{"title":"Restoring Order: The École des Chartes and the Organization of Archives and Libraries in France, 1820-1870 (review)","authors":"Christopher Jacobs","doi":"10.1353/LAC.0.0076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/LAC.0.0076","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89436,"journal":{"name":"Libraries & the cultural record","volume":"44 1","pages":"382 - 383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/LAC.0.0076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66772463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Popular History and the Literary Marketplace (review)","authors":"Patrick M. Valentine","doi":"10.1353/LAC.0.0084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/LAC.0.0084","url":null,"abstract":"Summit begins with a central metaphor: memory is a library (1). This is not a new concept but one deeply embedded in the medieval mindset. Mary Carruthers’s exposition of the medieval understanding of memory as a quasi-physical process that is the seat of human creativity, as set forth in her Book of Memory: A Study of Memory in Medieval Culture (Cambridge University Press, 1990), is used by Summit as a foundational metaphor for her understanding of how a library functions. The collecting, cataloging, and accessibility of books, then, mark a shift from a religious memory to a national memory, which also characterized the shift from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. Like Elizabeth Eisenstein’s books on the move from a manuscript book technology to the printing press (including The Printing Press as an Agent of Change: Communications and Cultural Transformations in Early Modern Europe, Cambridge University Press, 1979), Summit’s work, it seems to me, has equally important applications to the current debates about the future of libraries. The implication is that simply collecting information and making it available is not enough. Collecting with an evaluative eye and providing the means to access that information have the power to create a discourse. That is the difference between the Web and a library, and Summit’s book makes this clear. So what happened to all those books from the monastic libraries in England? Today we would say that they were “reimagineered” into libraries of national memory to serve England rather than the church. Summit contends that they transformed the discourse on medieval topics and continue to provide this service today.","PeriodicalId":89436,"journal":{"name":"Libraries & the cultural record","volume":"39 1","pages":"388 - 389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/LAC.0.0084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66772884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"America's Membership Libraries (review)","authors":"William F. Meehan","doi":"10.1353/LAC.0.0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/LAC.0.0082","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89436,"journal":{"name":"Libraries & the cultural record","volume":"5 1","pages":"384 - 385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/LAC.0.0082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66773138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"\"How Can We Fail?\": The Texas State Library's Traveling Libraries and Bookmobiles, 1916–1966","authors":"J. Cummings","doi":"10.1353/LAC.0.0080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/LAC.0.0080","url":null,"abstract":"The Texas State Library's multicounty bookmobile program and its earlier \"traveling libraries\" program had similar missions: to reach rural Texans deprived of proper library service. In both programs librarians faced inadequate funding and the daunting task of sending books over the vast distances of the Lone Star State. Ultimately, Texas's traveling libraries and bookmobiles introduced the pleasure of reading to families in the state's isolated farms and ranches and garnered support for today's county libraries.","PeriodicalId":89436,"journal":{"name":"Libraries & the cultural record","volume":"44 1","pages":"299 - 325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/LAC.0.0080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66772663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"American Architects and Their Books, 1840-1915 (review)","authors":"David Bosse","doi":"10.1353/lac.0.0077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lac.0.0077","url":null,"abstract":"instead of a computer. Second, there is a main room, rather old-fashioned, in which the visitor is surrounded by books on shelves. Third, there is the quiet environment and almost family-like friendliness of the staff” (59–60). A similar mood prevails at the other fifteen libraries profiled. To conserve its distinctive charm, the Boston Athenaeum relies on conspicuous signage: “Please preserve the silence of this room” and “Here remains a retreat for those who would enjoy the humanity of books” (86). Membership libraries might remain quietly anonymous, but the Providence Athenaeum gained some notoriety in 2005, when, facing fiscal challenges, the organization’s directors made the highly contentious decision to sell the library’s copy of John J. Audubon’s Birds of America. A few members sued, and three years later, after the Rhode Island Supreme Court ruled for the athenaeum, the colorplate treasure was auctioned for $5 million. The directors’ decision remains a topic of discussion in special collections ethics, but it also underscores the fact that the country’s twenty-one membership libraries, which exist quietly in the shadows of municipal libraries and rely on membership dues, fundraising, and endowment income, face “the constant need for funding” (239). The membership libraries have in common an important feature: “All of them,” Wendorf writes, “have played a significant role in the intellectual and cultural life of their communities” (11). Resisting change for the sake of change, they have hewn to their original missions and, like the New York Society Library, have tried to blend “tradition and wise innovation” (65). The atmosphere in today’s public and academic libraries might be disheartening to some, but readers and learners seeking knowledge in a convivial environment can turn to the local membership library, if their town is fortunate enough to offer one. This volume is a welcome addition to library literature, and it will be appreciated by scholars as well as by librarians and general readers with an interest in American cultural and social history.","PeriodicalId":89436,"journal":{"name":"Libraries & the cultural record","volume":"44 1","pages":"385 - 387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/lac.0.0077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66772572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beyond the Archives: Research as a Lived Process (review)","authors":"Mildred L. Jackson","doi":"10.1353/LAC.0.0089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/LAC.0.0089","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89436,"journal":{"name":"Libraries & the cultural record","volume":"44 1","pages":"391 - 392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/LAC.0.0089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66773471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Women Professionals in Documentation in France during the 1930s","authors":"Sylvie Fayet-Scribe, Michael Buckland","doi":"10.1353/LAC.0.0067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/LAC.0.0067","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the roles of five women activists who helped transform librarianship in France away from a profession of male archivists. Heirs to the nineteenth-century movement promoting education by encouraging the use of books, they were all activists within Catholic or secular traditions. They knew the ideas of Paul Otlet (1868–1944), and some of them were influenced by American library developments. Suzanne Briet (1894–1989) created reference service at the national library. Louise-Noëlle Malclès (1899–1977) pioneered reference and bibliography at the Sorbonne. Yvonne Oddon (1902–82) developed a major museum library. Myriem Foncin (1893–1976) advanced map librarianship. Georgette de Grolier pioneered public library outreach. They changed attitudes, wrote influentially, and advanced professional education.","PeriodicalId":89436,"journal":{"name":"Libraries & the cultural record","volume":"44 1","pages":"201 - 219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/LAC.0.0067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66771931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Highly Subjective: The Librarianship of Winifred Sewell","authors":"M. Ruffner, Emily J. Glenn","doi":"10.1353/LAC.0.0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/LAC.0.0065","url":null,"abstract":"This article traces the career of Winifred Sewell, noted medical information professional, from her early days in the pharmaceutical industry through her career at the National Library of Medicine and her later years of consultancy, research, and teaching. In addition to her known contributions to major bibliographic tools and publications, including Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), Sewell’s overarching vision of effective librarianship is highlighted. Her commitment to the importance of the subjective understanding of patron information needs is illustrated by examples from her life, her papers, and the perspectives of colleagues and students.","PeriodicalId":89436,"journal":{"name":"Libraries & the cultural record","volume":"44 1","pages":"256 - 275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/LAC.0.0065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66771864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vivian Harsh, Adult Education, and the Library’s Role as Community Center","authors":"L. Burt","doi":"10.1353/LAC.0.0071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/LAC.0.0071","url":null,"abstract":"Vivian Harsh, director of the Hall Library in Chicago from 1932 to 1958, took a pioneering approach toward adult education and the library’s role as community center. Harsh incorporated her active African American community into her library’s educational and social planning, taking advantage of the library’s location in Bronzeville, her extensive social ties, and the Chicago Black Renaissance to get her patrons involved. Harsh’s work is more remarkable because of the vivid contrasts between her successful approach to library science and that of other librarians of her time period.","PeriodicalId":89436,"journal":{"name":"Libraries & the cultural record","volume":"44 1","pages":"234 - 255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/LAC.0.0071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66772478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Eye Prophetic: Julia Pettee","authors":"Christopher H. Walker, Ann W. Copeland","doi":"10.1353/LAC.0.0069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/LAC.0.0069","url":null,"abstract":"Julia Pettee, best known for devising the Union Theological Seminary classification system while head cataloger for thirty years at that library, was a pioneer in the field of cataloging codes, classification, and subject theory. She was a strong advocate of specialized tools for special collections, and her writings encouraged other librarians to consider whether the large-scale systems then in the process of development (Cutter Expansive, Dewey, Bliss, and the Library of Congress system) really suited the needs of their patron communities. She recast the universe of knowledge from the point of view of the theologian for a classification system adopted by more than fifty libraries, and her extensive writings and publications contributed greatly to the formulation of the modern academic library catalog. The article examines Pettee’s most important writings and speeches, identifies the principles of cataloging and classification she championed, and surveys contemporary standards to trace her continuing influence in current practice and theory.","PeriodicalId":89436,"journal":{"name":"Libraries & the cultural record","volume":"44 1","pages":"162 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/LAC.0.0069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66771912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}