R. Murayama, K. Fujisawa, H. Fukuoka, M. Hirao, S. Yonehara
{"title":"Nondestructive evaluation of material properties with EMAT (formability in cold rolled steel sheets and residual stress in railroad wheel)","authors":"R. Murayama, K. Fujisawa, H. Fukuoka, M. Hirao, S. Yonehara","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1989.67171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1989.67171","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasonic techniques using an EMAT (electromagnetic acoustic transducer) for evaluating material properties were developed. Two items are described. One is the evaluation of the formability in cold-rolled steel sheets by using the S/sub 0/-mode plate-wave EMAT. The other is the measurement by the stress in the rim of railroad wheels by using two polarized SH-waves EMATs. The experimental results obtained in these techniques agree with theoretical predictions, and the techniques are useful for monitoring the material properties.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":89469,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"4 1","pages":"1159-1162 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74231403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic approach for finding effective elastic and piezoelectric constants of superlattices","authors":"E. Akçakaya, G. Farnell, E. Adler","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1989.67019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1989.67019","url":null,"abstract":"A dynamic approach is presented for determining a set of equivalent elastic, piezoelectric, and permittivity constants for a superlattice consisting of a periodic multilayer of anisotropic materials. The objective is to predict the acoustic properties of such a periodic structure in the long-wavelength (low-frequency) limit. It is shown that the acoustic-wave properties for propagation in any plane defined by an arbitrary direction and the superlattice axis are contained in a 6*6 system matrix requiring for its construction only 29 (at most) material constants from a total of 46. The computation of an equivalent system matrix for a superlattice is demonstrated, and the manner of obtaining the equivalent density, 6 permittivities, 21 stiffness, and 18 piezoelectric constants is given.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":89469,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"7 1","pages":"415-418 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74277595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Non-contact ultrasonic inspection of diffusion bonds in titanium","authors":"G. S. Taylor, D. Hutchins, S. Palmer, M. Moles","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1989.67162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1989.67162","url":null,"abstract":"A method is presented for the remote ultrasonic inspection of diffusion bonds in titanium. Analysis using cepstral processing has shown that it is possible to obtain information concerning the state of bonding. The method shows promise for the inspection of spent nuclear-fuel containers.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":89469,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"4 1","pages":"1113-1115 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72881343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Hauden, E. Bigler, A. d'Almeida, S. Ballandras, P. Leblois
{"title":"Frequency instabilities in SAW resonators and oscillators","authors":"D. Hauden, E. Bigler, A. d'Almeida, S. Ballandras, P. Leblois","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1989.66958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1989.66958","url":null,"abstract":"SAW (surface acoustic wave) oscillator stability is limited by intrinsic instabilities of the oscillating loop and by instabilities due to external causes translated into phase noise. Thus, frequency and phase fluctuations are due to noise in the SAW resonator and its electronics and to temperature effects and mechanical stresses acting on the SAW device. Results concerning both aspects of the problem are described. An analytic method is used to choose a quartz cut which minimizes simultaneously the sensitivities to static thermal effects and to mechanical stresses which induce frequency shifts through the support deformations of the propagation substrate. Experimental curves on an STC cut and a new low-sensitivity cut are presented. Stability measurements are reported for several SAW oscillators built from SAW resonators fabricated according to different processes. Short-term stability and aging are compared, and their relation to the details of fabrication is discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":89469,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"133 1","pages":"53-57 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77515605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An analysis of the normal acceleration sensitivity of contoured quartz resonators with simple rectangular supports","authors":"Y.S. Zhou, D. Shick, H. Tiersten","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1989.67015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1989.67015","url":null,"abstract":"The normal acceleration sensitivity of contoured quartz resonators with the plate extending slightly beyond simple rectangular supports is analyzed. The biasing deformation fields are calculated by means of a novel variational approximation procedure that employs the variational principle with all natural conditions for anisotropic static flexure. The accompanying strains varying quadratically through the thickness are then determined recursively from the plate shearing stress resultants. The calculated biasing deformation fields are employed in an existing perturbation equation along with the equivalent trapped-energy mode shapes for the contoured resonator to calculate the normal acceleration sensitivities. Results are presented for a range of orientations and aspect ratios of the rectangular support configuration for both the AT and SC cuts.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":89469,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"26 1","pages":"393-400 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76355221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cavitation-controlled ultrasonic agitator","authors":"S. Sheen, W. Lawrence, A. C. Raptis","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1989.67065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1989.67065","url":null,"abstract":"An ultrasonic agitator has been designed for application in a confined area with a high-temperature, high-pressure, and corrosive environment. Control of this agitator is based on the detection of noise levels and subharmonics produced during cavitation and streaming. Noise signatures of agitation in different liquids and in liquids with particles are determined and discussed. The potential applications of this agitator are in a fluid-mixing device, a homogenizer during crystallization, a cavitation sensor, an acoustic streaming indicator, a fluid-characterization device, and a local liquid-solid heat-transfer enhancer.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":89469,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"21 1","pages":"653-656 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80360281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ultrasonic scanning, imaging and recognition of bottles","authors":"R. Breeuwer","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1989.67061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1989.67061","url":null,"abstract":"A compact machine has been developed to take in returnable bottles. Using ultrasonics, it recognizes up to 150 different bottles. A teaching facility allows store personnel to add new types of bottles to the reference set. The ultrasonic system operates in air and employs a strongly focussing parabolic acoustical mirror in combination with a linear array of three transducers to image the bottle. To reduce artifact, phase-insensitive detection is incorporated. Automatic calibration helps to achieve the relatively high accuracy required. Dedicated recognition software attempts to match the present bottle to one in the reference set. The ultrasonic system and recognition software are discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":89469,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"42 1","pages":"635-638 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86548860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Local domain inversion in ferroelectric crystals and its application to piezoelectric devices","authors":"K. Nakamura, H. Shimizu","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1989.67000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1989.67000","url":null,"abstract":"The authors report local domain-inversion phenomena in LiNbO/sub 3/ and LiTaO/sub 3/ plates and discuss applications of antipolarity domains to various piezoelectric devices. Ferroelectric local domain inversion takes place in LiNbO/sub 3/ during the Ti diffusion process at around 1000 degrees C, depending on the conditions. Similar domain inversion is caused by proton exchange followed by heat treatment, or even by heat treatment alone at higher temperatures. These domain-inversion phenomena can be caused in local region of plates without applying electric fields. The resulting domains have a reversed polar crystal axis and therefore have various constants opposite in sign to those in the original crystal. Applications described include bending vibrators and hysteresis-tree actuators, VHF and UHF ultrasonic transducers, and surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":89469,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"309-318 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88161152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A design of ultrasonic transducers with curved back-electrodes","authors":"G. Du, J. Wu","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1989.67078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1989.67078","url":null,"abstract":"A design of ultrasonic transducers with curved back-electrodes is discussed. The theoretical principle of the design, which is based on electromagnetic theory, is quite general. A sufficient condition for producing a Gaussian beam is that the axial velocity distribution on the transducer surface is a Gaussian one. The transducer material is piezoelectric; the axial compressional oscillation is caused by the axial component of an applied electric field. The problem is that the required distribution of the electric field along the axial direction should be Gaussian. This can be achieved by using a curved dielectric back-electrode, whose shape can be determined by electromagnetic theory. The experimental results show that the sound fields generated by the Gaussian transducers fabricated based on the design agree well with the theoretical predictions.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":89469,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"9 1","pages":"709-711 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83646769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Differential phase contrast acoustic microscopy","authors":"H. Routh, T. Pusateri, M. Nikoonahad","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1989.67101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1989.67101","url":null,"abstract":"The acoustic counterpart of the Nomarski differential-phase optical microscope is described and demonstrated at 50 MHz. A phase sensitivity of 190 mV/degree with a noise floor at 10 mV in a 1 kHz bandwidth was measured for this instrument. This suggests that the minimum measurable height with this system is 22 AA. A variety of images obtained from metal surfaces and composite materials is presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":89469,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"112 1","pages":"817-820 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86761644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}