Bioscience and microflora最新文献

{"title":"Lactulose-Any Clinical Benefits beyond Constipation Relief? A Pilot Study in Infants with Allergic Symptoms","authors":"M. Rinne, P. Kirjavainen, S. Salminen, E. Isolauri","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1996.22.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1996.22.155","url":null,"abstract":"The gastrointestinal tract of the newborn is sterile at birth. The maturation of the gut immune defence mechanisms is strongly influenced by the establishment of the gut microbiota (7). The compositional development of the normal microbiota in the intestine is influenced by the diet; in breast-fed infants more bifidobacteria and fewer enterobacteria, clostridia, enterococci and bacteroides are present when compared to formula-fed infants (10). It is also influenced by the child's condition, for example allergy and infection (3, 8). The gut microbiota differs between healthy and allergic children. Conversely, early intestinal colonization has recently been shown to affect the development of atopy; infants in whom atopy was developing had fewer bifidobacteria and more clostridia in their stools than those in whom atopy was not developing (9). The early establishment of a bifidobacterial flora, e.g. as supported by breastfeeding, would thus appear to be crucial in host protection. Modification of the gut microbiota may thus be taken as treatment and prophylactic target at an early age. Lactulose has been shown to modify the gut microbiota of adults in increasing bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and reducing the number of clostridia (5). In this pilot study we investigated whether the microbiota could be correspondingly modified in young infants with atopic manifestations with or without gastrointestinal symptoms, and whether such modification may be linked with alleviation of these symptoms. For this purpose, lactulose, 3 g twice a day, was administered and gastrointestinal and skin symptoms followed. The trial involved 12 infants aged 1-36 months (mean 9 months) who had at least one close relative (mother, father, sibling) with atopic eczema, allergic rhinitis or asthma. They had been admitted for evaluation of atopic skin manifestations with or without gastrointestinal symptoms (vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain). The criteria for atopic eczema included at least 3 out of 4 major features: pruritus, typical morphology and distribution of eczema, chronic or recurrent dermatitis, and a family history of atopy. The study protocol was approved by the Committee on Ethical Practice of Turku University Central Hospital and infants were enrolled in the study after written informed consent was obtained from their parents. The subjects were given lactulose (Duphalac, Solvay Pharmaceuticals, GmbH, Hannover) 3 g twice per day for three weeks. The diet of all infants was unchanged during this period and included either breast milk or a hypo-allergenic formula with age-appropriate solids (e.g. potato, rice, corn, fruits and berries, e.g. banana, pear and blueberry). They were clinically examined before and after treatment. The clinical condition of all infants was followed by means of a symptom chart monitoring skin eruptions and specifically gastrointestinal symptoms (vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain) for one week before enrolment and after the intervention. ","PeriodicalId":90114,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience and microflora","volume":"22 1","pages":"155-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.12938/BIFIDUS1996.22.155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66347307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Intestinal Flora on the Metabolism, Absorption, and Biological Activity of Dietary Flavonoids","authors":"M. Tamura, K. Hirayama, K. Itoh","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1996.22.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1996.22.125","url":null,"abstract":"Much attention has been focused on flavonoids because of their beneficial effects on human health. Flavonoids are the most abundant dietary polyphenols. Quercetin is one of the major flavonoids and is contained in many foods. Soybean and soy foods are rich sources of isoflavones. Recent research has shown that they are beneficial to human health. The two major sites of flavonoid metabolism are the liver and the intestinal flora. Intestinal flora play an important role in the absorption and metabolism of flavonoids. Many of the flavonols including quercetin occur in food in the form of Oglycosides, with D-glucose as the most common sugar residue. With respect to the bioavailability of flavonoid glycosides, intestinal flora are known to have an important role in hydrolysis. Colonic flora are known to catalyze the breakdown of flavonoids. It was also found that suppressing the breakdown of quercetin by intestinal flora is important for achieving higher concentrations of quercetin in the plasma. Soy isoflavone aglycone is absorbed faster and in higher amounts than glucosides in humans. Some dietary components are also known to affect the absorption of isoflavones. Human metabolism and excretion of isoflavones following the consumption of soy products show considerable variation. The bioavailability of soybean isoflavones to women is dependant on gut microflora. Equol is a metabolite of daidzein produced by intestinal flora. Equol has many biological activities relates to human health, and its production might be affected by dietary composition and intestinal floral composition. To achieve higher production of equol from daidzein in the gut, control of the metabolic activity of intestinal flora might be of importance.","PeriodicalId":90114,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience and microflora","volume":"22 1","pages":"125-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.12938/BIFIDUS1996.22.125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66346747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes of Intestinal Flora of Young Japanese Females Resulting from Two-Week Common Diet and Livingin the Same Dormitory","authors":"Y. Kikuchi, Xia Zhu, J. Takata, X. Zhuo, K. Omae, Shaw Watanabe","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1996.22.145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1996.22.145","url":null,"abstract":"1 Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health , School of Medicine, Keio University, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan 2Research and Development Department , Daiwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-16-19, Sangenjaya, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 154-0029, Japan 3Department of Nutritional Science , Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan","PeriodicalId":90114,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience and microflora","volume":"22 1","pages":"145-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66346997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibitory Effects of Bifidobacterium longum on Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157: H7","authors":"K. Namba, T. Yaeshima, N. Ishibashi, H. Hayasawa, S. Yamazaki","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1996.22.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1996.22.85","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 (BB536) on Escherichia coli O157:H7 IPH9 (IPH9) were first examined using germ-free mice mono-associated with BB536 (BB536-MA). Thirty-two days after oral challenge with a lethal dose of IPH9, all the non-associated germ-free mice (GF) died, but all the BB536-MA mice survived and the number of IPH9 in the feces was lower than that in GF mice. Second, co-culture experiments with BB536 and IPH9 were performed. The number of IPH9 in the co-culture was less than 1% of that in mono-culture after 24 hr, and the verotoxin concentration also decreased. Culture of IPH9 under various conditions showed that lactate, acetate and the supernatant of BB536 culture had anti-0157 activities even when the pH was neutral, and the supernatant of BB536 culture had stronger inhibitory effects than lactate or acetate against the production of verotoxin. This efficient inhibition of verotoxin may suggest the presence of verotoxin-inhibitory factors in BB536 metabolites in addition to lactate and acetate.","PeriodicalId":90114,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience and microflora","volume":"22 1","pages":"85-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.12938/BIFIDUS1996.22.85","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66347228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cadmium removal by lactic acid bacteria","authors":"T. Halttunen, P. Kankaanpää, R. Tahvonen, S. Salminen, A. Ouwehand","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1996.22.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1996.22.93","url":null,"abstract":"Diet is the major source of cadmium for the non-smoking population. Currently, no method is available to remove cadmium from food products. Because the content of cadmium in the food is likely to continue to rise in the future, a new method for decontaminating foods is urgently needed. We assessed the ability of safe food grade lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to remove cadmium from an aqueous solution. At a concentration of 10 μg/l up to 70% could be removed within 5 min, and up to 90% after 1 hr. At a concentration of 1000 μg/l between 5 and 30% was removed after 5 min and between 20 ad 55% after 1 hr. Heat-treatment of the bacteria significantly enhanced the removal of Cd at 10 and 100 μg/l, but not at 1000 μg/l. Increased temperature (37°C), prolonged incubation (24 hr) and higher bacterial concentrations (5 x 10 9 bacteria/ml) were found to increase the removal of Cd. LAB were shown to remove cadmium in a strain, temperature and concentration dependent manner. The results indicate that food grade LAB may provide a much needed means for decontamination of liquid foods. The practical feasibility of this approach deserves to be further investigated considering the importance of Cd removal from food.","PeriodicalId":90114,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience and microflora","volume":"22 1","pages":"93-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.12938/BIFIDUS1996.22.93","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66347669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut Microflora Changes and Probiotics in Children in Day-Care Centers","authors":"M. Juntunen, P. Kirjavainen, A. Ouwehand, S. Salminen, E. Isolauri","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1996.22.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1996.22.99","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study was designed to assess gut microflora changes in children in Finnish day-care centers (DCCs). Methods: Ninety-four children in four DCCs were randomised to receive a combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus La 5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb 12 or placebo for six months. Faecal samples were collected monthly and during bouts of diarrhoea. The parents kept a daily record. These groups were similar to infections and antibiotic treatments during the last month before the study. Altogether 14/76 (18%) children developed diarrhoea, and 13 healthy children who did not were studied as controls from the same DCCs at the same time. The gut microflora of altogether 26 children was examined by fluorescent in situ hybridisation at the start of the study, and before and after diarrhoea. Results: Twelve of 26 subjects (46%) had initially an aberrant microflora as determined by high levels of clostridia, the remaining 14 (54%) had balanced microflora. In the group with aberrant microflora, 9/12 (75%) manifested diarrhoea during follow-up, whereas in the group with balanced microflora, 4/14 (29%) fell ill with diarrhoea (p = 0.04). Diarrhoea reduced the number of all bacteria for at least a month. Antibiotic therapies increased the numbers of bacteria, mostly the number of clostridia. The initial total number of bacteria in the probiotic group decreased significantly in the late follow-up samples; p = 0.0075, this being due to the stabilising effect of probiotics. During treatment with probiotics aberrant microflora tended to approach the pattern in balanced microflora. Conclusions: A smaller and more stable amount of bacteria in the gut microflora was associated with healthy outcome of children during the study. Not only infections and antibiotics caused disruption of the gut microflora; aberrance of the gut microflora itself seems to predispose a child to diarrhoea episodes and other infections. Probiotics reduced the aberrance.","PeriodicalId":90114,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience and microflora","volume":"22 1","pages":"99-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66347754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of the Lactobacillus acidophilus Complex in Human Fecal Specimens Examined by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism of the 16S rRNA Genes","authors":"Y. Seto, A. Kimura, Akai Yoshihito, S. Fujiwara","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1996.22.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1996.22.75","url":null,"abstract":"Fresh fecal samples from healthy volunteers were examined for their content of the Lactobacillus acidophilus complex (LAC). A two-step isolation method for fecal lactobacilli was developed and employed in this study. Isolates of lactobacilli were identified according to their restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of genes coding for ribosomal RNA. Our results suggested that all samples contain lactobacilli and the most dominant species of human fecal lactobacilli is L. paracasei. In addition, several strains of LAC were recovered from specimens of volunteers. Among six LAC species, namely, A1: L. acidophilus, A2: L. crispatus, A3: L. amylovorus, A4: L. gallinarum, B1: L. gasseri, and B2: L. johnsonii, isolates classified into cluster B were recovered from 6 out of 15 volunteers; however isolates of cluster A were recovered from 3 of 15 volunteers. Four of 15 volunteers had strains of L. gasseri, 3 of them had strains of L. johnsonii, and strains of L. amylovorus were also isolated from specimens of 3 of 15 volunteers. These findings suggest that group B of LAC is the predominant cluster of LAC found in human feces and L. amylovorus was the only species of cluster A found in this study. No volunteer with blood type O had LAC in the fecal Lactobacillus flora.","PeriodicalId":90114,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience and microflora","volume":"22 1","pages":"75-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66347168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of pH in the presence and absence of sodium deoxycholate on the β-glucuronidase and β-glucosidase activities of intestinal bacteria","authors":"T. Fujisawa, K. Aikawa, Takanori Takahashi","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1996.22.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1996.22.51","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of pH on buffers with and without sodium deoxycholate on the activities of the cancer-associated enzymes of intestinal bacteria was investigated. There were differences in the influence of pH between the buffers with and without sodium deoxycholate on the activities of β-glucuronidase and β-glucosidase on intact cells of intestinal bacteria. These findings suggest that detergent activity of sodium deoxycholate is influenced by pH.","PeriodicalId":90114,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience and microflora","volume":"22 1","pages":"51-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66347434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New medium for the production of exopolysaccharide (OSKC) by Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens","authors":"Hiroaki Maeda, Xia Zhu, T. Mitsuoka","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1996.22.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1996.22.45","url":null,"abstract":"Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens is known to produce an exopolysaccharide (kefiran) that is either excreted in the growth medium or attaches to the cell wall. In order to achieve high exopolysaccharide production, we developed a new rice hydrolyzate (RH) medium using rice starch hydrolyzate as the carbon source and rice protein hydrolyzate as the peptone source. In this study, three fermentation experiments using RH medium, PYG10 medium and PYL10 medium were carried out, respectively. The highest amount of exopolysaccharide production was obtained from the culture grown in RH medium. Among the three various media compositions compared, rice protein hydrolyzate in the RH medium demonstrated the ability to significantly enhance exopolysaccharide production by L. kefiranofaciens. In addition, the cultivation of L. kefiranofaciens in a 500 l tank was also experimentally conducted, and the maximum yield of exopolysaccharide from the RH culture was 2.5 g/l after a seven-day culture period at pH 5.0 and 33°C. This result indicates that it is possible to produce exopolysaccharide (OSKC) at the level required for large-scale industrial production through the cultivation of L. kefiranofaciens in RH medium.","PeriodicalId":90114,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience and microflora","volume":"22 1","pages":"45-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.12938/BIFIDUS1996.22.45","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66347148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intestinal Microflora and Clinical Medicine","authors":"K. Kanazawa","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1996.22.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1996.22.39","url":null,"abstract":"Germ-free animals retards in wound healing to their counterparts with normal intestinal flora. Intestinal microflora modify the wound healing process via activating cellular immune reactions of the host. Gnotobiota with either Lactobacilli or Bifidobacteria could restore the healing potential of germ-free animals to the control levels. Supportive effects of probiotics on wound healing may be modified by their nutritional actions as well. Intestinal flora are also implicated in carcinogenesis of various organs. Their effects on colorectal carcinogenesis has attracted deep interests naturally. In spite of some promizing findings, no definite bacterial metabolites surely capable of inducing human colorectal cancer have not been demonstrated yet. Many studies have confirmed promoting effects of intestinal microflora on developing cancer of the large intestine. Normal intestinal microflora modify mammary carcinogenesis via the route of metabolizing phytoestrogens or manipulating the enterohepatic circulation of estrogen. Heated debates on Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer problem have not been settled down yet, although the agreement that this microorganism can induce gastritis has been obtained. Cancer of the urinary bladder, bile ducts, etc., induced by parasitic infection can be explained by the deconjugating action of contaminating bacteria to liberate masked carcinogens. Intestinal microflora are also implicated in miscellaneous metabolic fields which are intimately related with clinical medicine offering endless interests.","PeriodicalId":90114,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience and microflora","volume":"22 1","pages":"39-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66347054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}