Journal of forensic dental sciences最新文献

{"title":"Osseous Microanatomy and Histochemical Characterization in Species, Gender Determination and Age Estimation","authors":"Himani Grover, N. Gulati, S. Juneja, D. Shetty","doi":"10.18311/jfds/12/3/2020.574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jfds/12/3/2020.574","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bone is a tissue of particular interest, because the hard tissue of the skeleton is normally well preserved and details of microscopic structure can be seen in specimens many centuries old. The microscopic structure of bone can be utilized for identification of unknown bone samples in forensic odontology. Physical anthropologists may encounter complete or fragmentary specimens of bone in which standard anthropometric methods provide inconclusive or questionable information. If the histological structure of such material could reveal, with reasonable accuracy, details of species, age, and gender, it would be a useful and valuable laboratory tool. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections from biopsied lesions (5 cases each of goat bone, 5 cases of chicken bone specimen, 5 cases of human male bone specimen, 5 cases of human female bone specimen) was done. The variation of the trabeculae by measuring the average width of trabeculae, the average marrow space, and the ratio of the above two through morphometric analysis was assessed. The observational percentage variation amongst the species by number of osteons, osteocytes shape i.e., -spindle, elliptical and round, presence of inflammation was noted. The stroma and hard tissue for Collagen characterization (Special stains)Type, orientation and maturity using Picrosirus stain, Sub intimal fibrosis surrounding the bone using Van Gieson, Percentage of mature and immature bone pattern using Azan stain was analyzed. Result: Chicken bone shows absence of osteons in comparison to human bone with increased number of osteocytes. Goat bone shows plexiform pattern with scattered haversian canals more comparable to human bone architecture. Average human Haversian canal diameter was greater than non-human mammalian species. Azan staining helped in differentiation of mature from immature bone. Picrosirus staining helped in establishing collagen type, orientation and thickness. Sub intimal fibrosis surrounding the bone was checked using Van Gieson staining. Discussion: The complexities of bone tissue and its growth processes are such that misinterpretations of a critical nature can be made if the observer is not well informed on the multitude of basic details dealing with Osteogenesis, remodelling, and comparative histology. Conclusion: Bone histomorphological assessment is an effective method for species identification, gender determination and age estimation by fragmentary osseous remains.","PeriodicalId":89172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic dental sciences","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85795300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tooth as a Source of DNA in Forensic or Investigative Genetics: An Overview","authors":"Nandini D. B., Juniya Grace Joji","doi":"10.18311/jfds/12/3/2020.617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jfds/12/3/2020.617","url":null,"abstract":"Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the genetic code of most organisms including humans. In the last few years, DNA analysis methods are applied to forensic cases for human identification which is termed forensic or investigative genetics. It is often challenging to obtain and interpret DNA from routine samples like blood in severely decomposed or disfigured bodies recovered from incineration, immersion, trauma, mutilation, and decomposition as in incidents of fire, explosion, or murder. The tooth can survive any extreme environment with minimum risk of contamination making it a valuable alternative source of DNA in such cases. Tooth structures like the enamel (amelogenin protein), dentin, cementum, pulp, and adherent tissues like bone and periodontal fibers are sources from which DNA can be obtained. Various methods have been described for DNA extraction. There are numerous applications of DNA analysis like identification of the deceased or missing victim or the unknown culprit from a crime scene, solving paternity issues, determining the occurrence of any genetic disease, and determining the ancestry. This article briefly summarizes an overview of the tooth as a valuable DNA source and various methods and challenges related to DNA analysis.","PeriodicalId":89172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic dental sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83171526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mandibular Ramus: An Indicator of Gender and Chronological Age - A Digital Radiographic Study","authors":"D. B. Meleveetil, V. Beena, Latha Mary Cheriyan, K. Angamuthu, Bibina Charapparambath","doi":"10.18311/jfds/12/3/2020.567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jfds/12/3/2020.567","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The determination of sex and age of individual is important in forensic practice and medico legal purposes. Mandible may play a vital role in sex estimation as it is the most dimorphic bone of skull that often is recovered intact. The present study was conducted to evaluate the reliability of mandibular measurements in gender determination and age estimation as seen on digital panoramic radiographs. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare seven parameters of the mandibular ramus obtained from digital orthopantomographs, and to assess the usefulness of these parameters as aids in gender and age estimation. The objectives were: 1. To assess:-Maximum ramus breadth in mm, Minimum ramus width in mm, Projective height of ramus in mm, Maximum height of the ramus in mm, Maximum coronoid height in mm, Gonial width in mm and Bigonial angle in degrees, 2. To correlate each of these seven variables with the age of the patient, and 3. To compare these seven parameters between males and females. Materials and Methods: OPGs of 500 patients satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria selected from the Dept. of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Govt. Dental College, Kottayam, were being studied. Permission from the concerned departments was taken. The measurements were made on this radiograph using GIMP 2.8 Software. Results: All the parameters were found to show statistically significant difference between males and females. After performing logistic regression, an equation was formulated to determine gender from the parameters that were statistically significant in regression analysis. The cut off was set at 0.5. Values above the cut off value were interpreted as males and values below the cut off were interpreted as females. The overall accuracy of sex determination at this cut off value from this method was 73.9%. Significant correlation was not noted between the mandibular parameters and age of the individual. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the mandibular ramus can be considered as a valuable tool in gender estimation since it possesses resistance to damage and disintegration processes. Nevertheless, the age of the individual cannot be determined using this method.","PeriodicalId":89172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic dental sciences","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79344256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Denture Labelling as an Identification Tool in Forensic Medicine: A Case Report","authors":"Yashi Garg, Rahul Nagrath, Manesh Lahori","doi":"10.18311/jfds/12/3/2020.561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jfds/12/3/2020.561","url":null,"abstract":"Denture labelling is gaining popularity in geriatric patients particularly for those staying alone or in old age home, especially the ones suffering from dementia or physical vulnerability. Various methods of denture labelling have been proposed by prosthodontists over the years. Prosthodontists are playing an important role in forensic odontology nowadays. This article highlights a method of denture identification marking wherein a patient’s photograph along with his name and emergency contact number is incorporated within the complete denture.","PeriodicalId":89172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic dental sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77096270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance and Maintenance of Dental Records - Are Dentists Aware? A Survey Among Private Dental Practitioners","authors":"Anoli Agrawal, V. Prashanth, A. Dodamani, Shruti Pundkar, Prachi Ray, Asmita Hamand","doi":"10.18311/jfds/12/3/2020.608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jfds/12/3/2020.608","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Forensic expertise, including dental identification and expertise in civil litigation cases related to dental malpractice and injuries mostly count on dental records. Comparison of dental data obtained from the deceased person with dental data obtained by the dentist from the person’s file is a primary method of identification through dental evidence. Material and Methodology: In all, 180 dentists participated in an online survey. Questions covered general information on dentists, maintenance of dental records, and knowledge of legal requirements and forensic odontology. Results: 66.6% of dentists said that they update patient's data on every visit. 86.6% of dentists were aware of the use of Dental records in Forensic Odontology. 89.9% of dentists were not aware of how they should present the data when asked by the legal authority whereas only 10.1% of Dentists were aware of how they are supposed to provide the data. The percentage of dentists who knew how long are they legally mandated to keep patient records showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between Bachelors of Dental Surgery (BDS) and Masters of Dental Surgery (MDS) practitioners. Conclusion: Dentists being aware of forensic odontology, still lack the information about the legal aspects of it. Forensic odontology should be included in the curriculum as a separate subject to improve knowledge at the grassroots level. The focus should also be improved towards raising the awareness among private practitioners regarding the practical aspect of forensic odontology.","PeriodicalId":89172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic dental sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75546031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative Approach by Modifying the Fitting Surface of Prosthesis Used for Individual Identification Post Heat Treatment- SEM Analysis","authors":"S. Tripathi, P. Tripathi","doi":"10.18311/jfds/12/2/2020.613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jfds/12/2/2020.613","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To visualize the surface irregularities and changes after heat treatment on the prosthesis. This was done by Scanning Electron Microscopy. Material and Methods: Eight prosthesis were prepared with modification on the fitting surfaces. The occlusal surface of the tooth to receive the prosthesis was modified and engraved with the initials in the form of identification features. These were heat treated under furnace at temperatures of 500°C, 1000°C and 1500°C after which the scanning was done under Electron Microscope. Results: After heat treatment it was observed that the inner surface of the prosthesis was merely distorted and the details were intact. Analysis of the surface irregularities shows that there are slit surface changes on the occlusal surface at 1000°C and the fitting surface details are well protected. Conclusion: It was identified that after heat treatment at temperatures 1000°C and above some changes started occurring on the fitting surface and the identification features. At these temperatures the whole human body is charred and even the bones start to get destroyed. SEM images give the detailed pictures of the same and that if this method is incorporated in day today dentistry it will be a boom in the forensic identification.","PeriodicalId":89172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic dental sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81700371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To Evaluate the Sensitivity of ABO Antigen Determination from Dental Pulp at Various Temperatures over a Duration of 3 Months - A Diagnostic Study","authors":"Humaira Nazir, Jyothi Mahadesh, B. Laxmidevi, P. Gopinathan, Ananjan Chatterjee, P. L","doi":"10.18311/jfds/12/2/2020.612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jfds/12/2/2020.612","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Every individual either living or dead has an unique identity as per theory of uniqueness. Medico legal examination recognizes the blood group as an unique indicator as it remains unchanged, forensic study uses teeth as the unique biological indicator, as they are the least destructible part of the body.. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy in retrieving ABO blood group antigens from pulp tissue at various temperatures like freezing temperature, 100°C and 200°C with room temperature being the baseline for the study and at various time intervals (same day, 14th, 30th and 90th day) post extraction by adsorption –elution method. Materials and Methods: A diagnostic study of 80 cases was included which involved extraction procedures under local anesthesia following the aseptic protocol. Sterile cotton/gauze was compressed in the socket and later the blood collected from it served as a control group for the study. The extracted teeth were washed and kept, stored in numbered bottles for different time periods after being subjected to different degrees of temperatures i.e. at room temperature, freezing temperature, 100°C and 200°C for 60mins respectively. Results: Goodman Kruskal Gamma test was used for statistical analysis to obtain the correlation between blood groups at different temperatures. After analyzing the ABO antigen for sensitivity at various degree of temperature over different time intervals it was found that at freezing temperature and room temperature, antigens can be assessed , while at higher temperatures it is difficult to appreciate. Conclusion: Adsorption-Elution technique can be used as a reliable tool for determination of ABO blood group from the dental pulp of deceased person.","PeriodicalId":89172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic dental sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81605486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creating Awareness Regarding Forensic Odontology Among Non-Forensic Persons for Successful Dental Identifications","authors":"H. Pandey, E. Nuzzolese","doi":"10.18311/jfds/12/2/2020.579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jfds/12/2/2020.579","url":null,"abstract":"Visual Identification by next of kin is the most common method of identifying unknown bodies in India. However, this technique is unscientific and unreliable, especially if the remains recovered are decomposing, skeletonized, charred, mutilated, saponified. Primary identifiers recommended by higher authorities for scientific identification of unknown bodies include comparison of fingerprints, DNA, odontology or unique medical records such as implants. Forensic Odontology has played a major role in identifying victims of mass disasters around the world, and few examples of successful application of dental data in DVI situations include the South Asian Tsunami, 2004, Black Saturday bushfires, 2009, Australia, Christchurch earthquake, 2011, etc. However, the application of forensic odontology for positive identifications is extremely limited. A major reason for this is the unavailability and inaccessibility to quality dental records and ante mortem data. To improve the collection of ante mortem data, it is urgent that we create awareness among local on-ground investigating agencies, and stakeholders. For this purpose, an awareness campaign iDENTifyme from the University of Turin, Italy was launched in India in local languages, and has since successfully assisted in collection of ante mortem data for positive identification.","PeriodicalId":89172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic dental sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86214362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Dermatoglyphic Patterns with DMFT Score, Salivary pH and Plaque Index Score: An In-Vivo Study","authors":"P. Saxena, M. Bhatnagar, Ria Bansal, P. Yadav, Chinkita Chaudhary, Manisha, M. Mehendiratta","doi":"10.18311/jfds/12/2/2020.610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jfds/12/2/2020.610","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dental caries, although of infectious origin along with its multiple predisposing factors, may have a genetic predisposition. This study was executed to evaluate the association of dermatoglyphics as a genetic predictor of the susceptibility of participants to acquire dental caries considering environmental factors such as salivary pH, Decayed, Missing and Filled Permanent (DMFT) Score and Plaque Index Score. Methods: 531 student volunteers of a dental college were included in the study. Thumbprint patterns of the thumbs of their respective dominant hands were analyzed. DMFT Index, Plaque Index Score and Salivary pH for each subject was recorded. Statistical analysis was executed using nonparametric chi-square tests, correlation coefficients and measures of central tendencies. Results: The predominant thumbprint pattern seen was loop type followed by whorl and arch type with 52%, 31% and 17% of occurrence and a salivary pH of 7, 5 and 6 respectively. The Chi-Square tests concluded that whorl type of thumbprints show association with increased DMFT score. Mean and median plaque index score was considerably higher in the individuals with a whorl type of thumbprint. Conclusion: There was distinct association between pattern of thumbprints and prevalence of dental caries. Whorl type thumbprint could prove itself as a genetic predictor towards increased caries incidence.","PeriodicalId":89172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic dental sciences","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89035610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Covid 19 – A Forensic Odontologist Perspective","authors":"M. Prabhakar, P. Murali, B. Sivapathasundharam","doi":"10.18311/jfds/12/2/2020.614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jfds/12/2/2020.614","url":null,"abstract":"Investigations related to forensic odontology involves handling of antemortem as well as postmortem dental records. In case of any identification process, forensic odontologists may end up in exposing these dental related records. Exposure to any biological remains, and its related surfaces or objects at the scene, during this pandemic situation, puts any forensic professional at risk towards COVID-19. A detailed description on the risk involved during dental identification and autopsy procedures, and the knowledge about the precautionary measures which have to be exercised, makes the forensic team to carry forth the work cautiously without any perplexity or doubt.","PeriodicalId":89172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic dental sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76303077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}