Smart structures and materials. Nondestructive evaluation for health monitoring and diagnostics最新文献

{"title":"An energy-based model for both rate-dependent and rate-independent hysteretic effects in uniaxially-loaded dielectric elastomer actuators","authors":"Johannes Prechtl, Felix Scherf, J. Kunze, K. Flaßkamp, G. Rizzello","doi":"10.1117/12.2657685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2657685","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely known that dielectric elastomer (DE) material exhibits a strongly rate-dependent hysteresis in their stress-stretch response. It is experimentally observed, however, that the hysteresis of some DE materials (e.g., silicone) behaves as practically rate-independent when operating in the sub-Hz range. Despite this fact, the investigation and modeling of rate-independent hysteretic effects in DEs has received much less attention in the literature, compared to the rate-dependent ones. In this paper, we propose a new lumped-parameter dynamic model capable of describing a stress-stretch DE hysteresis with both rate-dependent and rate-independent effects. The model is grounded on a physics-based approach, combining classic thermodynamically-consistent modeling of DE large deformations and electro-mechanical coupling with a new energy-based Maxwell-Lion description of the hysteretic process. After presenting the theory, the model is validated by means of experiments conducted on silicone-based rolled DE actuators.","PeriodicalId":89272,"journal":{"name":"Smart structures and materials. Nondestructive evaluation for health monitoring and diagnostics","volume":"49 1","pages":"124820Q - 124820Q-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89978707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vibration control of a two-story base-isolated building using a new tuned mass multi-sliding friction damper","authors":"M. Amjadian, Syed Muhammad Bilal Haider","doi":"10.1117/12.2661140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2661140","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the use of a new Tuned Mass Multi-Sliding Friction Damper (TMMSFD) to increase the damping capacity of seismic isolators installed on a two-story base-isolated building to limit their lateral deformations. The proposed TMMSFD consists of a set of several masses that are laterally attached to the superstructure floor through linear springs. These masses are placed on top of each other one by one and are allowed to slide with respect to each other during the earthquake. The bottom mass that carries the weight of upper masses is in contact with the superstructure floor. The damping of system is supplied by the friction generated along the sliding friction surfaces. The TMMSFD has a low cost of installation, operation, and maintenance compared to common TMDs that use viscous fluid dampers for energy dissipation. The mechanical model of TMMSFD is installed on the numerical model of a two-story base-isolated building equipped with elastomeric rubber bearings in order to evaluate its performance in limiting the displacement of base floor. These models are created by the OpenSEESPy package which is a Python 3 interpreter of OpenSEES. A parametric study is performed to obtain the optimum design parameters of the TMMSFD including its total mass, frequency, and static friction coefficients of the siding surfaces for energy dissipation. The results of time-history analysis of numerical model show that the TMMSFD is capable of limiting the displacement of base floor with a little amount of friction implying its potential as a cost-effective tool for seismic protection.","PeriodicalId":89272,"journal":{"name":"Smart structures and materials. Nondestructive evaluation for health monitoring and diagnostics","volume":"58 1","pages":"1248318 - 1248318-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88045209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical reservoir-based structural health monitoring: a preliminary study","authors":"A. Masuda, Konosuke Takashima, Ryu Sakai","doi":"10.1117/12.2658742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2658742","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to discuss the possibility of the concept of physical reservoir computing (PRC) in the field of structural health monitoring (SHM). PRC is a physical realization of a class of recurrent neural networks called reservoir computing (RC). This consists of an input layer, mutually connected network of neurons with strong nonlinearity with fixed coupling weights (referred to as reservoir), and an output layer with learnable weights. The key idea of PRC is to replace the reservoir part in RC by a specific physical entity, which has opened new possibilities of smart structures by providing a way to embed some sort of intelligence in structures. In this study, we propose to apply this framework to SHM by regarding the target structure itself as the physical reservoir. Unlike the conventional problem setting in PRC, our purpose is to detect the change occurred in the physical reservoir due to structural failure. In this paper, we propose one possible methodology to achieve this, in which the output layer is trained to learn some nonlinear function so that the increase of the error may indicate the change of the reservoir due to failure. A simple toy problem using a network of interconnected nonlinear oscillators are presented to examine the validity of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":89272,"journal":{"name":"Smart structures and materials. Nondestructive evaluation for health monitoring and diagnostics","volume":"23 1","pages":"1248311 - 1248311-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80126701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of a dynamic active/passive noise cancellation of polyborosiloxane thin membrane gel","authors":"Konstantinos Myronidis, G. M. Malfense Fierro, M. Meo, F. Pinto","doi":"10.1117/12.2660857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2660857","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes a multifunctional, thin membrane gel based on a formulation of PDMS and boron. The proposed gel offers a dynamic passive stimuli-responsive sound absorption at low frequencies, which can be transformed to active noise cancellation with the use of a secondary sound source. The passive behaviour of the proposed material is the result of a dynamic phase transition in the material’s polymeric network, activated by the interaction with the travelling sound pressure wave. The presence and extent of the phase transition in the material was investigated via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and oscillatory rheological measurements, where it was found that the amount of boron in the gel has a crucial role on the occurrence of the phase transition and consequently on its acoustic performance. The passive scenario results revealed a high and dynamic absorption of approximately 80% at the absorption coefficient peaks, which dynamically shifted to lower frequencies while sound amplitudes were increased. The active noise cancellation was successfully demonstrated at the lower frequencies range, as the occurrence of the phase transition was actively controlled via the sound pressure wave introduced. The aforementioned phase transition was intensified, with energy consumed in this process, resulting in a dynamic noise cancellation. These results demonstrated that the proposed gel membrane material can be used to develop active/passive deep subwavelength absorbers with unique properties, which can dynamically tune their performance in response to external stimuli, and that can be further controlled/activated with the use of mechanical transducers.","PeriodicalId":89272,"journal":{"name":"Smart structures and materials. Nondestructive evaluation for health monitoring and diagnostics","volume":"28 1","pages":"124831H - 124831H-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83498243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of semi-active damping strategies for magnetorheological sandwich beams","authors":"C. Vazquez, J. Ortega, Jeffrey L. Kauffman","doi":"10.1117/12.2657481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2657481","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to measure the free-decay dynamics of a magnetorheological (MR) sandwich beam when influenced by a semi-active magnetic field and comparing the resulting damping performance to those of baseline fields. The research effort involved an experiment where the beam freely decayed while in a magnetic field that influences the MR sandwich beam, altering its damping performance. In addition to baseline cases of no magnetic field or a constant field, the electromagnet also had a field that would shut off after a set time and a field that would switch between a high and low field strength at a certain frequency. These results were also recreated numerically, which required an experimental modal analysis to gather certain material property data. The experimental findings showed little variation in the damping performance regardless of the magnetic field used, while the numerical analysis indicate that the magnetic fields would quicken damping, but only slightly. The results suggest that improvements to the sandwich beam structure may yield the greatest improvement in MR-fluid-based damping performance.","PeriodicalId":89272,"journal":{"name":"Smart structures and materials. Nondestructive evaluation for health monitoring and diagnostics","volume":"76 1","pages":"1248313 - 1248313-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86167673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hardware implementation of nonstationary structural dynamics forecasting","authors":"Puja Chowdhury, Austin Downey, J. Bakos, S. Laflamme, Chao Hu","doi":"10.1117/12.2658036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2658036","url":null,"abstract":"High-rate time series forecasting has applications in the domain of high-rate structural health monitoring and control. Hypersonic vehicles and space infrastructure are examples of structural systems that would benefit from time series forecasting on temporal data, including oscillations of control surfaces or structural response to an impact. This paper reports on the development of a software-hardware methodology for the deterministic and low-latency time series forecasting of structural vibrations. The proposed methodology is a software-hardware co-design of a fast Fourier transform (FFT) approach to time series forecasting. The FFT-based technique is implemented in a variable-length sequence configuration. The data is first de-trended, after which the time series data is translated to the frequency domain, and frequency, amplitude, and phase measurements are acquired. Next, a subset of frequency components is collected, translated back to the time domain, recombined, and the data's trend is recovered. Finally, the recombined signals are propagated into the future to the chosen forecasting horizon. The developed methodology achieves fully deterministic timing by being implemented on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The developed methodology is experimentally validated on a Kintex-7 70T FPGA using structural vibration data obtained from a test structure with varying levels of nonstationarities. Results demonstrate that the system is capable of forecasting time series data 1 millisecond into the future. Four data acquisition sampling rates from 128 to 25600 S/s are investigated and compared. Results show that for the current hardware (Kintex-7 70T), only data sampled at 512 S/s is viable for real-time time series forecasting with a total system latency of 39.05 μs in restoring signal. In totality, this research showed that for the considered FFT-based time series algorithm the fine-tuning of hyperparameters for a specific sampling rate means that the usefulness of the algorithm is limited to a signal that does not shift considerably from the frequency information of the original signal. FPGA resource utilization, timing constraints of various aspects of the methodology, and the algorithm accuracy and limitations concerning different data are discussed.","PeriodicalId":89272,"journal":{"name":"Smart structures and materials. Nondestructive evaluation for health monitoring and diagnostics","volume":"24 1","pages":"1248316 - 1248316-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75337392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wave propagation study in metamaterial sandwich structure with periodically inserted hourglass resonators","authors":"Vivek Gupta, Amanpreet Singh, B. Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1117/12.2658496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2658496","url":null,"abstract":"Low-frequency bandgaps are generally achieved by using locally resonant metamaterials at much higher wavelengths than the lattice constant. However, it remains a challenge to control wave propagation and vibration in these structures due to the limited number of conventional options available as periodic unit cell arrangements. This work investigates the band structure of flexural waves in a metamaterial sandwich beam with an hourglass lattice core using the transfer matrix method. The double dome-shaped hourglass unit cell is modelled with different non-dimensional geometric ratios. A sandwiched metamaterial beam model is then established using a periodic finite hourglass array, considered under the flexural wave propagation. The complete hourglass sandwiched system is further studied to obtain the bandgaps corresponding to the microstructure of the hourglass which is varied in the frequency domain. Subsequently, parametric analysis is performed using some specific non-dimensional geometric parameters that are found to be sensitive towards tailoring the mechanical properties of such unit cells. This study builds a foundation for modelling lightweight hourglass lattice sandwich beams with complex dome shape structures and presents guidelines for designing sandwich beams to control wave propagation.","PeriodicalId":89272,"journal":{"name":"Smart structures and materials. Nondestructive evaluation for health monitoring and diagnostics","volume":"7 1","pages":"1248309 - 1248309-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80270095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meso-scale energy harvester: a comparison between MEMS and micromachined designs","authors":"Guilherme C. Miron, D. Braga, J. Cordioli","doi":"10.1117/12.2657520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2657520","url":null,"abstract":"With smaller, cheaper, and more energy-efficient electrical components, energy harvesting systems have been a more attractive source of energy supply for wireless sensors, transducers, and other devices. One great example of mostly unused energy is the vibration of industrial machines. Along with the rise of predictive maintenance, more wireless sensors have been used to monitor those machines. Where the vibration energy present in those machines can be used to extend the sensor’s life constrained by the battery. This work presents two fabrication approaches to design these devices using the piezoelectric principle: MEMS fabrication and micro-machined devices. MEMS are widely investigated for harvesting purposes for their capability of building complex microscale structures (< 0.1 cm3). However, it can be difficult to designing MEMS energy harvesting systems for the low frequency range (40 Hz to 200 Hz), which is the operating range for standard industrial machines. The adapted micro-machined harvesters from off-the-shelf piezoelectric components mostly used in macro-scale applications (> 10 cm3), can be an alternative in this situation. Numerical models were developed to simulate the dynamic behavior of the piezoelectric device and used as input for design optimization. The models were improved using a differential evolution algorithm optimizing in terms of the Normalized Power Density (NPD) and Mechanical stress. In order to validate these models, prototypes were built ns tested, with the results compared considering the NPD and frequency bandwidth. The optimization process raised key design aspects of meso-scale low-frequency piezoelectric devices, including stress limits of thin-film piezoelectric and fabrication complexity, Overall, these aspects suggest that there is an advantage of micro-machined designs over MEMS devices for these applications.","PeriodicalId":89272,"journal":{"name":"Smart structures and materials. Nondestructive evaluation for health monitoring and diagnostics","volume":"7 1","pages":"124831O - 124831O-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82685712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-propelled two-dimensional rotary piezoelectric plate actuator","authors":"Sz-Rung Lai, Y. Hsu, Chih-Kung Lee","doi":"10.1117/12.2657664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2657664","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to develop a self-propelled, two-dimensional rotary piezoelectric plate actuator driven by a superposition of bending modes. It is achieved by generating two opposite-direction traveling waves on a thin rectangular plate. The structure design of this rotational actuator was simple and a cost-effective. The structure was composed of a 50mm*41mm*0.5mm stainless steel plate and two 50mm*20mm*0.2mm piezoelectric PZTs sheets attached to its surface. The boundary conditions were simply supported in the x-direction and free ends in the y-direction. To generate traveling waves in opposite directions in the x and y directions, mode 12, mode 21, and mode 22 bending modes were chosen using a multi-integer frequency, two-mode driving method (MIF-TM). An analytical solution was derived to optimize the driving efficiency. The Hilbert transform is also applied to identify the optimal driving parameters. It is demonstrated that traveling waves in opposite directions can be generated. Mathematical modeling and experimental studies are both detailed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":89272,"journal":{"name":"Smart structures and materials. Nondestructive evaluation for health monitoring and diagnostics","volume":"1 1","pages":"124831M - 124831M-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87811180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piezoelectric-array-based MISO diagnostic system for CNN-condition monitoring of bearing/gearbox instruments","authors":"Y. Lo, Y. Chiu, W. T. Liu, Y. C. Shu","doi":"10.1117/12.2657942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2657942","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a novel MISO (multi-input-single-output) diagnostic system suitable for spatial condition monitoring of bearing/gearbox instruments with multi-location defects. The sensor array consists of three piezoelectric patches: one is attached to the surface of the bearing house and the other two connected in parallel are mounted on the wall of the planetary gear. These two sets of patches are electrically connected in series for sensing the fault signals whose sources of anomalies come from either the bearing or the gear. They offer an advantage of allowing a single voltage output from multiple inputs. In addition, two inductances are connected to the sensor array to form LC resonant circuits for filtering the irrelevant noise at high frequency. A convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier is trained by 12x150 FFT spectrums. The result from the testing data with 12x10 FFT spectrums shows that the average accuracy is achieved to be as high as 92:5%, confirming the soundness of the proposed model.","PeriodicalId":89272,"journal":{"name":"Smart structures and materials. Nondestructive evaluation for health monitoring and diagnostics","volume":"15 1","pages":"1248314 - 1248314-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86381641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}