26420/jfammed.2023.1331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/jfammed.2023.1331","url":null,"abstract":"A newborn male was found to have a 2mm x 3mm hard yellow mass attached to a fleshy pedunculated stalk connected to the inferior mandibular gingiva (Figure 1). No other abnormalities were noted. The patient was born to a 21-year-old Black female G1P0 at 39 weeks and 2 days via vaginal delivery. Prenatal care was uncomplicated.","PeriodicalId":90896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of family medicine","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139370441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Hookah Smoking and its Associated Factors among Undergraduate Engineering Students of Khwopa College of Engineering, Nepal","authors":"Yuba Raj Baral, Suraj Jyakhwo, Amrit Bist, Sabina Jyakhwo, Nikesh Duwal","doi":"10.26420/jfammed.2023.1330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/jfammed.2023.1330","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hookah smoking, also known as water pipe smoking, is an emerging trend that is gaining popularity globally, especially among youth and college students. It has been referred to as a global tobacco epidemic by public health officials and identified as an emerging threat to public health. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study with systematic sampling was conducted. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Collected data were entered, and analysis was done using SPSS IBM version 26. Results: The overall prevalence of hookah smoking was found to be 38.7%, with a mean age of 17.92 years. The analysis indicated that sex and faculty of respondents were significantly associated with hookah smoking. In this study, male participants were 2.44 times more likely to be involved in hookah smoking compared to female participants (OR=2.449, 95% CI=1.026–0.848). Participants in the electrical engineering faculty were 4.84 times more likely to smoke hookah than participants in the computer engineering faculty (OR=4.844, 95% CI), and participants in the civil engineering faculty were 2.58 times more likely to smoke hookah than participants in the computer engineering (OR=2.583, 95% CI). Conclusion: The cross-sectional study with systematic sampling conducted among undergraduate engineering students at Khowpa College of Engineering revealed that hookah smoking was more prevalent among male participants than female participants. Hence, an awareness program is needed to be planned and implemented among engineering students, with a special focus on male students.","PeriodicalId":90896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of family medicine","volume":"24 7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139370753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Primary Care: Beyond Glycemic Control","authors":"La Salle J, Uusinarkaus K, Marso SP, Pantalone KM","doi":"10.26420/jfammed.2023.1325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/jfammed.2023.1325","url":null,"abstract":"Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is no longer considered solely a glucose-centric condition, but rather a chronic cardiometabolic disease that is linked to premature cardiovascular and renal complications and early death. Whereas previously, the level of glycemic control drove management decisions regarding treatment intensification, healthcare providers now have newer classes of agents that not only effectively lower glucose levels but also reduce the long-term risk of cardiovascular and renal complications. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) address several of the progressive multiorgan dysfunctions associated with T2D and a number of GLP-1RAs have been shown to reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in people with established cardiovascular disease or in those at high cardiovascular risk; GLP-1RAs (or a cardioprotective sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor) should be considered in these high-risk patients regardless of their glycated hemoglobin goal attainment status. GLP-1RAs also facilitate substantial weight loss and there is some evidence that they may help to restore β-cell function and slow the decline of kidney function, although further studies are needed to confirm this.","PeriodicalId":90896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of family medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136335342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Quality Improvement Initiative to Increase Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Screening: Collaboration between a Primary Care Clinic and Research Team.","authors":"Beverly B Green,&nbsp;Sharon Fuller,&nbsp;Melissa L Anderson,&nbsp;Christine Mahoney,&nbsp;Peter Mendy,&nbsp;Susan L Powell","doi":"10.26420/jfammed.2017.1115","DOIUrl":"10.26420/jfammed.2017.1115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multiple randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that mailed fecal testing programs are effective in increasing colorectal cancer screening participation. However, few healthcare organization in the US have Implemented such programs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Stakeholders from one clinic in an integrated healthcare system in Washington State initiated collaboration with researchers with expertise in CRC screening, aiming to increase screening rates at their clinic. Age-eligible individuals who were overdue for CRC screening and had previously completed a fecal test were randomized to receive mailed fecal immunochemical test kits (FIT) at the start of the project (Early) or 6 months later (Late). Outcomes included comparing FIT completion at 6 months by randomization group, and overall CRC screening rates at 12 months. We also assessed implementation facilitators and challenges.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall 2,421 FIT tests were mailed at a cost of $10,739. At 6 months, FIT completion was significantly higher among the Early compared to the Late group (62% vs.47%, p <0.001). By 12 months, after both groups had received mailings, 71% in each group had completed a FIT. The clinic's overall CRC screening rate was 75.1% at baseline and 78.0% 12 months later. Key constructs associated with successful program implementation included strong stakeholder involvement, use of evidence-based strategies, simplicity, and low cost. Challenges included lack of a plan for maintaining the program.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Collaboration between clinic stakeholders and researchers led to a successful project that rapidly increased CRC screening rates. However, institutional normalization of the program would be required to maintain it.</p>","PeriodicalId":90896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of family medicine","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5792079/pdf/nihms880959.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35793387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case of Refractory Pulmonary Coccidioidomycosis Successfully Treated with Posaconazole Therapy.","authors":"R H Patel,&nbsp;S Pandya,&nbsp;S Nanjappa,&nbsp;J N Greene","doi":"10.26420/jfammed.2017.1130","DOIUrl":"10.26420/jfammed.2017.1130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coccidioidomycosis is an endemic fungal infection caused by the inhalation of the spores of <i>Coccidioides</i> species. Patients with underlying immunosuppressive illness can contract chronic or disseminated disease which requires prolonged systemic therapy. Pulmonary coccidioidomycosis remains as an illusory and abstruse disease, with increased prevalence that poses as a challenge for clinicians in developing an effective strategy for treatment. Here, we report successful treatment of a refractory case of chronic relapsing pulmonary coccidioidomycosis in a 50-year old woman with a thin-walled cavitary lung lesion who was ultimately treated with posaconazole.</p>","PeriodicalId":90896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of family medicine","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6010061/pdf/nihms972565.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36254115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Adherence to Nicotine Replacement Therapy (Nicotine Patch) Among Homeless Persons Enrolled in a Randomized Controlled Trial Targeting Smoking Cessation.","authors":"O Ojo-Fati, J L Thomas, R I Vogel, O Ogedegbe, G Jean-Louis, K S Okuyemi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Adherence to smoking cessation treatment is generally low, especially among socio-economically disadvantaged groups including individuals experiencing homelessness and those with mental illnesses. Despite the high smoking rates in homeless populations (~70%) no study to date has systematically examined predictors of adherence to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in this population.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this secondary analysis was to identify predictors of adherence to NRT in a smoking cessation trial conducted among homeless smokers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial enrolling 430 persons who were homeless and current cigarette smokers. Participants were assigned to one of the two study conditions to enhance smoking cessation: Motivational Interviewing (MI; 6 sessions of MI + 8 weeks of NRT) or Standard Care (Brief advice to quit+ 8 weeks of NRT). The primary outcome for the current analysis was adherence to NRT at end of treatment (8 weeks following randomization). Adherence was defined as a total score of zero on a modified Morisky adherence scale). Demographic and baseline psychosocial, tobacco-related, and substance abuse measures were compared between those who did and did not adhere to NRT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjusting for confounders, smokers who were depressed at baseline (OR=0.58, 95% CI, 0.38-0.87, p=0.01), had lower confidence to quit (OR=1.10, 95% CI, 1.01-1.19, p=0.04), were less motivated to adhere (OR=1.04, 95% CI, 1.00-1.07, p=0.04), and were less likely to be adherent to NRT. Further, age of initial smoking was positively associated with adherence status (OR= 0.83, 95% CI, 0.69-0.99, p=0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that smoking cessation programs conducted in this population may target increased adherence to NRT by addressing both depression and motivation to quit.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00786149.</p>","PeriodicalId":90896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of family medicine","volume":"3 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5453676/pdf/nihms815262.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35060342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Evidence for Effectiveness of Resourcefulness Training in Women Dementia Caregivers.","authors":"J A Zauszniewski,&nbsp;N Lekhak,&nbsp;C J Burant,&nbsp;M Variath,&nbsp;D L Morris","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nearly 10 million women in the U.S. are caregivers for an elder with dementia, which often produces overwhelming stress and adversely affects their health. Resourcefulness training (RT) may promote the caregiver's optimal health and continue in their caregiving role. This pilot trial of 138 women dementia caregivers examined the effectiveness of RT on perceived stress, depressive cognitions, and negative emotions over time. Caregivers were first randomized to RT or no RT and then further randomized into random versus choice <i>conditions</i> followed by assignment to the journal or recorder <i>methods</i>, thus creating eight groups. We examined differences on perceived stress, depressive cognitions, and negative emotions between groups: 1) RT versus no-RT, 2) choice versus random condition; and 3) journaling versus recording. Significant time by group interactions were found on stress (<i>F</i>=4.36, <i>p</i><.05), depressive cognitions (<i>F</i>=10.93, <i>p</i><.001), and negative emotions (<i>F</i>=20.48, <i>p</i><.001) in the RT versus no RT group. No differences were found between the random versus choice <i>conditions</i> or the journaling versus recording <i>methods</i> for practicing the RT skills. The results provide evidence for the effectiveness of RT for decreasing stress, depressive cognitions, and negative emotions in women caregivers of elders with dementia. The findings also suggest the need for further examination of the effects of allowing caregivers to choose a method for practicing RT in larger samples if caregivers of elders with dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":90896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of family medicine","volume":"3 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4973861/pdf/nihms806982.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34739225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community Based Participatory Research to Reduce Oral Health Disparities in American Indian Children.","authors":"T Tiwari,&nbsp;T Sharma,&nbsp;M Harper,&nbsp;T Zacher,&nbsp;R Roan,&nbsp;C George,&nbsp;E Swyers,&nbsp;N Toledo,&nbsp;T Batliner,&nbsp;P A Braun,&nbsp;J Albino","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Community based participatory research is an approach aimed to equitably involve community members, representatives, and academic researchers in all aspects of the research process. Using this methodology can help integrate cultural knowledge into interventions, supporting researchers to effectively partner with communities in addressing health disparities. The Center for Native Oral Health Research (CNOHR) collaborates with two American Indian (AI) tribes to advance oral health knowledge and practice, including the conduct of randomized controlled clinical trials of culturally sensitive behavioral interventions for primary prevention of early childhood caries (ECC). This manuscript describes the development of researcher-community partnership, and the development and implementation of the two clinical trial in the community. It also gives a detailed account of the strategies developed through the community input in recruitment and retention of the study participants and finally the lessons learnt during the study implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":90896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of family medicine","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4469184/pdf/nihms691893.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33400605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}