ISRN allergyPub Date : 2011-03-02eCollection Date: 2011-01-01DOI: 10.5402/2011/792613
Gerdt C Riise, Kjell Torén, Anna-Carin Olin
{"title":"Subjects in a Population Study with High Levels of FENO Have Associated Eosinophil Airway Inflammation.","authors":"Gerdt C Riise, Kjell Torén, Anna-Carin Olin","doi":"10.5402/2011/792613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2011/792613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background. Measurement of fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is a promising tool to increase validity in epidemiological studies of asthma. The association between airway inflammation and FENO has, however, only been examined in clinical settings and may be biased by selection of patients with asthma. Methods. In a population study with FENO registrations on 370 individuals, we identified nine subjects out of thirty subjects with high levels of FENO (>85th percentile, 30.3 ppb), irrespective of presence of respiratory symptoms, and 21 control subjects with FENO at median levels (11.1-16.4 ppb) willing to undergo bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), all nonsmokers. FENO was measured in accordance with ATS criteria, and the examination also included spirometry, methacholine challenge test, and sampling of exhaled breath condensate (EBC). Results. Subjects with high FENO levels had significantly higher median the percentage of eosinophils in BAL than controls (2.1 versus 0.6, P < .006), and there was a significant association between FENO and the percentage of eosinophils in BAL (ρ=0.6, P < .002) and ECP in BAL (ρ=0.65, P < .05) examining the whole group, but no association with gender, FEV1, or degree of metacholine sensitivity or any of the biomarkers in EBC. All subjects with high FENO had respiratory symptoms, but only three had diagnosed asthma. There were a significant association between hydrogen peroxide in EBC and the percentage of neutrophils in bronchial wash. Conclusion. High FENO levels signal asthmatic or allergic respiratory disease in a population-based study. FENO levels are associated with degree of eosinophil airway inflammation as measured by the percentage of eosinophils and ECP in BAL. </p>","PeriodicalId":89782,"journal":{"name":"ISRN allergy","volume":"2011 ","pages":"792613"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2011/792613","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32465712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISRN allergyPub Date : 2011-02-22Print Date: 2011-01-01DOI: 10.5402/2011/353045
Lukas Kofler, Hanno Ulmer, Heinz Kofler
{"title":"Histamine 50-skin-prick test: a tool to diagnose histamine intolerance.","authors":"Lukas Kofler, Hanno Ulmer, Heinz Kofler","doi":"10.5402/2011/353045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2011/353045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background. Histamine intolerance results from an imbalance between histamine intake and degradation. In healthy persons, dietary histamine can be sufficiently metabolized by amine oxidases, whereas persons with low amine oxidase activity are at risk of histamine toxicity. Diamine oxidase (DAO) is the key enzyme in degradation. Histamine elicits a wide range of effects. Histamine intolerance displays symptoms, such as rhinitis, headache, gastrointestinal symptoms, palpitations, urticaria and pruritus. Objective. Diagnosis of histamine intolerance until now is based on case history; neither a validated questionnaire nor a routine test is available. It was the aim of this trial to evaluate the usefullness of a prick-test for the diagnosis of histamine intolerance. Methods. Prick-testing with 1% histamine solution and wheal size-measurement to assess the relation between the wheal in prick-test, read after 20 to 50 minutes, as sign of slowed histamine degradation as well as history and symptoms of histamine intolerance. Results. Besides a pretest with 17 patients with HIT we investigated 156 persons (81 with HIT, 75 controls): 64 out of 81 with histamine intolerance(HIT), but only 14 out of 75 persons from the control-group presented with a histamine wheal ≥3 mm after 50 minutes (P < .0001). Conclusion and Clinical Relevance. Histamine-50 skin-prickt-test offers a simple tool with relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":89782,"journal":{"name":"ISRN allergy","volume":"2011 ","pages":"353045"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2011/353045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31562711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}