Child & adolescent psychopharmacology news最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Stimulants and SSRIs on Brain Function in Children: Emerging Clues from fMRI Studies.","authors":"Michael S Gaffrey, Rivfka Shenoy, Joan L Luby","doi":"10.1521/capn.2011.16.5.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/capn.2011.16.5.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89750,"journal":{"name":"Child & adolescent psychopharmacology news","volume":"16 5","pages":"3-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1521/capn.2011.16.5.3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31410649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Focus: Pharmacotherapy of Severe Disruptive Behavioral Symptoms Associated with Autism","authors":"L. Propper, H. Orlik","doi":"10.1521/CAPN.2011.16.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/CAPN.2011.16.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89750,"journal":{"name":"Child & adolescent psychopharmacology news","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1521/CAPN.2011.16.3.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67089656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Pharmacological Treatment of Problem Behaviors in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"Tricia L. Beattie","doi":"10.1521/CAPN.2011.16.3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/CAPN.2011.16.3.9","url":null,"abstract":"Description and Impact of Behavior Problems Behavior problems are common in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and range from relatively mild difficulties (e.g., tantrums, stereotypies, and noncompliance) to more severe behaviors, including selfinjury and aggression toward others. Problem behaviors are considered to be part of the clinical presentation of autism and have been linked to a range of difficulties including language and communication challenges, as well as sensory-based problems, and emotion dysregulation (APA, 2000; Gadow, DeVincent, Pomeroy, & Azizian, 2004; Koegel, Koegel, & Surratt, 1992; Lecavalier, 2006). More serious behaviors such as aggression and selfinjury not only pose immediate safety risks for the individual child and his or her caregivers but are also associated with broader functional impairments (RUPP Autism Network, 2007). They can interfere with learning opportunities, limit positive social interactions, and are associated with overall reduced independence (Horner, Carr, Strain, Todd, & Reed, 2002). Research suggests that behavioral difficulties often persist and worsen without appropriate treatment (Horner, et al., 2002; Tonge & Einfeld, 2003) and disruptive behavior in children with autism have been associated with high levels of parental stress, family isolation and decreased family cohesion (Lecavalier, Leone, & Wiltz, 2006; Schieve, Blumberg, Rice, Visser & Boyle, 2007). Given the prevalence, chronicity, and impact of behavior problems in children with ASD, the development of effective and feasible treatment options is critical for this population. Medication has been shown to be helpful in managing severe, disruptive behaviors in ASD; however, the effects of medication do not target core symptoms of the disorder, are often associated with adverse events, and challenging behaviors tend to re-emerge if the medication is discontinued (Aman, McDougle, Scahill, Handen, Arnold, Johnson, et al., 2009). There is a vast amount of research demonstrating the effectiveness of behavioral interventions in treating disruptive behavior in autism as well as targeting core social and communication deficits. Thus, intensive behavioral interventions have become a predominant treatment approach for autism and are the focus of this article (Bregman, Zager, & Gerdtz, 2005).","PeriodicalId":89750,"journal":{"name":"Child & adolescent psychopharmacology news","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1521/CAPN.2011.16.3.9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67089714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to Antipsychotic Therapy: Risk and Protective Factors","authors":"Holly E. Semble, Michele J. Dadson","doi":"10.1521/CAPN.2011.16.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/CAPN.2011.16.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Adherence can be defi ned as the extent to which a patient’s behavior coincides with prescribed health advice. Non-adherence is multifactorial and can include failure to take any medication, taking erroneous doses, failure to fi ll prescriptions, taking medication at the incorrect times, adhering partially to the prescribed medication regimen, and/or consuming incorrect combinations of medication (Pogge, Singer, & Harvey, 2005). Research has shown that medication adherence is one of the single most important factors in delaying or preventing relapse among adults with psychosis. For example, in one study the authors noted that within one year, patients who had medication gaps of 30 days or longer were four times more likely to be hospitalized (Weiden, Kozma, Grogg, & Locklear, 2004). While there is ample research on the rates and the importance of adherence to antipsychotics in adults, there is little information about medication use and treatment adherence among children and adolescents with psychosis.","PeriodicalId":89750,"journal":{"name":"Child & adolescent psychopharmacology news","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1521/CAPN.2011.16.2.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67089860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Comorbid with Epilepsy","authors":"Jay A. Salpekar, A. Zeitchick","doi":"10.1521/CAPN.2011.16.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/CAPN.2011.16.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Pharmacologic treatment approaches for either ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) or epilepsy, individually, are well studied. However, very few studies have addressed treatment strategies for children with both conditions. This is unfortunate, as ADHD is the most common psychiatric comorbidity occurring in children with epilepsy (Salpekar & Dunn, 2007). Although the prevalence of ADHD in the general pediatric population ranges from 5–10%, the prevalence of ADHD in children with pediatric epilepsy ranges from 20–38%. The predominantly inattentive subtype is more common (24%) than the combined type (11%) or predominantly hyperactive-impulsive subtype (2%) (Dunn et al., 2003). In some cases, significant distractibility may be identified even before the diagnosis of epilepsy is made (Hesdorffer et al., 2004). Epilepsy is a common illness, affecting nearly 1% of the general pediatric population, and is defined by having two or more unprovoked, afebrile seizures (Davis et al., 2010). The most widely used classification system, developed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), differentiates epilepsy by etiology and seizure type (Engel, 2006). Specific seizure types are distinguished as either partial or generalized. Partial seizures are identified when the initial clinical or electroencephalographic (EEG) change reflects a focal area of the brain, while generalized seizures are identified where the initial EEG change is widespread throughout the brain. Partial seizures are further classified as simple, if there is no change in consciousness, or complex, if consciousness is altered. Complex partial seizures are frequently associated with auras, five to ten second periods prior to a seizure event, during which an individual may experience physical sensations such as epigastric discomfort, or emotional symptoms such as fear or panic. Seizure episodes or auras may interrupt consciousness, and the result may be apparent distractibility or altered attention. Absence seizures, typically characterized by episodes of 10 seconds or more of staring and altered consciousness, are commonly misdiagnosed as inattention and represent an important differential diagnosis for ADHD (Williams et al., 2002).","PeriodicalId":89750,"journal":{"name":"Child & adolescent psychopharmacology news","volume":"16 1","pages":"5-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1521/CAPN.2011.16.2.5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67089990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antipsychotics and Autism: Weight, Metabolism, and Safety","authors":"Jennifer Yen, M. Grover, A. Mao","doi":"10.1521/CAPN.2011.16.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/CAPN.2011.16.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89750,"journal":{"name":"Child & adolescent psychopharmacology news","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1521/CAPN.2011.16.1.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67089362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE USE OF GLUTAMATE MODULATING DRUGS IN OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER.","authors":"F. Macmaster, D. Rosenberg","doi":"10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.6.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.6.1","url":null,"abstract":"Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic, severe and debilitating disorder, affecting over 3 million people in the United States. People afflicted with OCD have obsessions and compulsions that impair their functioning in life. According to the World Health Organization, OCD is among the ten most disabling medical conditions worldwide. The National Comorbidity Survey Replication, when examining anxiety disorders, found that OCD had the highest percentage of serious cases (50.6%) (Kessler et al., 2005). Lifetime prevalence estimates of OCD in pediatric and adult populations range from 1% to 3% (Kessler et al., 2005). The clinical presentation of OCD in childhood and adulthood is similar, making findings applicable across the age span. The mean age of onset for OCD in children is between 9 to 11 years in males and 11 to 13 years in females (Hanna, 1995). A more negative outcome is associated with an early age of onset. Furthermore, pediatric OCD was found to be chronic and unremitting in up to 87% of cases that failed to receive effective treatment (Stewart et al., 2004). Finally, an early diagnosis of OCD is associated with a higher risk for developing other psychiatric disorders into adulthood. \u0000 \u0000THE CASE FOR NOVEL TREATMENTS OF OCD \u0000Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRI) are the only FDA approved medications for OCD. While considered effective in the clinical trial literature, treatment of OCD with SRI’s has proven limited in clinical practice. SRIs are only effective in 40 to 60% of patients (Jenike, 2004). Obviously, this leaves a considerable number still ill. Additionally, studies often define treatment response as a 20 to 40% reduction in symptoms. Hence, many subjects who are classed as “responders” still have marked symptoms after treatment (Jenike, 2004). OCD symptom severity scores, as calculated by the Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS), normally range from 15 to 20 post-treatment. A score in this range is still indicative of significant impairment. In addition to SRIs, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), alone or in combination with SRI, is also considered effective for treating OCD (POTS, 2004). Nonetheless, one-third of pediatric patients remain markedly ill even after receiving the combination of CBT and medication (POTS, 2004). What is more, data indicates that an earlier onset of OCD may be associated with the illness being more treatment refractory (POTS, 2004). Indeed, OCD is one of the few remaining psychiatric disorders for which there is a neurosurgical treatment indication. The persistence of symptoms and the limited nature of treatment response indicates that the serotonin paradigm of understanding OCD cannot fully account for the underlying neurobiology of the illness. Therefore, novel, evidence based approaches are needed to advance treatment of OCD. The glutamate hypothesis of OCD, first developed over a decade ago (Rosenberg & Keshavan, 1998), and resulting biological evidence has recently ","PeriodicalId":89750,"journal":{"name":"Child & adolescent psychopharmacology news","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81003040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NEUROBIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE SUPPORTING GLUTAMATE'S ROLE IN PEDIATRIC OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER.","authors":"F. Macmaster, D. Rosenberg","doi":"10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.6.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.6.6","url":null,"abstract":"Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a major public health problem - among the ten most disabling medical conditions worldwide (Murray & Lopez, 1996). The two fundamental reasons to focus on pediatric OCD are first, that OCD typically has its onset during childhood and adolescence (Pauls, Alsobrook, Goodman, Rasmussen & Leckman, 1995) and second, that pediatric OCD is continuous with adult OCD. The age of onset for pediatric OCD ranges from 9 to11 years in boys to 11 to 13 years in girls (Hanna, 1995; Riddle et al., 1990), with an earlier age of onset associated with a more negative outcome (Skoog & Skoog, 1999; Stewart et al., 2004). There is a strong genetic component to OCD, with heritability estimates in children and adolescents ranging from 45% to 65% (van Grootheest, Cath, Beekman & Boomsma, 2005).","PeriodicalId":89750,"journal":{"name":"Child & adolescent psychopharmacology news","volume":"57 1","pages":"6-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89757131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Pharmacotherapy of Adolescent Opioid Dependence","authors":"B. Meltzer, Al Masry","doi":"10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89750,"journal":{"name":"Child & adolescent psychopharmacology news","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.2.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67089103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Pediatric OCD","authors":"K. Lapidus, A. Gilbert","doi":"10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.5.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.5.6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89750,"journal":{"name":"Child & adolescent psychopharmacology news","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1521/CAPN.2010.15.5.6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67089256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}