Journal of Traumatic Stress Disorders & Treatment最新文献

{"title":"Factitious Trauma in a Patient with a History of Kidnapping and Rape","authors":"Razieh Salehian, A. Samadi, Nooshin Khademoreza, M. Esfahani, A. G. Jolfaei, E. Shirazi","doi":"10.37532/jtsdt.2020.9(2).200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37532/jtsdt.2020.9(2).200","url":null,"abstract":"In clinical practice, physicians deal with patients who complain of severe traumas, such as physical or sexual abuse. Trauma can lead to mortality or physical disability; besides, stressful events can also cause psychological trauma. Psychiatrists and specialists in other disciplines, treat the patients according to this narrative and trust in patient histories. Doctors should consider another diagnosis, especially when the patient's history does not match the results of the examinations and paraclinical findings","PeriodicalId":90246,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traumatic Stress Disorders & Treatment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44123471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Houston Strong: Linguistic Markers of Resilience after Hurricane Harvey","authors":"Kaisa Marshall, Anna Abate, A. Venta","doi":"10.37532/jtsdt.2020.9(2).199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37532/jtsdt.2020.9(2).199","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Hurricane Harvey was one of the most destructive hurricanes in United States’ history and negatively impacted a majority of Houstonians. It is not uncommon for individuals who are exposed to a natural disaster, like a hurricane, to develop debilitating trauma symptoms However, for those individuals who do not manifest clinically significant trauma symptoms, it has been hypothesized that one important variable in post-disaster functioning is resilience. The broad aim of this study was to determine if the language individuals used to write about their experience of Hurricane Harvey would be associated with their resilience later on, with the ultimate goal of understanding if linguistic analysis adds valuable information to our assessment of the projected course of mental health after a natural disaster. \u0000 \u0000Method: Using a sample of Houstonian adults, the computer program Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) was used to analyze narratives about Harvey, collected online in response to a brief prompt shortly after the event. Specific linguistic markers were examined to determine associations with an individual’s resilience six months post-disaster. \u0000 \u0000Results: Results indicate that greater use of ‘discrepancy’ words (e.g., should, would) and fewer ‘see’ (e.g., saw, images), and ‘focus past’ words (e.g., ago, did) significantly predicted resilience six months later. \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: Findings suggest that linguistic analysis has the can contribute to the prediction of resilience after disasters and holds promise for large-scale assessment of psychological functioning after a hurricane.","PeriodicalId":90246,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traumatic Stress Disorders & Treatment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43452498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pilot Evaluation of a 2 Hour Intervention Breathing Method in Multiply Traumatized Individuals","authors":"H. Walach, Patrick Palucki, M. Persinger","doi":"10.37532/jtsdt.2020.9(2).196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37532/jtsdt.2020.9(2).196","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Many trauma sufferers seek out alternative treatments. We report the results of a pilot observational outcome study of a 2-hour intensive breathing and awareness intervention in eleven multiply traumatized individuals, 9 of whom completed the intervention and the 30 day follow-up questionnaire. \u0000 \u0000Methodology: Observational outcome evaluation using a mixedmethods approach: Outcome was documented by applying the Profile of Moods State Questionnaire and a qualitative questionnaire. \u0000 \u0000Results: Effect size for POMS-Total score from pre-measurement to follow-up was high d=1.4, and was even higher for some subscales, such as “tense” (d=2.7) or “negative mood” (d=2.0). Only the subscale “vigour” did not show an effect. Qualitative questionnaire data after about one month supported the quantitative data: all nine participants reported good effects, some even dramatic improvements. \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: This small pilot study documents beneficial effects of this breathing method which should be studied more formally in a randomized study.","PeriodicalId":90246,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traumatic Stress Disorders & Treatment","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42782313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Trauma Looks Like for Incarcerated Men: A Study of Men's Lifetime Trauma Exposure in Two State Prisons.","authors":"M Morrison,&nbsp;C Pettus-Davis,&nbsp;T Renn,&nbsp;C Veeh,&nbsp;C Weatherly","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>While it is understood that high rates of trauma exposure are common among incarcerated male populations, there is limited data on the nature of the trauma exposure. This study sought to develop foundational knowledge about the trauma experiences of incarcerated men in order to provide a basis for further theory building in this area.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study used a quantitative-qualitative approach to examine the trauma histories of a randomly selected sample of 67 men incarcerated in the Missouri Department of Corrections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analyses revealed several patterns among study participants, including near universal trauma exposure in adolescence with the most frequent exposures involving witnessing or being proximate to violent deaths of family and friends. The mean age of exposure for all trauma exposure types measured was 17 years old. We found that for this group of incarcerated men, trauma exposures in childhood tended to result more from community violence than child maltreatment (e.g., abuse and neglect by caregivers).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study results suggested that further research may be needed into the effects of close proximity to violent death during this particular window in adolescent development. Neuroscience research has shown that this is a \"sensitive period\" in brain development with potential negative outcomes in early adulthood, including emotional regulation deficits that can potentially lead to increased risk of arrest. Further research on trauma exposure within this population is needed both to appropriately serve men while in prison or in the process of reentering society and to support efforts to reduce mass incarceration.</p>","PeriodicalId":90246,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traumatic Stress Disorders & Treatment","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7377264/pdf/nihms-1014564.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38188536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Trauma Looks Like for Incarcerated Men: A Study of Men's Lifetime Trauma Exposure in Two State Prisons.","authors":"M. Morrison, C. Pettus-Davis, T. Renn, C. Veeh, C. Weatherly","doi":"10.4172/2324-8947.1000192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8947.1000192","url":null,"abstract":"Objective\u0000While it is understood that high rates of trauma exposure are common among incarcerated male populations, there is limited data on the nature of the trauma exposure. This study sought to develop foundational knowledge about the trauma experiences of incarcerated men in order to provide a basis for further theory building in this area.\u0000\u0000\u0000Method\u0000This study used a quantitative-qualitative approach to examine the trauma histories of a randomly selected sample of 67 men incarcerated in the Missouri Department of Corrections.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000The analyses revealed several patterns among study participants, including near universal trauma exposure in adolescence with the most frequent exposures involving witnessing or being proximate to violent deaths of family and friends. The mean age of exposure for all trauma exposure types measured was 17 years old. We found that for this group of incarcerated men, trauma exposures in childhood tended to result more from community violence than child maltreatment (e.g., abuse and neglect by caregivers).\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000The study results suggested that further research may be needed into the effects of close proximity to violent death during this particular window in adolescent development. Neuroscience research has shown that this is a \"sensitive period\" in brain development with potential negative outcomes in early adulthood, including emotional regulation deficits that can potentially lead to increased risk of arrest. Further research on trauma exposure within this population is needed both to appropriately serve men while in prison or in the process of reentering society and to support efforts to reduce mass incarceration.","PeriodicalId":90246,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traumatic Stress Disorders & Treatment","volume":"8 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46350156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hair Cortisol, Perceived Stress and Dispositional Optimism: A Pilot Study among Adolescents.","authors":"Joel Milam,&nbsp;Rhona Slaughter,&nbsp;Gaurav Verma,&nbsp;Rob McConnell","doi":"10.4172/2324-8947.1000126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8947.1000126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psychological stress is often associated with poor health-related outcomes. One potential biomarker for chronic stress, hair cortisol, is minimally invasive compared to other cortisol collection techniques. This pilot study examined the relationships between hair cortisol and self-reported perceived stress, stressful life events, depressive symptoms, and dispositional optimism among adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study comprised of a convenience sample of 27 adolescents (age: M=14.96, SD=1.63) recruited from a Southern California after-school program. Along with demographic and hair characteristics (e.g., hair color, type, etc.), participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale, Stressful Life Events checklist, CES-D (depressive symptoms), and Life Orientation Test (optimism). Hair cortisol was measured by analyzing hair samples approximately 1 cm from the scalp representing one month of cortisol exposure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hair cortisol had a significant inverse association with dispositional optimism (r=-0.44, p<0.05). Hair cortisol was not significantly associated with self-reported perceived stress, stressful life events, or depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Assessment of hair cortisol may prove beneficial as an objective measure in research examining chronic stress-related outcomes among adolescents. Resiliency or protective dispositions, such as optimism, merit attention in relation to this biomarker.</p>","PeriodicalId":90246,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traumatic Stress Disorders & Treatment","volume":"3 3","pages":"1000126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4241294/pdf/nihms609529.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32838867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric Properties of the Modified Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Scale among Women with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Substance Use Disorders Receiving Outpatient Group Treatments.","authors":"L. Ruglass, Santiago Papini, Leora Trub, D. Hien","doi":"10.4172/2324-8947.1000139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8947.1000139","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE The use of psychometrically sound measures to assess and monitor PTSD treatment response over time is critical for better understanding the relationship between PTSD symptoms and Substance Use Disorder (SUD) symptoms throughout treatment. We examined the psychometric properties of the Modified Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Symptom Scale, Self-Report (MPSS-SR). METHODS Three hundred fifty three women diagnosed with co-occurring PTSD (full or sub-threshold) and SUD who participated in a multisite treatment trial completed the MPSS-SR at pre-treatment, weekly during treatment, and posttreatment. Reliability and validity analyses were applied to the data. RESULTS Internal consistency was excellent throughout the course of the trial demonstrating the MPSS-SR's high reliability. Strong correlations between MPSS-SR scores and the Brief Symptom Inventory and the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) severity scores demonstrated the MPSS-SR's convergent and concurrent validity. We conducted a classification analysis at posttreatment and compared the MPSS-SR at various cutoff scores with the CAPS diagnosis. A cutoff score of 29 on the MPSS-SR yielded a sensitivity rate of 89%, a specificity rate of 77%, and an overall classification rate of 80%, indicating the measure's robust ability to accurately identify individuals with PTSD in our sample at posttreatment. CONCLUSIONS Findings support the use of the MPSS-SR as a reliable and valid tool to assess and monitor changes in PTSD symptoms over the course of treatment and as an alternative to structured clinical interviews to assess PTSD symptoms among populations with SUDs.","PeriodicalId":90246,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traumatic Stress Disorders & Treatment","volume":"4 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70248573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (ICBT) For PTSD and Substance Use in Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans: A Feasibility Study.","authors":"Christy Capone,&nbsp;Erica Eaton,&nbsp;Ashlee C McGrath,&nbsp;Mark P McGovern","doi":"10.4172/2324-8947.1000134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8947.1000134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder (SUD) is prevalent in military Veterans and is associated with poorer outcomes than either disorder alone. The current pilot study examines the feasibility of delivering integrated cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) for co-occurring PTSD-SUD to Veterans who served in Iraq and Afghanistan. Our primary aims were testing the feasibility of engaging and retaining Veterans with a complex clinical presentation in a 12-week structured therapy. We focused on two feasibility outcomes: 1) acceptability; and 2) tolerability. We also examined clinically meaningful change in PTSD and depressive symptoms as a secondary aim. Over the course of the study, we recruited 12 eligible Veterans, 6 of whom completed ICBT. We encountered challenges related to engaging and retaining Veterans in treatment and discuss adaptations and refinements of ICBT or other integrated treatments for returning Veterans with co-occurring PTSD-SUD to increase feasibility with military Veterans.</p>","PeriodicalId":90246,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traumatic Stress Disorders & Treatment","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4288018/pdf/nihms638349.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32968240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Parents of Pediatric Cancer Patients: A Mediational Analysis.","authors":"Felicity W K Harper,&nbsp;Amy M Peterson,&nbsp;Terrance L Albrecht,&nbsp;Jeffrey W Taub,&nbsp;Sean Phipps,&nbsp;Louis A Penner","doi":"10.4172/2324-8947.1000133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8947.1000133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Prior research finds that anxiety and depression among parents of pediatric cancer patients are associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms in response to children's cancer. This study examined whether this relationship is mediated by parents' negative affective reactions in response to their children's cancer-related treatment procedures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were parents of 101 patients within six months of diagnosis who had completed at least two treatment-related procedures. Parents completed measures of trait anxiety and depression at baseline and posttraumatic stress symptoms at 3-month follow-up assessment. On the day of each treatment procedure, parents completed measures of state anxiety immediately before and negative mood and distress immediately after the procedure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Trait anxiety was positively associated with state anxiety immediately before procedures and negative mood after procedures. Depression was positively associated with state anxiety immediately before procedures and negative mood and distress after procedures. Both trait anxiety and depression were positively associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms at 3-months follow-up. Parent state anxiety, negative mood, and distress partially mediated the effects of trait anxiety and/or depression on posttraumatic stress symptoms. Controlling for child age and social desirability did not affect these relationships.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Parents' trait anxiety and depression may influence cancer-related posttraumatic stress partially through their effect on parents' negative affective reactions at the time of their child's treatment procedures. These findings provide a more nuanced understanding of how parents' affect in response to procedures contributes to parent posttraumatic stress and suggest that interventions targeting treatment-related affective reactions of parents with high trait anxiety and/or depression may reduce the risk for longer-term distress and posttraumatic stress symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":90246,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traumatic Stress Disorders & Treatment","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4286796/pdf/nihms-638348.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32968239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extending Findings of a Relation between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation among African American Individuals: A Preliminary Examination of the Moderating Role of Gender.","authors":"Nicole H Weiss, Matthew T Tull, Katherine L Dixon-Gordon, Kim L Gratz","doi":"10.4172/2324-8947.1000116","DOIUrl":"10.4172/2324-8947.1000116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although previous literature highlights the robust relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and emotion dysregulation across diverse racial/ethnic populations, few studies have examined factors that may influence levels of emotion dysregulation among African American individuals with PTSD. The goal of the current study was to extend previous findings by examining the moderating role of gender in the relationship between PTSD and emotion dysregulation in an African American sample. Participants were 107 African American undergraduates enrolled in a historically black college in the southern United States who reported exposure to a Criterion A traumatic event. Participants with probable PTSD (vs. no PTSD) reported significantly greater emotion dysregulation, both overall and across many of the specific dimensions. Although the main effect of gender on emotion dysregulation was not statistically significant, results revealed a significant interaction between gender and probable PTSD status for overall emotion dysregulation and the specific dimensions of difficulties controlling impulsive behaviors when distressed, limited access to emotion regulation strategies perceived as effective, and lack of emotional clarity. Specifically, post-hoc analyses revealed a significant association between probable PTSD and heightened emotion dysregulation among African American women but not African American men, with African American women with probable PTSD reporting significantly higher levels of these dimensions of emotion dysregulation than all other groups. Findings highlight the relevance of emotion dysregulation to PTSD among African American women in particular, suggesting the importance of assessing and treating emotion dysregulation within this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":90246,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traumatic Stress Disorders & Treatment","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4226237/pdf/nihms569687.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32810703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}