{"title":"Narrative Models of Action and Interaction","authors":"R. Beaugrande, B. Colby","doi":"10.1207/s15516709cog0301_3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0301_3","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores some issues which a humanlike story system ought to encompass, but which are usually not in the main focus of narrative models since Propp. We argue that knowledge about actions and interactions can account not only for how stories are constructed, but also for why some stories are more interesting and enduring than others. We analyze a traditional English folktale in these terms, and show how classes of surface expressions make recoverable the underlying structures and dependencies that schema-based understanders comprise.","PeriodicalId":89752,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"43-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76955100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"KRL: Another Perspective","authors":"D. Bobrow, T. Winograd","doi":"10.1207/s15516709cog0301_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0301_2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89752,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive sciences","volume":"10 112 1","pages":"29-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77837432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coherence and Coreference","authors":"Jerry R. Hobbs","doi":"10.1207/s15516709cog0301_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0301_4","url":null,"abstract":"Coherence in conversations and in texts can be partially characterized by a set of coherence relations, motivated ultimately by the speaker's or writer's need to be understood. In this paper, formal definitions are given for several coherence relations, based on the operations of an inference system; that is, the relations between successive portions of a discourse are characterized in terms of the inferences that can be drawn from each. In analyzing a discourse, it is frequently the case that we would recognize it as coherent, in that it would satisfy the formal definition of some coherence relation, if only we could assume certain noun phrases to be coreferential. In such cases, we will simply assume the identity of the entities referred to, in what might be called a “petty conversational implicature,” thereby solving the coherence and coreference problems simultaneously. Three examples of different kinds of reference problems are presented. In each, it is shown how the coherence of the discourse can be recognized, and how the reference problems are solved, almost as a by-product, by means of these petty conversational implicatures.","PeriodicalId":89752,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"67-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75191383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Critical Perspective on KRL","authors":"W. Lehnert, Y. Wilks","doi":"10.1207/s15516709cog0301_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0301_1","url":null,"abstract":"Bobrow and Winograd have presented to the A1 community two descriptions of KRL (Bobrow & Winograd, 1977, Bobrow, Winograd et al., 1977) which explicate both a high level A1 programming language and a theory of knowledge representation. In actual practice, the line between these roles is necessarily vague. As is the case with all programming languages, commitments made to specific data formats or control structures profoundly affect design decisions made by the user. In KRL, there are additional commitments to knowledge representation in the programming language as well. While these cornrnitments are neutrally presented as convenient features of a high level language, their impact on the user would be far less neutral. To a user who has not previously investigated problems of knowledge representation fust-hand, KRL either suggests a particular approach or imposes that same approach. In either case, the user is liable to be unconscious of the continual trade-off between low level design options and high level programming convenience. KRL is almost certainly meant by its authors to replace LISP as the basic A1 format of description, in much the way that FORTRAN once replaced machine language. A successful unification of the field at that level would be enormously positive; and would eliminate many of the purely notational disputes with which we are all familiar. Moreover, they have introduced as essential features of the language the notions of conceptual entities, inexact matching, and redundant representations, to name a few. Each of these has long been argued for (at least in the field of natural language processing), and their espousal represents a courageous break by the two authors from their past opinions. Indeed, they have gone further and, in a highly unusual move, published their own criticisms (Bobrow, Winograd et al., 1977) of the first paper.","PeriodicalId":89752,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive sciences","volume":"EM-19 1","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72612737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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