Mental health in family medicine最新文献

{"title":"Healthy Restrained Eaters Diminish Consummatory Food Reward and Inhibit Prepotent Feeding Responses: An EEG Study","authors":"F. Howells, J. Kroff, E. Lambert","doi":"10.25149/1756-8358.1202003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25149/1756-8358.1202003","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Some individuals with modest elevations in dietary restraint exhibit the ability to diminish consummatory and anticipatory food reward. In this paper we aim to identify the underlying mechanisms of food-specific cortical inhibition responses in restrained vs unrestrained eaters. \u0000Methods: Restrained (n = 43) and unrestrained eaters (n = 38) completed self-report surveys and a food- vs non-food Stroop task protocol with record of electroencephalography (EEG). Cortical rhythms and EEG ERPs were assessed. \u0000Results: Compared to their unrestrained peers, restrained eaters showed several differences in food task-related event-related potential (ERP) waveform presentation: ERP P300 component latency was significantly longer during food image viewing over the left parietal cortex (P3), and the amplitudes of the ERP P300 and LPP components were significantly greater over the right central electrode (C4) whilst responding to Stroop color-word cues. Food task-related conflict cue elicited ERP P300 amplitude correlated positively with eating restraint, and negatively with bioelectrical impedance assessed % body fat. \u0000Conclusions: Restrained eaters free of eating pathology attenuate conscious visual food cue processing and show enhanced executive brain functioning during late attentional processing despite the presence of distractor food cues. Our data propose robust executive governance as the primary underlying neurophysiological mechanism by which healthy restrained eaters diminish consummatory food reward and inhibit prepotent feeding responses.","PeriodicalId":89603,"journal":{"name":"Mental health in family medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75731859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperhomocysteinemia, Cognitive Deficits, and Delayed P300 Latencies in Malnourished Children from Northern India","authors":"R. Kumari, A. Agrawal, S. Shivakumar, P. Singh, G. P. Singh, G. Dubey","doi":"10.25149/1756-8358.1202004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25149/1756-8358.1202004","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malnutrition during childhood can adversely affect behaviour and cognitive performance. Vitamin B deficiencies in particular have been linked to cognitive impairment and hyperhomocysteinemia, a risk factor for cardiovascular and neurological disorders. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of malnourishment on cognition and plasma vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine levels in children in Northern India. \u0000Methods: 825 school going children were screened following which 75 children were included in the malnourished group and 50 apparently healthy children in the control group. Attention span, long and short-term memory, and latenciesof the brain event related potential P300 were assessed as the cognitive measures. 1.0 ml blood (fasting) was collected from each subject in EDTA tubes and centrifuged (2000 rpm) at 4 °C for 20 minutes,separate the plasma. Fasting plasma levels of homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate were also determined by ELISA. \u0000Results: Significantly lower scores in the attention span and memory tests were observed in the malnourished group as compared to the control group (P<0.001). These differences were further exemplified by delayed P300 latencies observed in the malnourished group as compared to controls (P<0.001). Elevated plasma homocysteine along with lower folate, and vitamin B12 levels were also observed in the malnourished group when compared to controls(P<0.001). \u0000Discussion: These results encourage pilot studies to establish whether interventions to treat vitamin B12 folate and iron deficiencies in the malnourished children studied here could help improve cognitive performance and ameliorate hyperhomocysteinemia.","PeriodicalId":89603,"journal":{"name":"Mental health in family medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87222963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Schizophrenia during Menopausal Transition","authors":"Elizabeth A Crow, Suzanne G. Jasberg","doi":"10.25149/1756-8358.1202005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25149/1756-8358.1202005","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a review of three cases of menopausal transition first episode psychosis that occurred at our institution. Possible explanations for this second wave of schizophrenia during the menopausal transition and early menopause may be from hormonal changes, specifically hypoestrogenism, that can be the catalyst in women with an underlying risk for schizophrenia. Other mental illnesses, such as preexisting unipolar depression and bipolar affective disorder can worsen during menopausal transition. Other hypoestrogenic periods, including postpartum and menstruation, have been shown to have increased risk of psychosis onset or symptom exacerbation for some women. This highlights a possible hormonal connection between menopausal transition and schizophrenia onset. Additionally, the physiologic changes that occur during this period, including hot flushes (vasomotor symptoms) and sleep deprivation may be particular stressors that exacerbate mental illness. Possible women’s health interventions may have a particular benefit in women with new onset psychosis during menopausal transition or menopause.","PeriodicalId":89603,"journal":{"name":"Mental health in family medicine","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82430135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stranger Anxiety: When Children Face Strangers","authors":"R. Solan","doi":"10.25149/1756-8358.1202011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25149/1756-8358.1202011","url":null,"abstract":"Till about seven months, the baby mostly flees from contact with strangers, often avoiding eye-contact without the parent’s awareness. A reaction of resistance and anxiety when approached by a stranger is commonly seen around eight months. In this paper I explore this emotional responding in the context of a novel re-conceptualization of healthy narcissism processing as an emotional immune system. Whereas recent discussions in the literature have focused on the anxiety reaction, I propose that key to understanding this commonplace phenomenon is the understanding of how healthy narcissism works to safeguard that which is familiar and resist that which is strange. The operation of these psychic processes may be likened to those of the biological immune system, which safeguard the familiar codes of the body and repel alien invaders. In safeguarding that which is familiar and repelling the alien, healthy narcissism operates as an emotional immune system. It is promoted by good-enough attachments (object relations) characterized by our being loved the way we are (true self), in separateness and not according to someone else’s blueprint (false self), one that risks invading our familiar self. The more we are loved for who we truly are, our self-integrity is more immune to invaders, and throughout our lifespan, we are more immune to alien influences, and to the incursions of others’ hurtful words and deeds. Healthy narcissism is thus understood as providing, from birth, emotional immunity to our sense of self-familiarity. We come to recognize ourselves and the partners of our various relationships via continually being alerted to and subsequently resisting or rejecting strangers/strangeness (i.e., invaders), and by gradually tolerating and even befriending the otherness. Befriending is possible when we are able to discover some familiarity embedded within the stranger. The appearance of eight-month resistance/anxiety, a normal alertness to strangers, signals that the baby has a rudimentary sense of both self and object constancy and is able to differentiate between his familiar “not-I,” such as the parent/caregiver whom he experiences as familiar and is attached to, and the unfamiliar “not-I” stranger. The parent/caregiver is then experienced as a bridge between that which is familiar and that which is strange and anxiety-provoking/overwhelming. Parents’ reactions to the “not-I” (of their baby) can help the infant differentiate between a “not-I” he might befriend, and one that is best avoided. The normal emotional immune reaction reflects a good-enough balance between preserving the familiar and true self, and befriending the otherness, to which one remains appropriately but not excessively alert.","PeriodicalId":89603,"journal":{"name":"Mental health in family medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85132386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Need for Health Policy Instruction in Medical Education","authors":"Brian J. Shiozawa","doi":"10.25149/1756-8358.1202009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25149/1756-8358.1202009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89603,"journal":{"name":"Mental health in family medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78170174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health consequences and risk factors of physical intimate partner violence","authors":"Mahin Delara","doi":"10.25149/1756-8358.1201004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25149/1756-8358.1201004","url":null,"abstract":"Violence against women is a public health concern and physical intimate partner violence is the most common form of it. Physical violence is often accompanied by psychological abuse and has detrimental effects on female victims' mental health. While the adverse mental consequences experienced by women due to violence and abuse by their partners have been well established, it is not clear how much of these consequences are the result of physical violence only. Indeed, the mental health impact that physical intimate partner violence has on women is still lacking. This paper reviews and consolidates ndings from the existing literature on mental health consequences of male partner violence that are attributed to physical victimization only. Also discussed are variables that increase the risk of mental ill health among female victims of physical intimate partner violence. Recommendations for practitioners, policy makers and future research have been explored. Keywords: Physical violence, Intimate partner violence, Mental Health, Risk Factors, Female Victims Language: en","PeriodicalId":89603,"journal":{"name":"Mental health in family medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"119-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75692793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicidality in Tuberculosis Patients and their Non- Tuberculosis Family Contacts in Nigeria","authors":"V. Lasebikan, O. Ige","doi":"10.25149/1756-8358.1201005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25149/1756-8358.1201005","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aimed at determining the prevalence and correlates of suicidal behavior in patients with tuberculosis as compared with their non-tuberculosis control, and to determine its association with disease pattern. \u0000Method: One hundred and fifteen patients with tuberculosis and 115 caregivers/family members visiting the Multi-drug Treatment Resistant (MDR) Treatment Centre at University College Hospital, Ibadan Centre were screened for suicidal behavior, depression, psychosis, alcohol or drug use, using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and patient’s records. Physician’s report was used to determine the presence of a co-morbid general medical condition. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. \u0000Results: A significantly higher proportion of the TB cases compared to controls had suicidal ideation (44.3% versus 3.5%, p <0.001), suicidal plan (21.7% versus 1.7%) and attempt (14.8% versus 0.9%). Five patients (4.3%) of the TB cases completed suicide in the course of the study. A significantly higher proportion of the TB cases had Suicidality Scores in the moderate to high range (44.3%) compared to the controls (3.5%). Predictors of suicidality in TB were extra-pulmonary spread, p < 0.01, any substance use disorder, p < 0.01, lung abscess, p < 0.01, HIV/AIDS, p < 0.01and depression, p = 0.01. \u0000Conclusion: The high prevalence of suicidal behavior and its association with several disease severity indicators in this study reinforces the existing evidence for increased risk of suicidal behaviors in chronic physical illnesses, necessitating more robust consultation-liaison services for MDR-TB patients.","PeriodicalId":89603,"journal":{"name":"Mental health in family medicine","volume":"409 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84877008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Character Strengths and Virtues in Relation to Well-Being in Gay and Lesbian Individuals","authors":"Deborah J. Miller, J. Kim","doi":"10.25149/1756-8358.1201001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25149/1756-8358.1201001","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional survey study was completed in which ninety-two self-identified gay and lesbian university students responded to online research instruments which assessed psychological well-being as well as character strengths and virtues. Participants were grouped using cluster analysis based on well-being scores and discriminant analysis was used to differentiate between groups based on two virtue factors (Interpersonal Strengths and Practical Wisdom). Results suggest that individuals with high autonomy and low overall well-being score lower in interpersonal character strengths compared to individuals with balanced well-being. As interpersonal strengths are key to social support and thus to well-being for gay and lesbian individuals, further attention is warranted to study the relationship between autonomy, interpersonal character strengths, and social support in this population.","PeriodicalId":89603,"journal":{"name":"Mental health in family medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74300238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telephone Based Versus Face to Face Assist Linked Brief Intervention on Alcohol Use Cessation in a Nigerian Family Practice","authors":"V. Lasebikan, B. Ola","doi":"10.25149/1756-8358.1201006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25149/1756-8358.1201006","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the effectiveness of standard face-to-face Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) linked brief intervention (F-ASSIST) with mobile telephone-administered ASSIST linked brief intervention (T-ASSIST) for alcohol use cessation in a Nigerian clinical population. \u0000Methods: Participants (787), 18 years and above were consecutively randomized into either a T-ASSIST or F-ASSIST brief Intervention. Participants in the F-ASSIST group received face-to-face brief Intervention (standard care) at baseline and at 3 months. Participants in the T-ASSIST group received face-to-face intervention at baseline and at 3 months but in addition received weekly mobile telephone-delivered short message service (SMS) aimed at encouraging abstinence during study period. Main outcome measures were significant reduction in mean ASSIST score and percentage abstinence at 6 months. Analysis was carried out by Chi square statistics and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) using SPSS (16.0). \u0000Results: The ANCOVA was significant, F (2, 761) = 77.2, p < 0.001. Post hoc tests showed the adjusted means of the three groups to be significantly different. The effect sizes for the mean differences were 0.836, 0.601 and 0.227 respectively. Highest proportion of abstainers at 6 months was in the T-ASSIST group p < 0.001. Binary regression analysis shows that respondents in the F-ASSIST group were significantly less likely to be abstainers compared with the telephone based intervention OR = 0.18, 95% CI (0.09-0.37). \u0000Conclusion: A telephone-based programme offers superiority compared with a strict face to face alcohol cessation program because it enhances treatment adherence.","PeriodicalId":89603,"journal":{"name":"Mental health in family medicine","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88668041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using the Shadow Script of Fidelity to Treat Infidelity: A Narrative Approach","authors":"J. Atwood, D. McCullough","doi":"10.25149/1756-8358.1201008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25149/1756-8358.1201008","url":null,"abstract":"In this society much attention has been paid to infidelity. Newspapers report on the infidelities of celebrities, politicians, etc. every other day. Researchers explore the question of why people are unfaithful. The present survey examines the opposite situation. Why are people faithful? Given the many opportunities in society to stray, why do people remain faithful to their partner? This paper examines the Shadow Script of Infidelity-Fidelity. A study was performed with 204 participants. The findings indicate that several traits were prevalent in those who remained faithful. These findings are then woven into the stories of couples that experienced affairs. A Narrative therapeutic approach is used which explores the meanings that incidents, behaviors, and encounters have for couples. These meanings emerge from social interactions. In this paper, therapy involves exploring meaning systems as the therapist uncovers the layers of the clients’ stories. First the couple’s pre-counseling experience is presented. The self of the therapist is then explored. A five step narrative therapeutic approach was proposed. The shadow script of fidelity was interwoven in the therapeutic options for couples experiencing infidelity.","PeriodicalId":89603,"journal":{"name":"Mental health in family medicine","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79188139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}