Scott P Mattison, Wihan Kim, Jesung Park, Brian E Applegate
{"title":"Molecular Imaging in Optical Coherence Tomography.","authors":"Scott P Mattison, Wihan Kim, Jesung Park, Brian E Applegate","doi":"10.2174/2211555203666141117233442","DOIUrl":"10.2174/2211555203666141117233442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a medical imaging technique that provides tomographic images at micron scales in three dimensions and high speeds. The addition of molecular contrast to the available morphological image holds great promise for extending OCT's impact in clinical practice and beyond. Fundamental limitations prevent OCT from directly taking advantage of powerful molecular processes such as fluorescence emission and incoherent Raman scattering. A wide range of approaches is being researched to provide molecular contrast to OCT. Here we review those approaches with particular attention to those that derive their molecular contrast directly from modulation of the OCT signal. We also provide a brief overview of the multimodal approaches to gaining molecular contrast coincident with OCT.</p>","PeriodicalId":89669,"journal":{"name":"Current molecular imaging","volume":"3 2","pages":"88-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4373611/pdf/nihms-666826.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33171982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FLIM-FRET for Cancer Applications.","authors":"Shilpi Rajoria, Lingling Zhao, Xavier Intes, Margarida Barroso","doi":"10.2174/2211555203666141117221111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211555203666141117221111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optical imaging assays, especially fluorescence molecular assays, are minimally invasive if not completely noninvasive, and thus an ideal technique to be applied to live specimens. These fluorescence imaging assays are a powerful tool in biomedical sciences as they allow the study of a wide range of molecular and physiological events occurring in biological systems. Furthermore, optical imaging assays bridge the gap between the <i>in vitro</i> cell-based analysis of subcellular processes and <i>in vivo</i> study of disease mechanisms in small animal models. In particular, the application of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), well-known techniques widely used in microscopy, to the optical imaging assay toolbox, will have a significant impact in the molecular study of protein-protein interactions during cancer progression. This review article describes the application of FLIM-FRET to the field of optical imaging and addresses their various applications, both current and potential, to anti-cancer drug delivery and cancer research.</p>","PeriodicalId":89669,"journal":{"name":"Current molecular imaging","volume":"3 2","pages":"144-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/2211555203666141117221111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33223657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Mehrmohammadi, Soon Joon Yoon, Douglas Yeager, Stanislav Y Emelianov
{"title":"Photoacoustic Imaging for Cancer Detection and Staging.","authors":"Mohammad Mehrmohammadi, Soon Joon Yoon, Douglas Yeager, Stanislav Y Emelianov","doi":"10.2174/2211555211302010010","DOIUrl":"10.2174/2211555211302010010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Diagnosing a cancer at its early stages of development can decrease the mortality rate significantly and reduce healthcare costs. Over the past two decades, photoacoustic imaging has seen steady growth and has demonstrated notable capabilities to detect cancerous cells and stage cancer. Furthermore, photoacoustic imaging combined with ultrasound imaging and augmented with molecular targeted contrast agents is capable of imaging cancer at the cellular and molecular level, thus opening diverse opportunities to improve diagnosis of tumors, detect circulating tumor cells and identify metastatic lymph nodes. In this paper we introduce the principles of photoacoustic imaging, and review recent developments in photoacoustic imagingas an emerging imaging modality for cancer diagnosis and staging.</p>","PeriodicalId":89669,"journal":{"name":"Current molecular imaging","volume":"2 1","pages":"89-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3769095/pdf/nihms509056.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31729553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strategies for Target-Specific Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging.","authors":"Sashiprabha M Vithanarachchi, Matthew J Allen","doi":"10.2174/2211555211201010012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211555211201010012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review describes recent research efforts focused on increasing the specificity of contrast agents for proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Contrast agents play an indispensable role in MRI by enhancing the inherent contrast of images; however, the non-specific nature of current clinical contrast agents limits their usefulness. This limitation can be addressed by conjugating contrast agents or contrast-agent-loaded carriers-including polymers, nanoparticles, dendrimers, and liposomes-to molecules that bind to biological sites of interest. An alternative approach to conjugation is synthetically mimicking biological structures with metal complexes that are also contrast agents. In this review, we describe the advantages and limitations of these two targeting strategies with respect to translation from in vitro to in vivo imaging while focusing on advances from the last ten years.</p>","PeriodicalId":89669,"journal":{"name":"Current molecular imaging","volume":"1 1","pages":"12-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/2211555211201010012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31158886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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