Clinical medicine insights. Urology最新文献_第2页

Clinical Evaluation of Abiraterone in the Treatment of Metastatic Prostate Cancer. 阿比特龙治疗转移性前列腺癌的临床评价。

Clinical medicine insights. Urology Pub Date : 2013-07-10 DOI: 10.4137/CMU.S8337

Jatinder Goyal, Emmanuel S Antonarakis

{"title":"Clinical Evaluation of Abiraterone in the Treatment of Metastatic Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Jatinder Goyal, Emmanuel S Antonarakis","doi":"10.4137/CMU.S8337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/CMU.S8337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer remains an area of unmet medical need. Evidence suggests that this entity continues to be driven by androgens and androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Abiraterone acetate, a pregnenolone derivative, is an oral selective and irreversible inhibitor of the key steroidogenic enzyme CYP17. It possesses dual 17-α hydroxylase and C17,20-lyase blocking activity, the result of which is decreased gonadal and extra-gonadal androgen synthesis. Abiraterone was first approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2011 following the demonstration of superior survival compared with placebo in the post-docetaxel population. Since that time, more evidence has been generated from preclinical studies and clinical trials which have considerably enhanced our understanding of this complex disease. In this paper, we review the development of abiraterone acetate, its pharmacological characteristics, and its effects on the androgen-AR signaling axis, along with the combined experience from clinical trials. We also discuss some of the ongoing trials using this agent, as well as potential mechanisms of abiraterone resistance, novel bio-marker development, and future directions using AR-directed therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":89908,"journal":{"name":"Clinical medicine insights. Urology","volume":"2013 7","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/CMU.S8337","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32078579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Clinical Use of Tolterodine Extended Release in Overactive Bladder 托特罗定缓释治疗膀胱过动症的临床应用

Clinical medicine insights. Urology Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/CMU.S6425

O. E. Y. Adli, J. Corcos

引用次数: 0

OAB Update: Focus on Trospium OAB更新:专注于Trospium

Clinical medicine insights. Urology Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/CMU.S5068

A. Gomelsky, R. Dmochowski

引用次数: 1

Full-Length Metallic Double J Stents: A Review of Resonance® Stents 全长金属双J型支架:共振支架的研究进展

Clinical medicine insights. Urology Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/CMU.S6604

M. Newton, James A. Brown

引用次数: 2

New Pharmacotherapies in the Treatment of Advanced Prostate Cancer 治疗晚期前列腺癌的新药物疗法

Clinical medicine insights. Urology Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/CMU.S5075

Walid El-Ayass, Joelle el-Amm, Maneesh Jain, J. Aragon-Ching

引用次数: 1

Efficacy and Safety of 10 mg Solifenacin Succinate in Patients with Overactive Bladder Syndrome: Results from a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase III Pivotal Trial 10mg琥珀酸索利那新治疗膀胱过度活动综合征的疗效和安全性:一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的III期关键试验的结果

Clinical medicine insights. Urology Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/CMU.S4960

F. Govier, N. Smith, T. Uchida

引用次数: 9

Prostate Cancer: Value of Transrectal Computed Ultrasound Tomography (TRCUT) in Targeted Biopsy Guidance when the Repeat or Random Biopsies Indicated: Early Experience 前列腺癌:当需要重复或随机活检时，经直肠计算机超声断层扫描(TRCUT)在靶向活检指导中的价值:早期经验

Clinical medicine insights. Urology Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/CMU.S3405

S. Elwagdy, R. Ramadan, T. Salem, S. El-Hakim, Ismail El Helali, F. Samir

{"title":"Prostate Cancer: Value of Transrectal Computed Ultrasound Tomography (TRCUT) in Targeted Biopsy Guidance when the Repeat or Random Biopsies Indicated: Early Experience","authors":"S. Elwagdy, R. Ramadan, T. Salem, S. El-Hakim, Ismail El Helali, F. Samir","doi":"10.4137/CMU.S3405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/CMU.S3405","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose To evaluate the feasibility of transrectal computed ultrasound tomography (TRCUT) in localization and targeted biopsy for men who have been shown to be negative in the first biopsy guided by two-dimensional transrectal ultrasound (2D TRUS) but continue to have figures suggestive of prostate cancer, so as to minimize with confidence the number of core needle biopsies, especially when the repeat or random required. Materials and Methods Sixty-three patients aged 53–78 years (mean, 64.9 years) with suspected prostate cancer were enrolled when a repeat or random biopsy was indicated after at least one prostatic biopsy with negative findings. The 2D TRUS random (sextant) and TRCUT guided shot-biopsies were obtained. Imaging-biopsy consequences were finally compared with the post-operative findings and the histopathologic staging. Results TRCUT enabled display of the prostate gland in planes usually not obtainable at conventional 2D TRUS. Transverse and oblique thin cuts of TRCUT were more significant in all patients than other planes. Diagnostic performance of TRCUT imaging on prostate cancer localization for targeted biopsy proved an accuracy of 97.4% (P value = 0.001). TRCUT for bilateral disease detection proved an accuracy of 78.6% compared to the final post-operative pathology. Accuracy for identification of positive tumor margins proved 82.4%. Gleason score on final post-operative pathology was upgraded to 7, compared with a median score of 6 on imaging biopsies. Conclusion TRCUT guided target-biopsy of the prostate gland represents a technique with a higher rate of accuracy and can minimize the number of biopsy shots than using 2D TRUS in men who have high PSA levels and negative in the first biopsy procedure.","PeriodicalId":89908,"journal":{"name":"Clinical medicine insights. Urology","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80522111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In vitro Efficacy of Ureteral Catheters Impregnated with Ciprofloxacin, N-acetylcysteine and their Combinations on Microbial Adherence 环丙沙星、n -乙酰半胱氨酸及其联合输尿管导管对体外微生物粘附的影响

Clinical medicine insights. Urology Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/CMU.S3367

Mostafa S. El-Rehewy, M. A. El-Feky, M. Hassan, H. Abolella, A. Abolyosr, R. M. A. El-Baky, G. F. Gad

{"title":"In vitro Efficacy of Ureteral Catheters Impregnated with Ciprofloxacin, N-acetylcysteine and their Combinations on Microbial Adherence","authors":"Mostafa S. El-Rehewy, M. A. El-Feky, M. Hassan, H. Abolella, A. Abolyosr, R. M. A. El-Baky, G. F. Gad","doi":"10.4137/CMU.S3367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/CMU.S3367","url":null,"abstract":"Background Ureteral catheters are valuable indispensable devices may readily acquire biofilms on the inner or outer surfaces. This study evaluated the efficacies of ureteral catheters impregnated with ciprofloxacin, N-acetylcysteine each alone and in combination on microbial adherence. Methods Antimicrobial durability of ureteral catheters coated, through instant dip method, with ciprofloxacin were determined using modified Kirby-Bauer method. Ciprofloxacin-coated catheters showed zones of inhibition ranged from 15 to 45 mm in diameter (baseline) against nine clinical strains recently isolated from patients undergoing ureteral stent removal. Segments coated with ciprofloxacin, N-acetylcysteine each alone and in combination, through instant dip method, were incubated with the tested microorganisms, washed, sonicated, cultured and the number of viable cells were determined. Results Ciprofloxacin-coated catheters soaked in urine and incubated at 37 °C, maintained antimicrobial activities and produce zones of inhibition that measured 2–10 mm for at least 8 weeks. Effect of ciprofloxacin and N-acetylcysteine coated catheters on microbial adherence were found to be dose dependent. Catheters impregnated with ciprofloxacin/N-acetylcysteine showed the highest inhibitory effect on microbial adherence when compared with controls (85.5%–100%). Conclusion Catheters impregnated with ciprofloxacin, using instant dip method, were shown to have broad spectrum, prolonged antimicrobial durability and high efficacy. On the other hand, Catheters impregnated with ciprofloxacin/NAC showed the highest inhibitory effect on microbial adherence to stent surfaces.","PeriodicalId":89908,"journal":{"name":"Clinical medicine insights. Urology","volume":"77 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87892352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Emerging Risk Factors for Urologic Diseases 泌尿系统疾病新出现的危险因素

Clinical medicine insights. Urology Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/117956110800200001

Xiangyi Lu

{"title":"Emerging Risk Factors for Urologic Diseases","authors":"Xiangyi Lu","doi":"10.1177/117956110800200001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/117956110800200001","url":null,"abstract":"Modern medicine has brought us many miracle cures. In the 21st century, especially, we are blessed with increasingly powerful disease combating tools, such as functional genomics, proteomics and stem cells. Decades of medical and pharmaceutical research have produced thousands of medicines that allow us to treat and prevent diseases better than ever before. Furthermore, risk factors for many major diseases are being identified. To name a few, we now know that high cholesterol and chronic inflammation are two most prominent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. We also know that obesity is one of the major contributing factors for type II diabetes. Cigarette smoking and air pollution are major environmental causes of respiratory diseases and lung cancers. Unfortunately, specific risk factors for many urologic diseases are yet to be identified. In this editorial, I will discuss emerging urologic risk factors based on recent research findings and their implications on what we should be looking ahead. Understanding risk factors is obviously important because it allows us to avoid disease development in the first place. Risk assessment facilitates clinical prognosis and understanding of disease development mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":89908,"journal":{"name":"Clinical medicine insights. Urology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86695217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Estimation of Accurate and New Method for Hemodialysis Dose Calculation 血液透析剂量计算新方法的准确性评价

Clinical medicine insights. Urology Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/CMU.S771

A. Azar

{"title":"Estimation of Accurate and New Method for Hemodialysis Dose Calculation","authors":"A. Azar","doi":"10.4137/CMU.S771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/CMU.S771","url":null,"abstract":"Background The Kt/V value demonstrates the dose of hemodialysis (HD). However, because of several existing methods for calculating delivered dialysis dose, Kt/V values can, in fact, be different for the same set of pre-/post-dialysis blood urea concentrations. Methods In the study presented here, another formula was derived for calculating Kt/V from the pre- and post-dialysis BUN. We prospectively compared the Kt/V values obtained using this new formula and the Kt/V values obtained via the other existing formulae to see whether reliance on the latter approach was likely to lead to errors in over- or underprescribing dialysis regimens. Data were processed on 268 dialysis patients. Results The estimated Kt/V (Kt/Vest) values were statistically different (p < 0.05) from the calculated Kt/V values from other models, except for those Kt/V values calculated according to the lowrie (P = 0.112), Keshaviah (P = 0.069), Daugirdas First Generation (P = 0.059), Basile (P = 0.102), Ijely (P = 0.286) and Daugirdas Second Generation (P = 0.709). The best correlations were seen with the Daugirdas second generation formula (R = 0.958 and R2 = 0.919). Conclusion Since the best correlations were seen between Kt/Vest and the Daugirdas second generation Kt/V we can demonstrate that these two models are more accurate than the other models.","PeriodicalId":89908,"journal":{"name":"Clinical medicine insights. Urology","volume":"05 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85973472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3