{"title":"Evaluation of Cold Plasma Effect on Shelf Life, Physicochemical and Organoleptic Properties of Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus Var. Negin)","authors":"Y. H., R. S, H. F., S. F, Yazdi Ft","doi":"10.26420/austinjnutrifoodsci.2023.1169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjnutrifoodsci.2023.1169","url":null,"abstract":"Non-thermal plasma is a new technique to reduce the microbial load in fresh fruits and vegetables, which can decontaminate the surfaces of fresh food products. This research used the atmospheric pressure jet discharge plasma of argon gas to treat cucumber samples. The treatments included two power levels (voltage of 17 volts with a current intensity of 2.66 amps and voltage of 10 volts with a current intensity of 0.86 amps) and four-time levels of plasma application (0, 2, 4, and 6 minutes) on the surface of cucumber samples. Cucumbers’ microbial, qualitative, and sensory characteristics were measured after plasma application and during storage at 250C in three periods, the first, fifth, and tenth days after plasma application. The results of the microbial analysis in plasma-treated samples with the machine’s high power showed a decrease of 2.59 logarithmic cycles in the total count and 1.388 logarithmic cycles in mold and yeast. No significant difference was observed between the tissue hardness and color indices of the treated samples immediately after plasma application and the corresponding values of the control sample in both powers. Examining the quality indicators of cucumber samples during storage showed the superiority of the treated samples compared to the control samples. The sensory evaluation of cucumber samples indicated that plasma had no adverse effect on the sensory characteristics of cucumbers. The aroma characteristics and general acceptability of the plasma-treated samples were significantly better than the control samples during the storage period. Based on the results, cold plasma is a new method for food processing. Due to its non-thermal nature, this technique can be a suitable alternative to other techniques used for the decontamination, pasteurization, and sterilization of food products, especially heat-sensitive products.","PeriodicalId":90794,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of nutrition and food sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44433662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Diet on Lipid Levels in Children/Adolescents with Familial Hypercholesterolemia","authors":"Widhalm K, Fallmann K","doi":"10.26420/austinjnutrifoodsci.2022.1168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjnutrifoodsci.2022.1168","url":null,"abstract":"There is enough evidence, that children and adolescents with Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) should be treated in order to reduce elevated Total chol and LDL-c levels and therefore avoid the risk of early cardiovascular diseases. There are many papers published in the last years dealing with drug treatment, several publications describe guidelines for the therapy, however most without any data on the effect of recommended measures. The effect of diet on lipid levels in children with FH is not well documented. The goal of this paper was to search for data describing the effect of various dietary regimes in children and adolescents with FH. Surprisingly, there are only few papers studying the effect of various dietary regimes: in general, low fat-, fat substitutedor soy bean protein substituted diets are able to lower total chol and LDL-chol on average of 10–15 %. These effects should be documented and then used before starting drug treatment. Therefore, an effect of diet could reduce drug treatment or possibly postpone for some years. Anyhow, a carefully planned and performed diet for approx. 3 months should be the basis for the treatment of all children and adolescents with FH.","PeriodicalId":90794,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of nutrition and food sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44986223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pretreatments, Dehydration Methods and Packaging Materials: Effects on the Nutritional Quality of Tomato Powder","authors":"Y. L, Ababele L","doi":"10.26420/austinjnutrifoodsci.2022.1167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjnutrifoodsci.2022.1167","url":null,"abstract":"Pretreatments and drying are commonly used before drying tomatoes to inactivate enzymes, improve the drying process, and improve the quality of dried tomato powders. In this review, the effects of different pretreatments (osmotic solutions), dehydration methods and packaging materials on quality attributes of tomato powder were summarized. They include pretreatments and osmotic agent solution (potassium metabisulphite, calcium chloride, sodium metabisulphite, ascorbic acid, citric acid, sodium chloride and sodium benzoate), thermal blanching (steam blanching and hot water) and non-thermal processes like freezing, sulfuring, etc. and drying methods (oven, sun and indirect solar dryer).Tomato powders have been dried in order to preserve, store, and transport them. Drying implies not only physical changes, which the consumer can easily detect through visual inspection, but also chemical modifications. These are responsible for alterations in color, flavor and nutritional value, which compromise the overall quality of the final tomato powder. Maximum lycopene and vitamins A and C content were found in freeze dried and direct sun dried than samples dried using other methods in low drying temperature, freeze driers showed in keeping the nutritional quality of tomato powder with combination of different pretreatments. Different pretreatments including osmotic agent solutions have their own merits and demerits on the final tomato powder. To overcome nutritional quality drawbacks, non-thermal pretreatment categories may be a better alternative to thermal blanching, and more fundamental research is required for better design and scale up.","PeriodicalId":90794,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of nutrition and food sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47430555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Traditional Complementary Porridges Enriched with Cashew Kernel (Anacardium occidental) and Vegetable Cortea (Corchorus olitorius L.) on the Nutritional Protein Profile and Inflammatory Status of Moderately Acutely Malnourished Children in Côte d’Ivoire","authors":"Fokouo Kg, M’Boh Mg, Boyvin L, N’guessan Ajl, Bahi Ga, Djaman Aj","doi":"10.26420/austinjnutrifoodsci.2022.1166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjnutrifoodsci.2022.1166","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to study the effect of the enrichment of traditional porridge on the nutritional and inflammatory protein profile of Moderately Acutely Malnourished (MAM) aged 6 to 59 months with a view to their nutritional rehabilitation. To achieve this, four groups of 75 Moderately Acutely Malnourished (MAM) children were fed four types of porridge: non-enriched porridge (BC1), porridge enriched with Anacardium occidentalis (BC2), porridge enriched with Corchorus olitorius leaves (BC3) and porridge enriched with both Corchorus olitorius leaves and Anacardium occidental (BC4). Nutritional (Albumin, Transferrin, Prealbumin and Ferritin) and inflammatory (C-reactive protein, Orosomucoid) proteins were assayed in the serum before D0 and after 30 days (D30) of porridge consumption using Cobas C311 Hitachi from Roche diagnosis, France according to the method provided by the manufacturer. In terms of nutritional proteins, serum concentrations of pre-albumin or transthyretin which were below normal values on D0 with values between 0.11±0.01g/L (G1-BC1) and 0.19±0.47g /L (G4-BC4) experienced a significant increase at D30 in the groups of children who had consumed the enriched porridge (G2-BC2: 0.21±0.04g/L; G3-BC3: 0.25±0.38g/L; G4-BC4: 0.24±0.38g/L) compared to children in the control group (G1-BC1: 0.13±0.03g/L). Similarly, serum ferritin levels below normal values on D0 (G1-BC1: 49.45±7.25g/L; G2- BC2: 46.80±26.89g/L; G3-BC3: 35, 37±23.12g/L; G4-BC4: 38.18±12.81 g/L) underwent a significant increase at D30 but within the range of normal values (G1-BC1: 82.58±15.41g /l; G2-BC2: 93.90±47.20g/L; G3-BC3: 92.53±28.30g/L; G4-BC4: 100.79±28.57g/L). Albumin and transferrin concentrations remained within the normal range. As for the proteins of the inflammatory reaction, the orosomucoid concentrations on D0, which were higher than the normal value in the children of the control group (2.87±0.45g/L), of the G2-BC2 group (2. 19±0.30g/L) and in the G3-BC3 group (2.99±0.21g/L) experienced a significant drop at D30 (G1-BC1: 0.80±0.84 g/L; G2- BC2: 0.74±0.09g/L; G3-BC3: 0.71±0.38g/L. Concerning the C-reactive protein, its serum concentration remained within the limits of normal values despite its significant decrease. the values of the inflammatory and nutritional prognosis index (PINI) remained normal with values between 1 and 10 on D0 and below 1 on D30. Cashew almonds have improved the nutritional status of MAMs and reduced their risk of infection. These porridges can therefore be recommended not only for the nutritional rehabilitation of MAMs, but also for the prevention of child malnutrition.","PeriodicalId":90794,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of nutrition and food sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48585941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Utilization of Moringa Oleiferaleaves to Fortifyrice: Effect Onrda of Adult and Pregnant Women","authors":"Yadav Sh, M. S.","doi":"10.26420/austinjnutrifoodsci.2022.1165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjnutrifoodsci.2022.1165","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to utilize the staple food of over half of the world population, that is rice, which is a brilliant source of energy and good for Celiac, and fortifying it with Moringa oleifera caries potential to enhance and improve overall nutrient availability. Products like Ready- to- Cook (RTC) Idli & Dhokla mix were fortified with 5 and 10 % moringa leaves powder respectively were analyzed. The proximate and nutrient composition like moisture, ash, fibre, protein, fat and carbohydrate of rice, moringa leaves and fortified mixes were analyzed. The micronutrients like calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamin C were analyzed and compared with RDA of adult and pregnant women as per % Daily Value (DV). The elevation of % DV by 1.5% & 3% in calcium, 2.5% & 3% in potassium, 5.2% & 10.4% in vitamin C and 4.2% & 9.5% (adult), 2.9% & 6.6% (pregnant women) with respect to standard sample was observed respectively with elevation of 5% and 10% fortification moringa leaves powder. The products were packed in different packaging materials like Glass, LDPE, HDPE, aluminum laminated HDPE and storage life was analyzed for the period of 60 days. For storage life parameters like weight, moisture content, water absorption capacity and overall acceptability were taken into consideration.","PeriodicalId":90794,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of nutrition and food sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48528067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Infant and Young Child Feeding Practice in Ethiopia and the Cost of Not Breastfeeding: Review","authors":"Alehegn Ma, Ayal Dy, Dagnew Ab","doi":"10.26420/austinjnutrifoodsci.2022.1164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjnutrifoodsci.2022.1164","url":null,"abstract":"The cornerstone of baby and young child survival, healthy growth and development, healthy future generations, and national development is infancy and young child feeding (IYCF). Inappropriate feeding practices in infants and early children, as well as their repercussions, are substantial roadblocks to longterm socioeconomic development and poverty reduction, with acute and chronic health effects for individuals. Breastfeeding exclusively for the first six months of a baby’s life is the safest and healthiest method for feeding. Articles were searched and accessed using key terms, like “Infant feeding practice”, “Exclusive feeding”, “Non-exclusive feeding”, “Formula feeding Practice”, “Cost of not breast feeding”, “Economic benefit of breast feeding”. 38 published articles, 7 global standards and guidelines, 4 EDHS result reports and one website were included in this review. From 2000 to 2016, the percentage of mothers who started nursing within one hour climbed from 51% to 73 percent, while the number of mothers who exclusively breastfed increased from 2000 to 2016. Child malnutrition is caused by a lack of effective breast feeding and complementary feeding, and many nations throughout the world are seeing a dramatic increase in the prevalence of malnutrition, resulting in the triple burden of malnutrition. In Ethiopia, inadequate breastfeeding causes 14,000 unnecessary child deaths, 5 million instances of diarrhea and pneumonia, $190 million in household costs, and $2 million in health-care costs. Artificial feeding can cost up to $1,200 per year for powdered formula, which is four times the expense of breastfeeding, which costs about $300 per year for additional food for a lactating mom. Parental literacy, delivery in the health Institutions, spontaneous vaginal delivery, higher number of ANC visits, PNC attendance, maternal counseling during pregnancy and child sex being female are some factors among positively associated with exclusive breast feeding, whereas, full-time employment of mothers, urban residency, high weight of baby, caesarean-delivery, low wealth index, younger maternal age and child sex being male are few to mention among negatively associated factors with exclusive breast feeding.","PeriodicalId":90794,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of nutrition and food sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42061796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tryfonos C, Mantzorou M, Fotiou D, Serdari A, Pavlidou E, Karampinaki M, Vadikolias K, Giaginis C
{"title":"Clinical Evaluation of Vitamin A Supplementation on Disease Development, Progression and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives","authors":"Tryfonos C, Mantzorou M, Fotiou D, Serdari A, Pavlidou E, Karampinaki M, Vadikolias K, Giaginis C","doi":"10.26420/austinjnutrifoodsci.2022.1163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjnutrifoodsci.2022.1163","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin A constitutes an essential nutrient with important actions in immunological responses and the Central Nervous System (CNS). Neuroimmunological functions of vitamin A are mediated through its active metabolite, Retinoic Acid (RA). RA contributes to the regeneration and plasticity of the CNS, exerting also a key role in enhancing tolerance and reducing inflammatory responses by regulating T- and B- cells, as well dendritic cells’ populations. Several important studies have documented low plasma vitamin A levels in patients suffering from Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Vitamin A deficiency also leads to dysregulation of immune tolerance and pathogenic immune cell production in MS. In view of the above, the present review aims to critically summarize and discuss the currently available clinical studies, focusing on the potential beneficial effects of vitamin A on controlling MS pathophysiology. Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), BioMed Central, and MEDLINE databases database was thoroughly searched, using relative keywords, in order to identify clinical trials published in English. According to the existing clinical studies, the role of vitamin A in MS could be dual: it may decrease inflammation, while, at the same time, it may increase autoimmunity tolerance, also contributing to brain protection of MS patients. However, it must be stated that, at the present time, there is no clear clinical indication for using vitamin A as a complimentary treatment for MS. Further clinical trials with vitamin A supplementation as a potential cotreatment agent or as an add-on option are strongly recommended.","PeriodicalId":90794,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of nutrition and food sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42750847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mantzorou M, Tolia M, Pavlidou M, Vasios Gk, Papandreou D, Papadopoulou Sk, Giaginis C
{"title":"The Potential of Phase Angle as a Nutritional Assessment Tool and Prognostic Factor in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancers","authors":"Mantzorou M, Tolia M, Pavlidou M, Vasios Gk, Papandreou D, Papadopoulou Sk, Giaginis C","doi":"10.26420/austinjnutrifoodsci.2022.1162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjnutrifoodsci.2022.1162","url":null,"abstract":"Malnutrition is a common finding in patients with cancer and can significantly affect disease progress and patients’ survival. Gastrointestinal Cancers (GIC) are amongst the most common cancer types. In gastroin-testinal cancer patients, the prevalence of malnutrition has been estimated to be around 39-67%. Body composition reflects the nutritional status. Bio-Impedance Analysis (BIA) is a noninvasive, time- and cost-effective technique to analyse body composition. This review paper aims to critically summarise the currently available clinical data on the efficiency of the easily obtainable BIA measure, Phase Angle (PA), in the evaluation of malnutrition in GIC patients and on disease progression and prognosis. PubMed database was thoroughly searched, in order to identify clinical studies that explore the role of BIA- derived raw data and weight loss on disease prognosis and progress, as well on assessing malnutrition. Phase angle may be used as a nutritional screening tool in patients with gastrointestinal cancers. However, it cannot distinguish between stages of cachexia. Concerning the role of PA as a prognostic factor, current studies show that PA may be used as a prognostic factor of survival, yet further studies are needed for firm conclusions regarding post-operative complications and disease characteristics. Due to the fact that gastrointestinal cancers are a group of various cancers, further studies should be undertaken, in order to evaluate the role of BIA and PA on all gastrointestinal cancer sites and types.","PeriodicalId":90794,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of nutrition and food sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42812151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Value Addition Influenced in Millet Products - A Review","authors":"S. R, Hameed Rs","doi":"10.26420/austinjnutrifoodsci.2022.1161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjnutrifoodsci.2022.1161","url":null,"abstract":"The intervention was aimed at reversing the declining consumption of millet, which was primarily due to inconvenience in its preparation as direct food. Thus diversifications of processing technologies related to millet products were attempted, to remove the inconveniences and to develop, fine-tune and standardize millet product technologies. For this purpose, the new trends of food processing involved the primary processing and secondary processing methods have been developed more products, such as extruded products (vermicelli and pasta), flakes, savouries, nutribar, and biscuits etc. These products were made ready for commercialization with improved shelf life. Processing interventions in millet products were good acceptability with improved nutritional value, convenience and shelf life. They are being continued for invention of innovative products of millet and target both niche markets such as gluten-free products; health mix products for mass-markets at the national level. One of the most relevant millet interventions was promotion; creating awareness of the health and nutritional merits of millet products and reinventing them as popular, convenient and healthy foods.","PeriodicalId":90794,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of nutrition and food sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48455104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture in Ethiopia: Political Economy Analysis","authors":"Alehegn Ma, Shibru A","doi":"10.26420/austinjnutrifoodsci.2021.1160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjnutrifoodsci.2021.1160","url":null,"abstract":"Governments globally are stressing on nutrition interventions combined with nutrition sensitive policies and programs to combat malnutrition. Governance at all levels has been identified as a critical element in ensuring success of national nutrition plan. Ethiopia has an integrated approach to addressing food insecurity and malnutrition; however, there is little clarity about the wider impact of government policy on food and nutrition. Overall, there have been notable successes in nutrition policy in Ethiopia, but significant challenges remain unsolved. Multi-sectoral nutrition governance has been hailed as an effective mechanism to reduce undernutrition. Ethiopia has adopted many approaches and has been implementing nutrition programs with some success, but undernutrition remains high for a range of reasons. This political economy analysis of nutrition sensitive agriculture of Ethiopia will address challenges of nutrition program design, coordination, and implementation, and looks at root causes that remain less understood. If these challenges are to be met successfully, greater consideration of how to address rapidly changing food systems in Ethiopia is needed at national policy level. The focus of government policy needs to shift from food availability to broader issues of food acquisition and particularly food affordability, which is mediated through food prices and waged employment. Ethiopia as country tried to combat food insecurity and malnutrition through different approaches. The country developed National Nutrition program, National food and Nutrition policy, National Nutrition sensitive agriculture strategy and the Seqota Declaration, which all are intended to eradicate poverty and reduce malnutrition. To attain the highest possible food security and nutritional benefits for the people of Ethiopia, it is essential that agriculture, nutrition, and health (ANH) sciences and their related research activities work together in an integrated manner.","PeriodicalId":90794,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of nutrition and food sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42610714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}