Banko janakari最新文献

Assessment of Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) Using SatelliteDerived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Land Surface Temperature (LST) in Three Metropolitan Cities of Nepal 基于卫星反演归一化植被指数(NDVI)和地表温度(LST)的尼泊尔三个大城市城市热岛(UHIs)评估

Banko janakari Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/banko.v32i2.50895

Sm Kandel, B. Gyawali, J. Sandifer, S. Shrestha, S. Upadhaya

{"title":"Assessment of Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) Using SatelliteDerived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Land Surface Temperature (LST) in Three Metropolitan Cities of Nepal","authors":"Sm Kandel, B. Gyawali, J. Sandifer, S. Shrestha, S. Upadhaya","doi":"10.3126/banko.v32i2.50895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/banko.v32i2.50895","url":null,"abstract":"Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) are urban areas that are relatively warmer than nearby rural areas due to the presence of infrastructures, such as buildings, roads, and associated development. This study explored the UHIs in Nepal's three largest metropolitan cities, i.e., Pokhara, Bharatpur, and Nepalgunj. Using freely available data, we explored LST dynamics between 2000 and 2019 and how changes in NDVI affect LST and their relationship with UHI. We used the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 8-day product (MOD11A2) to evaluate LST and the MODIS-derived NDVI 16-day product (MOD13Q1) to quantify land surface characteristics. Using a simple linear regression technique, we explored the relationship between LST and NDVI. The results indicated that LSTs for the urban areas are consistently greater than LSTs for the nearby rural areas, and an inverse relation between LST and NDVI was obtained. The results from Pokhara and Bharatpur showed that increasing LST resulting from declining NDVI is responsible for UHIs. However, the results from Nepalgunj suggested that factors other than NDVI are responsible for variation in LST. These results indicate a need for systematic mapping, planning, and managing open and green areas in large cities. This research also highlights the scope of applying UHI conceptual models to rapidly developing urban areas in different locations of Nepal for better planning and management of open spaces.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":89659,"journal":{"name":"Banko janakari","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41992362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Allometric Volume and Biomass Equations for Nepalese Tree Species 尼泊尔树种异速生长体积和生物量方程

Banko janakari Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/banko.v32i2.50891

Thakur Subedi

引用次数: 0

Valuation of timber and firewood of trees outside forest along the urban–rural gradient in Kathmandu valley, Nepal 尼泊尔加德满都谷地城乡梯度林外树木木材和薪柴的价值

Banko janakari Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/banko.v32i2.50894

Babita Shrestha, B. K. Sharma, R. Yadav

{"title":"Valuation of timber and firewood of trees outside forest along the urban–rural gradient in Kathmandu valley, Nepal","authors":"Babita Shrestha, B. K. Sharma, R. Yadav","doi":"10.3126/banko.v32i2.50894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/banko.v32i2.50894","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to analyze diameter class, quality class, wood production potential and timber and firewood values of trees outside forest along the urban-rural gradient in Kathmandu valley of central Nepal. Inventory was performed in 209 randomly selected points. Circular plots of 20 m radius were used for inventory. All trees (height > 1.3 m and DBH ≥ 5 cm) in the plots were identified to species level and their height, DBH & quality class were recorded. In total 6,210 trees (236.35 ha-1) of 150 species belonging to 111 genera and 57 families were recorded. The total merchantable timber volumes of timber class A and B, and total timber volumes were highest in the urban stratum (537.08, 84.88 and 621.96 cu ft ha -1 respectively) followed by rural (442.94, 66.82 and 509.76 cu ft ha -1 respectively) and suburban (250.04, 47.31 and 297.35 cu ft ha -1 respectively) strata. But due to higher merchantable price of tree species recorded in rural stratum, total market value of class A timber was higher in rural stratum (NPR 7,89,871/US$ 6,085), class B timber was higher in urban stratum (NPR 1,08,255/US$ 834), total timber was higher in rural stratum (NPR 8,70,410/US$ 6,706), firewood was higher in urban stratum (NPR 4,88,709/US$ 3,765) and total wood was higher in urban stratum (NPR 12,95,531/US$ 9,981). Cinnamomum camphora was found as tree species with highest market price of total wood value in the study area. The study provides the baseline data of useful timber species through TOF suggesting a need for appropriate timber producing species selection for plantation.","PeriodicalId":89659,"journal":{"name":"Banko janakari","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44108235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tree carbon stock in middle mountain forest types: A case study from Chandragiri hills, Kathmandu, Nepal 中山森林类型的树木碳储量：以尼泊尔加德满都Chandragiri山为例

Banko janakari Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/banko.v32i2.50896

Ranjan Gurung, H. Adhikari, R. S. Dani, C. Baniya

{"title":"Tree carbon stock in middle mountain forest types: A case study from Chandragiri hills, Kathmandu, Nepal","authors":"Ranjan Gurung, H. Adhikari, R. S. Dani, C. Baniya","doi":"10.3126/banko.v32i2.50896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/banko.v32i2.50896","url":null,"abstract":"The forest carbon stock usually depends on the forest types, forest density, age of forest, size of trees, site quality, wood density, annual precipitation, and species composition. This research aims to analyze the relationship among tree carbon stock, species richness, soil chemical properties such as soil organic carbon, and soil pH in the Forests of Chandragiri Hills, Kathmandu, Central Nepal. Along this forest, five square plots (20 × 20 m2 ) each were established along the two transects at a maximum interval of 100 m. Carbon stock of each tree was estimated by using allometric equation based on measured tree height and DBH. The mean tree carbon stock was found to be highest in Mixed Forest (87.13 t/ha) followed by Oak Forest (52.75 t/ha), and Pine Forest (22.5 t/ha). The tree carbon stock showed significant negative correlation with tree species richness (r = -0.56, p = 0.001). The tree carbon stock showed significant positive correlation with soil organic carbon (r = 0.57, p = 0.001) and soil pH (r = 0.37, p = 0.05). Tree carbon was found positively highly significant correlation with altitude, Soil organic carbon, pH, and Shannon diversity index.","PeriodicalId":89659,"journal":{"name":"Banko janakari","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47183839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the relevance of community forest operational plan: users’ perspective and implementation status 探讨社区森林经营计划的相关性：用户视角和实施现状

Banko janakari Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/banko.v32i2.50897

P. Ghimire, S. Baral, P. Khanal, S. Bolakhe, Gyanendu Sharma

{"title":"Exploring the relevance of community forest operational plan: users’ perspective and implementation status","authors":"P. Ghimire, S. Baral, P. Khanal, S. Bolakhe, Gyanendu Sharma","doi":"10.3126/banko.v32i2.50897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/banko.v32i2.50897","url":null,"abstract":"Community Forestry has long been considered an epitome of decentralized forest management in Nepal. The management of Community Forests are guided by their Operational Plans (OPs), the mandatory technical document. Their preparation demands substantial human and economic inputs. However, their extent of implementation and the significance of these plans to local user are topics of debate. In this context, this study analyzes users' perception about the OP and their implementation status. We took case study approach and conducted key informant interview (n=25), focus group discussion (n=16) and purposive household survey (n=246) in 15 Community Forest User Groups to compile required data. The perceptions were analyzed using qualitative methods. The results revealed that the users have poor understanding of their plans and considered the plan as technical legitimate documents. The implementation status of the plans was of sub-standard. Silvicultural operations prescribed in the operational plans were insufficiently carried out. We found that the users are adopting only the forest product harvest and utilization aspects of the plans. Provided the poor understanding of OPs among the users and quality of plan implementation, this study questions the relevance of current operational plans and emphasizes the need of reviewing the planning process so that their high-standard implementation can be assured.","PeriodicalId":89659,"journal":{"name":"Banko janakari","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43448863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distribution pattern of corticolous lichens in different areas of Kathmandu valley, Nepal 尼泊尔加德满都谷地不同地区皮质地衣分布格局

Banko janakari Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/banko.v32i2.50892

Neena Karmacharya, D. Upreti, M. Chettri

{"title":"Distribution pattern of corticolous lichens in different areas of Kathmandu valley, Nepal","authors":"Neena Karmacharya, D. Upreti, M. Chettri","doi":"10.3126/banko.v32i2.50892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/banko.v32i2.50892","url":null,"abstract":"This study attempts to document the lichen species and their distribution in different areas of Kathmandu valley, Nepal. Twenty sampling sites with different degrees of air pollution categorized as disturbed (industrial, heavy traffic and residential areas) and undisturbed areas (clean area) were selected for the study. Sampling was done using the quadrat method. To enumerate the total number of lichen species found in Kathmandu valley, lichen specimens were collected from inside as well as outside the quadrats. A total of 97 species of corticolous lichens belonging to 21 families and 44 genera were recorded from the study sites. Parmeliaceae was the largest family followed by Graphidaceae. The importance value analysis showed that Candelaria concolor (115.2), Dirinaria aegialita, Lepraria sp., Phaeophyscia hispidula var. hispidula and Physcia sorediosa (106.02) are the most common and dominant lichen species in Kathmandu valley. Among the most common and dominant lichen species, Candelaria concolor, Dirinaria aegialita, Phaeophyscia hispidula var. hispidula and Physcia sorediosa were found concentrated in heavy traffic areas whereas Lepraria sp. in the industrial areas. A higher number of lichen species (70%) was recorded in undisturbed areas than in disturbed areas (50%). These study confirm that the distribution of lichen flora is strongly influenced by degrees of pollution. This in turn suggests that lichens can be used as bio indicators of air quality in the Kathmandu valley.","PeriodicalId":89659,"journal":{"name":"Banko janakari","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44232673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Documentation of wild and underutilized vegetables:potential for conservation and utilization 野生和未充分利用的蔬菜文献：保护和利用的潜力

Banko janakari Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/banko.v32i2.50898

Milan Regmi, Aashish Shrestha, H. Paudel

{"title":"Documentation of wild and underutilized vegetables:potential for conservation and utilization","authors":"Milan Regmi, Aashish Shrestha, H. Paudel","doi":"10.3126/banko.v32i2.50898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/banko.v32i2.50898","url":null,"abstract":"Wild and underutilized vegetables are important sources of food, nutrition, and income for rural communities and indigenous people. Cultivation of high-yielding hybrid varieties, change in food habits, climate change and over-harvesting have resulted in genetic erosion of these vegetables. In addition to this, their availability, distribution and uses are poorly documented. This study aims to document the wild, neglected, and underutilized vegetable species in Jaimini Municipality of Baglung District, Western Nepal. Complete information on wild and underutilized vegetables were collected using semi-structured interviews, guided field walks, and field observation. We recorded 64 species of wild and underutilized vegetables belonging to 27 different families in the study area. Leaf was the most used plant part (26 species) and majority of the plants species were herbs (33 species). Most of these vegetables were consumed in rainy and summer seasons and their availability decreased during winter season. Knowledge regarding their utilization, cultivation, and conservation were also gradually disappearing. Therefore, consumer awareness, evaluation of their nutritional value, and promotion for their commercial use should be emphasized for the inclusion of these vegetable species in our daily diet.","PeriodicalId":89659,"journal":{"name":"Banko janakari","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44268374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aboveground carbon stocks and sequestration rates of forests under different management regimes in Churia region of Nepal 尼泊尔楚里亚地区不同管理制度下森林的地上碳储量和固碳率

Banko janakari Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.3126/banko.v32i1.45442

Bipana Subedi, Prakash Lamichhane, Lilu Kumari Magar, Thakur Subedi

{"title":"Aboveground carbon stocks and sequestration rates of forests under different management regimes in Churia region of Nepal","authors":"Bipana Subedi, Prakash Lamichhane, Lilu Kumari Magar, Thakur Subedi","doi":"10.3126/banko.v32i1.45442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/banko.v32i1.45442","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of forest management activities on the ability of forest ecosystems to sequester and store atmospheric carbon is of increasing scientific and social concern. This research estimated the aboveground carbon stocks and carbon sequestration rates of forests under various management regimes in the Churia region of Nepal. We used tree data from 469 permanent sample plots distributed across the region from the data archive of Forest Research and Training Centre for the study. The data from 2012 and 2017 were used. The volumes of individual trees were calculated using species–specific allometric equations, which were then converted to biomasses using their respective wood densities. The carbon content was calculated by multiplying the biomass by 0.47 and was converted to the amount of sequestrated CO2 by multiplying by 3.67. We found that the average estimated aboveground carbon stock increased from 78.43 t ha–1 in 2012 to 89.20 t ha–1 in 2017, resulting in an average annual carbon sequestration rate of 5.34 t ha–1 yr–1 (i.e. 7.90 t CO2 ha–1 yr–1). The results showed significant differences in aboveground carbon stocks and annual carbon sequestration rates among different forest management regimes in the region. Generally, aboveground carbon stock was found to be the highest in protected areas in both years whereas, the annual carbon sequestration rate was found to be the highest in government–managed forests. It can be concluded that the Churia region has great potential in terms of carbon sequestration. The evidence of the strong association of carbon stock and sequestration rate with management regimes provides valuable information for policymakers to maintain and further enhance carbon storage in a geographically vulnerable region like Churia.","PeriodicalId":89659,"journal":{"name":"Banko janakari","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44827525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fungal diseases of economically important tree species in plantation forest of Arjam, Myagdi district, Nepal 尼泊尔Myagdi地区Arjam人工林重要经济树种真菌病研究

Banko janakari Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.3126/banko.v32i1.45444

S. Jha, Shashi Shrestha

引用次数: 0

Climate change, climatic disasters, and adaptation techniques: learnings from the lowlands of Nepal 气候变化、气候灾害和适应技术：尼泊尔低地的经验教训

Banko janakari Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.3126/banko.v32i1.45443

Roshan Singh Thagunna, S. Chhetri, D. Gautam, Diwakar Bhattarai, P. Thapa

{"title":"Climate change, climatic disasters, and adaptation techniques: learnings from the lowlands of Nepal","authors":"Roshan Singh Thagunna, S. Chhetri, D. Gautam, Diwakar Bhattarai, P. Thapa","doi":"10.3126/banko.v32i1.45443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/banko.v32i1.45443","url":null,"abstract":"Nepal is experiencing inevitable consequences of changing climate. Rural communities are badly suffering from these implications. Meanwhile, the rural communities are trying to acclimatize through small–scale adaptation efforts. This study aims to analyze changes in temperature and rainfall trends, identify major climatic disasters, and document current adaptation measures being adopted by rural communities. For this study, we randomly selected 220 households from a total of 4,282 Households, and seven key informants for the questionnaire survey within the study area. Meteorological data from the nearest station were used to analyze changes in temperature and rainfall trends. The study revealed that both mean annual maximum and minimum temperature increased by 0.063 °C/year and 0.072° C/year respectively, between 1991 and 2020. Similarly, mean annual rainfall increased by 12.329 mm/year. Floods, droughts, landslides, hailstorms, and forest fires were major climate disasters experienced by the locals. The adverse impact perceived were loss of crop yield, decrease in water availability, an increase of mosquitoes, and a decline in sightings of the birds and waterfowls in the area. Embankment construction along rivers, changing cropping patterns and cultivation time, forest protection, and maintaining home gardens were major adaptation measures being practiced by the locals. We believe the findings of this study will be helpful for policymakers to develop strategies and programs for communities that will promote resilience against climate– induced disasters at a local level in the lowlands of Nepal.","PeriodicalId":89659,"journal":{"name":"Banko janakari","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45829752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1