Trials in vaccinology最新文献

{"title":"Development of immunization trials against Eimeria spp.","authors":"Tarek A. Ahmad ,&nbsp;Bassant A. El-Sayed ,&nbsp;Laila H. El-Sayed","doi":"10.1016/j.trivac.2016.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trivac.2016.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coccidiosis is a major intestinal disease affecting economically valuable livestock animals such as chickens and turkeys. Economic losses are associated with decreased productivity in afflicted animals. The different <em>Eimeria</em> spp. are the main etiologic agents for that virulent disease. The usefulness of prophylactic and therapeutic anticoccidial compounds has decreased in recent years due to the emergence of drug resistance in <em>Eimeria</em>, together with their possible toxic effect to the human consumers. Despite that, biosecurity and disinfection measures are the cornerstone to control the emergence of the pathogen, the immunization methods proved to be more practical and promising to prevent outbreaks due to coccidia. Since the early 1950s, several attempts were followed to formulate commercial immunotherapies, but up till now none proved to be sufficient. This review summarizes, classifies, and evaluates the trials performed to prevent avian coccidiosis, thereafter introduces an out of frame scientific strategy to find a solution for that emerging parasite.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":90075,"journal":{"name":"Trials in vaccinology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 38-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.trivac.2016.02.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55642717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress effect on humoral and cell mediated immune response: Indispensable part of corticosterone and cytokine in neutrophil function","authors":"Sakthivel Srinivasan,&nbsp;Sundareswaran Loganathan,&nbsp;Wankupar Wankhar,&nbsp;Sheeladevi Rathinasamy,&nbsp;Ravindran Rajan","doi":"10.1016/j.trivac.2016.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trivac.2016.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The objective of this study is to evaluate the immunization and stress dormant role in humoral and cell mediated response after sub-acute exposure of noise stress and immunomodulatory activity of <em>Indigofera tinctoria</em> (<em>I. tinctoria</em>).</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Noise stress was done by broadband white noise generator (0–26<!--> <!-->kHz), 100<!--> <!-->dB, 4<!--> <!-->h daily for 15<!--> <!-->days and <em>I. tinctoria</em> (300<!--> <!-->mg/kg<!--> <!-->b.w.) administered orally. The animals were divided into eight groups with six animals in each group. All the rats were housed under condition of controlled temperature (26<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->2<!--> <!-->°C) with 12<!--> <!-->h light and 12<!--> <!-->h dark exposure.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In the present study, noise stress significantly increased the corticosterone level in both immunized (76.55<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->5.17) and un-immunized (66.25<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->4.87). In sub-acute stress TLC level decreased in un-immunized and increased in immunized. A significant decrease in neutrophil (14.5<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->3.01) and increase in lymphocyte (86.166<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->4.83) level was noticed on un-immunized after noise exposure. NAT level was decreased in the un-immunized (40.745<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->1.95) and increased in immunized (72.625<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->2.88). The noise stress increased the NBT levels in un-immunized (19.5<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->1.87) and decreased in immunized (24<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->2.10). Noise stress shows decreases phagocytic index, avidity index, organ weight and cell count of the spleen, thymus, lymph node in irrespective of whether un-immunized and immunized. Subacute exposure of noise significantly affects humoral (SIC, antibody titter) and cell mediated (LMI, FPT) immunity. Stress further decrease the IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ and increase IL-4 cytokine level in serum.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This result further concludes that prior immunization of SRBC in animal’s act as a vaccination, which helps to prevent noise stress induced impairment in immune system. Orally administered <em>I. tinctoria</em> prevented noise altered immune system. These results also concluded that <em>I. tinctoria</em> supplementation could act as an immunomodulators and suggesting its therapeutic efficacy as an antistressor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":90075,"journal":{"name":"Trials in vaccinology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 61-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.trivac.2016.04.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55642931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunogenic multistage recombinant protein vaccine confers partial protection against experimental toxoplasmosis mimicking natural infection in murine model","authors":"Yaprak Gedik ,&nbsp;Sultan Gülçe İz ,&nbsp;Hüseyin Can ,&nbsp;Aysu Değirmenci Döşkaya ,&nbsp;S. İsmet Deliloğlu Gürhan ,&nbsp;Yüksel Gürüz ,&nbsp;Mert Döşkaya","doi":"10.1016/j.trivac.2015.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trivac.2015.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> is a protozoan parasite that can infect warm-blooded animals including humans. Vaccination studies mostly use tachyzoite specific proteins however in natural route of infection, toxoplasmosis initiates with tissue cysts (bradyzoites) or oocysts (sporozoites) and thereafter stage conversion takes place where the tachyzoites take action and cause acute infection continues with tachyzoites. Despite this knowledge, challenging models used in the vaccination studies prefer administration of tissue cyst forming strains intraperitoneally or subcutaneously instead of oral administration which is the natural route of infection. In the present study, a multivalent adjuvanted recombinant protein vaccine that contains bradyzoite specific BAG1 and tachyzoite specific GRA1 protein and controls were administered to female <em>Swiss Webster outbred</em> mice. Humoral and cellular immune responses were analyzed by Rec-ELISA, Western blot, and flow cytometry. Mice were infected orally with <em>T. gondii</em> PRU strain tissue cysts using feeding needle to mimic the natural route of infection. 40<!--> <!-->days after challenging microscopy and Real Time PCR were performed to determine the protection level.</p><p>Analysis of sera obtained from vaccinated mice showed strong <em>anti</em>-BAG1 and <em>anti</em>-GRA1 IgG responses. The IgG2a response was significantly higher (<em>P<!--> </em>&lt;<!--> <!-->0.0001) and the ratio of CD8<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->T lymphocytes secreting IFN-γ almost doubled compared to PBS control which are indicative of protection against toxoplasmosis. The amount of tissue cysts in vaccinated group was reduced 10.5% compared to control group.</p><p>To generate a protective vaccine against toxoplasmosis, multistage vaccines and usage of challenging models mimicking natural route of infection are critical cornerstones. In this study, we generated a BAG1 and GRA1 multistage vaccine that induced strong immune response in which the protection was not at anticipated level. In addition, the murine model was orally challenged with tissue cysts to mimic natural route of infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":90075,"journal":{"name":"Trials in vaccinology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 15-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.trivac.2015.11.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55642462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the rotavirus vaccine in Valladolid, Spain: An interrupted time series analysis","authors":"Alberto Pérez-Rubio ,&nbsp;Francisco Javier Luquero ,&nbsp;Maria Rosario Bachiller Luque ,&nbsp;Paz de la Torre Pardo ,&nbsp;José María Eiros Bouza","doi":"10.1016/j.trivac.2016.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trivac.2016.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rotavirus vaccines (RV) have decreased the infant morbidity and mortality in countries that included RV in their national schedule. Rotavirus vaccination is recommended by the Spanish Society of Pediatrics; however, Spain, as most countries in Europe, has authorized commercialization but not included RV in its national vaccination program. We assessed the impact of RV on the rotavirus hospitalization rate through an interrupted time series analysis. There was a 46.8% (95% CI: 29.3–60.2) decrease on the rotavirus hospitalizations rate in the study region after RV commercialization in 2006. Currently there is limited evidence about the impact of RV in Europe, especially among countries not offering systematic vaccination in their national schedule. Documentation of RV coverage, effectiveness and impact is urgently needed in these countries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":90075,"journal":{"name":"Trials in vaccinology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 84-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.trivac.2016.04.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55642967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of a new intradermal PCV2 vaccine in pigs","authors":"M. Sno,&nbsp;E. Cox,&nbsp;H. Holtslag,&nbsp;T. Nell,&nbsp;S. Pel,&nbsp;R. Segers,&nbsp;V. Fachinger,&nbsp;M. Witvliet","doi":"10.1016/j.trivac.2016.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trivac.2016.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The safety and efficacy of a new intradermal one dose vaccine containing Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2) antigen – Porcilis® PCV ID – was evaluated in laboratory studies and under field conditions. In addition, the concurrent use with an intradermal <em>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</em> vaccine – Porcilis® M Hyo ID ONCE – was evaluated.</p><p>Vaccination with Porcilis® PCV ID resulted in small transient local reactions in a high percentage of the vaccinated animals with no temperature increase. In both the onset of immunity and duration of immunity challenge studies with PCV2 or <em>M. hyopneumoniae</em>, significant reduction of the PCV2 load in lymphoid tissue, lungs, serum and fecal swabs and <em>M. hyopneumoniae</em>-induced lung lesions were observed. In two field trials on two different farms where both PCV2 and <em>M. hyopneumoniae</em> were present, vaccination with Porcilis® PCV ID and/or Porcilis® M Hyo ID ONCE of 3<!--> <!-->week old piglets resulted in a significant reduction of PCV2 viraemia, mortality and lung lesion scores at slaughter. In addition, a significant positive effect on average daily weight gain (between 44 and 59<!--> <!-->g/day) in the finishing phase was observed. The results support that this new intradermal vaccine is safe and efficacious against PCV2 and may be used concurrently with Porcilis® M Hyo ID ONCE.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":90075,"journal":{"name":"Trials in vaccinology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 24-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.trivac.2016.01.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55642614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent influenza vaccine in children and adolescents in Taiwan: A phase III open-label trial","authors":"Chun-Yi Lu ,&nbsp;Chantal Ferracin ,&nbsp;Cheng-Hsun Chiu ,&nbsp;Nathalie Lavis ,&nbsp;Chiung-Hua Huang ,&nbsp;Li-Min Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.trivac.2016.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trivac.2016.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Until recently, all seasonal influenza vaccines have been trivalent, containing strains A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and one of the two B strain lineages (Yamagata or Victoria), resulting in frequent mismatches between the circulating B strain lineage and that included in the vaccine. A quadrivalent, inactivated, split-virion influenza vaccine (IIV4) containing strains from both B lineages has been developed to address this. We performed an open-label phase III study to assess the immunogenicity and safety of the 2013–2014 Northern Hemisphere formulation of IIV4 in children and adolescents 9–17<!--> <!-->years of age in Taiwan. Participants were vaccinated with one dose of IIV4 by intramuscular or deep subcutaneous injection. Hemagglutinin inhibition (HAI) titers were measured before and 21<!--> <!-->days after vaccination. Solicited injection-site and systemic reactions were assessed for up to 7<!--> <!-->days after vaccination, and adverse events (AEs) were recorded until day 21. One hundred participants were included. Despite relatively high pre-vaccination titers, post-vaccination HAI titers increased for all four strains, with geometric mean ratios (day 21/day 0) of 2.29 for A(H1N1), 2.05 for A(H3N2), 3.33 for B/Massachusetts (Yamagata lineage), and 4.59 for B/Brisbane (Victoria lineage). Post-vaccination seroprotection rates were 99% for A(H3N2) and 100% for A(H1N1), B/Massachusetts, and B/Brisbane. Due to high pre-vaccination titers, rates of seroconversion/significant increase of HAI titer were relatively low at 24% for A(H1N1), 20% for A(H3N2), 39% for B/Massachusetts, and 48% for B/Brisbane. Injection-site pain (56%), myalgia (45%), and malaise (15%) were the most frequently reported solicited reactions, and most solicited reactions were mild or moderate. No treatment-related AEs, immediate unsolicited AEs, unsolicited non-serious injection-site AEs, grade 3 unsolicited AEs, or serious AEs were reported. In conclusion, this study showed that the 2013–2014 Northern Hemisphere formulation of the intramuscular IIV4 was immunogenic and well tolerated by children and adolescents 9–17<!--> <!-->years of age.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":90075,"journal":{"name":"Trials in vaccinology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 48-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.trivac.2016.02.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55642743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunogenicity and protection conferred by a recombinant Mycobacterium marinum vaccine against Buruli ulcer","authors":"Bryan E. Hart ,&nbsp;Laura P. Hale ,&nbsp;Sunhee Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.trivac.2016.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trivac.2016.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Mycobacterium ulcerans</em> (MU) infection causes the disfiguring necrotic skin disease, Buruli ulcer (BU). While vaccination with <em>Mycobacterium bovis</em> BCG provides nominal antigenic cross-reactivity for induction of immunity against experimental MU infection, a mycobacterial species with greater genetic homology to <em>Mycobacterium ulcerans</em> may serve as a richer source of cross-protective immunogens and lack the pathological features of MU-based vaccines. <em>Mycobacterium marinum</em>, a highly homologous genetic relative of MU, could be used to satisfy these criteria and, as such, we have generated a recombinant <em>M. marinum</em> strain expressing the immunodominant, protective MU-Ag85A. The immunogenicity and protection achieved by murine vaccination with this strain are superior to standard BCG vaccination and may serve as a foundation for developing more effective BU vaccines.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":90075,"journal":{"name":"Trials in vaccinology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 88-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.trivac.2016.04.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55642894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunogenicity in dogs and protection against visceral leishmaniasis induced by a 14 kDa Leishmania infantum recombinant polypeptide","authors":"Claudia Abeijon ,&nbsp;Nada Daifalla ,&nbsp;Greice Krautz-Peterson ,&nbsp;Stefano Pizzirani ,&nbsp;Gillian Beamer ,&nbsp;Neuza M. Frazatti-Gallina ,&nbsp;Isaias Raw ,&nbsp;Antonio Campos-Neto","doi":"10.1016/j.trivac.2015.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trivac.2015.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In areas were human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic, the domestic dog is the main parasite reservoir in the infectious cycle of <em>Leishmania infantum</em>. Development of prophylactic strategies to lower the parasite burden in dogs would reduce sand fly transmission thus lowering the incidence of zoonotic VL. Here we demonstrate that vaccination of dogs with a recombinant 14<!--> <!-->kDa polypeptide of <em>L. infantum</em> nuclear transport factor 2 (<em>Li-ntf2</em>) mixed with adjuvant <em>Bp</em>MPLA-SE resulted in the production of specific anti-<em>Li-ntf2</em> IgG antibodies as well as IFN-γ release by the animals’ peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with the antigen. In addition, immunization with this single and small 14<!--> <!-->kDa polypeptide resulted in protracted progression of the infection of the animals after challenging with a high dose of virulent <em>L. infantum</em>. Five months after challenge the parasite load was lower in the bone marrow of immunized dogs compared to non-immunized animals. The antibody response to K39, a marker of active VL, at ten months after challenge was strong and significantly higher in the control dogs than in vaccinated animals. At the study termination vaccinated animals showed significantly more liver granulomas and lymphoid hyperplasia than non-vaccinated animals, which are both histological markers of resistance to infection. Together, these results indicate that the 14<!--> <!-->kDa polypeptide is an attractive protective molecule that can be easily incorporated in a leishmanial polyprotein vaccine candidate to augment/complement the overall protective efficacy of the final product.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":90075,"journal":{"name":"Trials in vaccinology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.trivac.2015.11.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55642422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An assessment, in mice, of the safety of the childhood immunization vaccines sourced from three south-eastern states of Nigeria","authors":"Oli Angus Nnamdi ,&nbsp;Oli Ugochukwu Chinedum ,&nbsp;Ejiofor Obiora Shedrack ,&nbsp;Nwoye Charles Ugochukwu ,&nbsp;Esimone Charles Okechukwu","doi":"10.1016/j.trivac.2015.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trivac.2015.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The current and general safety control tests for vaccines have been the use several animal tests. Vaccine is considered safe if it does not cause weight loss or death in laboratory animals at human dose, does not promote leukocytosis by a factor ⩾10 and showed a Leukopenic toxicity value ⩾80% of the Leukopenic toxicity of the control. The study sets to determine the safety of routine immunization vaccines from Anambra, Ebonyi and Enugu states of Nigeria and indirectly evaluate the efficiency of cold-chain facilities.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>The study was designed to check the safety of the routine immunization vaccines to the hematopoietic system of mice and mice body weight changes after immunization.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Animal body weight changes test showed that the mice immunized with the vaccines increased in weight at days 3 and 7 post-immunization and exceeded 60% weight gain at day 7 post-immunization. None of the mice died during the observation period. Hematopoietic system toxicity tests showed that the vaccines are non- toxic.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The vaccines were generally safe and non-toxic. The cold-chain systems in the States studied were efficient and had not compromised the safety of the vaccines.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":90075,"journal":{"name":"Trials in vaccinology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 8-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.trivac.2015.10.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55642346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commercial bacterins did not induce detectable levels of antibodies in mice against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigens strongly recognized by swine immune system","authors":"Andressa Fisch ,&nbsp;Silvana Beutinger Marchioro ,&nbsp;Charles Klazer Gomes ,&nbsp;Vanessa Galli ,&nbsp;Natasha Rodrigues de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Simone Simionatto ,&nbsp;Odir Antônio Dellagostin ,&nbsp;Marcelo Mendonça ,&nbsp;Ângela Nunes Moreira ,&nbsp;Fabricio Rochedo Conceição","doi":"10.1016/j.trivac.2016.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trivac.2016.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Enzootic Pneumonia (EP) caused by <em>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</em> results in major economic losses to the swine industry. Hence, the identification of factors that provide protection against EP could help to develop effective vaccines. One such factor that provides partial protection are bacterins. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify the induction of antibodies against fifteen <em>M. hyopneumoniae</em> antigens, strongly recognized by the swine immune system during natural infection, in mice vaccinated with six commercial bacterins. Each group of mice was inoculated with one bacterin, and seroconversion was assessed by indirect ELISA using recombinant antigens and <em>M. hyopneumoniae</em> 7448 whole cell extract. Sera from one inoculated group recognized antigen MHP_0067, and sera from four inoculated groups recognized antigens MHP_0513 and MHP_0580. None of the bacterins was able to induce seroconversion against the twelve remaining antigens. This absence of a serological response could be attributed to the lack of antigen expression in <em>M. hyopneumoniae</em> strains used in bacterin production. Additionally the partial protection provided by these vaccines could be due to low expression or misfolding of antigens during vaccine preparation. Therefore, the supplementation of bacterins with these recombinant antigens could be a potential alternative in the development of more effective vaccines.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":90075,"journal":{"name":"Trials in vaccinology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 32-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.trivac.2016.01.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55642561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}