Journal of natural history museum最新文献

{"title":"Wild Edible Fruits of Palpa District, West Nepal","authors":"Rashi Mahato","doi":"10.3126/JNHM.V28I0.14188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JNHM.V28I0.14188","url":null,"abstract":"This paper documents the wild edible fruits of tropical and subtropical forest of Palpa District, West Nepal. Thirty-seven plant species under 17 families and 27 genera were identifi ed as wild edible fruit. Over 86% percent of them were trees and shrubs (32 species), 11% herbs (4 species) and the remaining 3% (1 species) woody climbers. Moraceae (9 species), Rosaceae (7 species), Anacardiaceae, Berberidaceae, Combretaceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae and Rutaceae (2 species each) were the most common families constituting about 75.7% of edible plants. The remaining 24.3% (9 species) of edible plants were distributed among 9 families and 9 genera. A considerable number of wild fruits are sold in market. These are Aegle marmelos, Artocarpus integra, Artocarpus lakoocha, Choerospondias axillaris, Myrica esculenta, Phoenix humilis, Phyllanthus emblica, Prunus persica, Pyracantha crenulata, Tamarindus indica, Terminalia bellirica, Terminalia chebula, Zanthoxylum armatum and Zizyphus mauritiana. Medicinal uses of some major economically important fruits are also documented. J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 28, 2014: 127-136","PeriodicalId":89691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of natural history museum","volume":"28 1","pages":"127-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/JNHM.V28I0.14188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69291670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution and Habitat Preference of Sloth Bear in Chitwan National Park, Nepal","authors":"D. Ghimire, T. Thapa","doi":"10.3126/JNHM.V28I0.14163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JNHM.V28I0.14163","url":null,"abstract":"Effective conservation of Sloth bear requires detailed information regarding their distribution and habitat use. This study attempted to generate baseline data on distribution and habitat preference of Sloth Bear in Chitwan National Park, Nepal during March–May 2012. The study area was divided into 74 grids each measuring 16 Km 2 . Of the total grids, 35 were randomly selected for occupancy sampling. A total of 288 spatial replicates were sampled in 35 different grids recording 87 direct or indirect evidences of Sloth bear. Among them, 50 diggings, 25 scats, four scrapes with live animals in eight points were detected in four different habitat types of the Park. The variance to mean ratio showed clumped distribution of Sloth bear. The RPI values revealed that the mixed forest was found to be most preferred (RPI = 0.42) by Sloth Bear followed by grassland (RPI = 0.21). Riverine forest and Sal forest were less preferred (RPI = -0.25 and -0.11 respectively) but not avoided. Distribution of Sloth bear was influenced by distance to nearest water sources, distance to road and altitude. Similarly, disturbances like human activities, presence of cattle and fi re were found to affect the distribution of Sloth bear. J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 28, 2014: 9-17","PeriodicalId":89691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of natural history museum","volume":"28 1","pages":"9-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/JNHM.V28I0.14163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69291025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altitudinal Distribution of Bryoflora at Chandragiri Mountain Forest of Kathmandu District, Central Nepal","authors":"N. Pradhan","doi":"10.3126/JNHM.V28I0.14184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JNHM.V28I0.14184","url":null,"abstract":"Chandragiri Mountain forest in Kathmandu borders Makwanpur district to the west was least known for bryophytes till this study was conducted. This mountain forest with varying elevation ranges from 1365 to 2300 m offered different habitat types for diverse bryofloral species which included 58 species of 39 genera categorized under 27 families and nine orders. Of the recorded species 18 species were rare and five new records to country’s list. Sauteria spongiosa (Kashyap) S. Hatt., a rare moss species was not recorded in this study though was reported for the fi rst time at 2250 m of this mountain in 1982. The habitat of this moss has completely been destroyed now due to expansion of the road in this part. J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 28, 2014: 81-92","PeriodicalId":89691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of natural history museum","volume":"28 1","pages":"81-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/JNHM.V28I0.14184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69291158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Pre–Historic Proboscideans of Nepal","authors":"R. Shrestha","doi":"10.3126/JNHM.V28I0.14189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JNHM.V28I0.14189","url":null,"abstract":"Although Nepal is one of the native habitats of the present day species of the Asian elephant, Elephas maximus ; it is also an important seat of early Proboscidean evolutionary grounds. Up to now four families and within them seven species of Proboscideans are recorded from Nepal in the forms of different fossils. Out of the total known Proboscideans throughout the world and Indian sub–continent, Nepal had approximately 3.86% and 14% respectively. This fact undoubtedly indicates that Nepal has remained an important place with perfect ecological conditions for the advance of elephants since pre–historic times. J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 28, 2014: 137-141","PeriodicalId":89691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of natural history museum","volume":"28 1","pages":"137-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69291683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sphaerotheca Fuliginea (Powdery Mildew) Parasitic on Macrotyloma uniflorum (Gahat): a Fungus New to Nepalese Mycoflora","authors":"M. Adhikari","doi":"10.3126/JNHM.V28I0.14192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JNHM.V28I0.14192","url":null,"abstract":"The powdery mildew (a fungus) Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Sch.: Fr.) Poll. , parasitic on Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc (Gahat) is recorded as new addition to Nepalese mycoflora. The description and distribution to the species is provided herewith. J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 28, 2014: 171-174","PeriodicalId":89691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of natural history museum","volume":"28 1","pages":"171-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/JNHM.V28I0.14192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69291866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BACTERIAL ANALYSIS AND SURVEY OF THE STREET FOOD OF KATHMANDU IN RELATION TO CHILD HEALTH","authors":"R. Tuladhar, Anjana Singh","doi":"10.3126/JNHM.V26I0.14126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JNHM.V26I0.14126","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of street foods of Kathmandu for bacterial contamination was performed in 12 different street foods. The surveillance study was carried in 200 children of primary grade from public school and 12 street vendors for the health hygiene and hazards associated with street food. Poor hygiene practice in preparation and handling of street food has been observed in the vendors. The lack of the knowledge in vendors about the source of bacterial contamination and absence of surveillance on street food has subjected street food to the high potential for food borne illness. The inadequate safety measure adopted by the targeted consumers of street food, the children, has augmented the risk associated with street food. All the food samples analyzed were contaminated with bacteria. The mesophilic count was recorded highest in Panipuri while as coliform count was highest in Chana tarkari . The least count of both was observed in Aaloo chop . Highest number of Staphylococccus aureus was found in Kerau (1.5X103cfu/g) and lowest in Momo (8.3 cfu/g). The dominant bacteria contaminating the food was S. aureus followed by Bacillus alvei, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Serratia sp., S. saprophyticus . The contaminated hand and clothing of the person who prepare food are the major source of S. aureus . Highest percentage of E. coli found in Panipuri must be due to the use of contaminated water. Chana chatpate and Chana tarkari were the foods found to be contaminated with Salmonella sp. The type of food and the degree of hygiene practice adopted by vendor refl ects the type and magnitude of bacterial contamination. Implementation of hygienic practices in vendors may reduce the contamination of street food and health education of the school children will curtail the incidences of food borne illness. Periodical monitoring of quality of street food will avoid any future outbreaks of bacterial pathogen. J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 26, 2012: 1-9","PeriodicalId":89691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of natural history museum","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/JNHM.V26I0.14126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69290295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apothecial Anatomy of some Parmelia Species of Namobudha, Kavrepalanchowk District, Central Nepal","authors":"K. Thapa, S. Rajbhandary","doi":"10.3126/JNHM.V26I0.14138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JNHM.V26I0.14138","url":null,"abstract":"The knowledge of lichen in Nepal was for the fi rst type introduced by Wallich’s collection done during 1820-21. The collection was mainly done from the eastern and central regions of the country. Lichens are found across all climatic regions of Nepal. They are characterized by the form in which they grow as they can grow on almost any substrate. They are usually identifi ed by its morphological characters, anatomy and colour test in order to separate genera as well as species. Now apothecial ontogeny and structural character is taken to recognise a family, genera and species. Altogether 31 species of different apothecial foliose and fruticose lichens were collected. Among them, 12 species of Parmelia were collected belonging to the family Parmeliaceace. This paper gives the difference of apothecial anatomy of fi ve species of the genus Parmelia collected from Namobudha, Kavrepalanchok district of central Nepal, which has helped in the identifi cation of the species. J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 26, 2012: 146-154","PeriodicalId":89691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of natural history museum","volume":"26 1","pages":"146-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/JNHM.V26I0.14138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69290356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Resources in Baghmara Community Forest of Central Lowland Nepal","authors":"B. K. Sharma, M. Chalise","doi":"10.3126/JNHM.V26I0.14140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JNHM.V26I0.14140","url":null,"abstract":"Initial assessment of cost and benefit aspect to the community managed forest for biodiversity conservation was conducted in Baghmara Community Forest at central lowland Nepal. Wildlife was being colonizing and forest was in early succession stage. The area was potential habitat for large wildlife too. Cost-benefit analysis indicated more cost than benefit during the initial stage. Eco-tourism was initiated after a few conservation management efforts in the area that resulted the numbers of tourist influx which will be on profit in near future. J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 26, 2012: 163-174","PeriodicalId":89691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of natural history museum","volume":"10 1","pages":"163-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/JNHM.V26I0.14140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69290371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRADITIONAL USES OF BEGONIA SPECIES (BEGONIACAE) IN NEPAL","authors":"S. Rajbhandary","doi":"10.3126/JNHM.V27I0.14150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JNHM.V27I0.14150","url":null,"abstract":"In Nepal Begonia L. is represented by 22 species of which ten species are reported in having ethnobotanical value. The 22 Begonia species including the seven endemic species largely belong to 2 sections, Begonia sect. Diploclinium and Begonia sect. Platycentrum . Most Begonia species occur in eastern and central region, and few species in western region. In this paper, ten species of Begonia mostly used as food, ornamental purpose and for medicine in most parts of Nepal is described. Except for Begonia picta, the ethnobotanical uses of other Nepalese Begonia species have not been reported in any previous literature from Nepal. J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 27, 2013: 25-34","PeriodicalId":89691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of natural history museum","volume":"27 1","pages":"25-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/JNHM.V27I0.14150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69290219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Effectiveness through Vermicomposting Technique for the Biological Stabilization of Solid Waste","authors":"B. Baral, N. Bhattarai, G. Shrestha","doi":"10.3126/JNHM.V26I0.14136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JNHM.V26I0.14136","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial and fungal isolates were isolated and their effectiveness in composting on different substrates with the aid of earthworms Eisenia foetida (Red Wigglers) was performed at Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST). Different parameters such as isolation of microorganisms, earthworm multiplication, composting effectiveness, analysis of micro-flora, their antimicrobial activity and nutrient content were performed. Bacteria such as Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp . , Micrococcus sp., Azotobacter sp., Beijerinckia sp. were isolated, where as the fungal isolates include Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Mucor sp., Rhizopus sp., Fusarium sp., Geotrichum sp. etc and the isolated actinomycetes were Streptomyce s sp., Micromonospora sp etc. The treatment prepared by using the saw dust as a substrate and inoculation with Rhizobium sp. showed better for the earthworm multiplication, followed by biogas slurry with Rhizobium , Lantana camara with both Trichoderma and Rhizobium, Ageratina adenophora with both Trichoderma and Rhizobium and finally control. The treatment prepared from biogas slurry with inoculum Trichoderma + Rhizobium showed the fast composting and decomposition than other combinations. The harvested vermicomposts were higher in microbial diversity, nutrient content and showed effective antimicrobial activity towards different plant and human pathogens. Among treatments, the treatment prepared from Ageratina inoculated with the combination of Trichoderma and Rhizobium showed the higher increment of Potassium (K) content in comparison to the control. Similarly, Phosphorous (P) increment was found to be higher in the treatment with Lantana inoculated with both Trichoderma and Rhizobium sp. Likewise, Nitrogen (N) increment was found to be higher in Lantana inoculated with Rhizobium sp. In comparison to the control, organic matter was found to be in higher increment on Ageratina inoculated with both Trichoderma and Rhizobium sp. Composts formed from all these combination were found to be basic in nature. J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 26, 2012: 126-135","PeriodicalId":89691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of natural history museum","volume":"26 1","pages":"126-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69290342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}