Bulletin for the history of chemistry最新文献

History of Chemistry in the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). 国家糖尿病、消化和肾脏疾病研究所(NIDDK)的化学史。

Bulletin for the history of chemistry Pub Date : 2014-01-01

Kenneth L Kirk, Kenneth A Jacobson

{"title":"History of Chemistry in the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).","authors":"Kenneth L Kirk, Kenneth A Jacobson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The origins of the Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, NIH can be traced to events that occurred in the early 20th century. From its beginning to the present, as the laboratory evolved through several organizational changes, many important historical contributions to organic chemistry and biochemistry were made. For example, its early precursor, the Division of Chemistry of the Hygienic Laboratory, was assigned the responsibility of safeguarding public health by analyzing environmental and other chemical risks. This review will trace important developments from the early twentieth century to the present. The topics covered in this review include a historical synopsis, early work on receptors, carbohydrates, heterocycles and nucleotides, with specific emphasis on frog skin alkaloids, the NIH shift (a transfer of an aromatic hydrogen atom to a neighboring ring position during ring hydroxylation, important in the biochemical processing of aromatic substrates), the methionine-specific cleavage of proteins using cyanogen bromide (used commercially and in peptide research) as well as other fundamental contributions. Ongoing research in medicinal chemistry, natural products, biochemistry, vaccines and pharmacology, some leading to clinical applications, will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":89104,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin for the history of chemistry","volume":"39 2","pages":"150-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4581437/pdf/nihms666646.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34039598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How an Anglo-American methodology took root in France. 英美方法论是如何在法国扎根的。

Bulletin for the history of chemistry Pub Date : 2011-01-01

Pierre Laszlo

{"title":"How an Anglo-American methodology took root in France.","authors":"Pierre Laszlo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"French organic chemistry had a strong nationalistic bent in the immediate aftermath to World War II. It continued to bask in the glow of the pre-World War I Nobel prize awarded jointly in 1912 to Victor Grignard and Paul Sabatier. In addition, the influence of the two mandarins then in power, Charles Prévost at the Sorbonne and Albert Kirrmann, a Dean in Strasbourg who would be called upon as vice-director at the École normale supérieure in Paris, saw to it that the only theory of organic reactions, admissible in the classroom and in the laboratory, was Prévost's. As Mary Jo Nye has shown, a wall was erected against penetration of the ideas of the British school of Ingold and Hughes. Mechanistic chemistry, as was being vigorously studied by the contemporary Anglo-American physical organic chemists, was 'persona non grata' in France. Publication by Bianca Tchoubar, in 1960, of \"Les mécanismes réactionnels en chimie organique\" opened a breach. The irony was for Dr. Tchoubar, a militant member of the Communist Party and a lady of fierce opinions, to have become a propagandist for the Anglo-American school of mechanistic studies. Truth for her overruled political propaganda. Her little book was revolutionary in the French context of the times. Together with the GECO (Groupe d'étude de chimie organique) summer conferences pioneered by Guy Ourisson after his return from Harvard, it ushered in the new ideas. This historical essay, based on an in-depth study of Tchoubar's book, will include a portrait of this remarkable woman scientist. It will delve at some length into the renewal of French science initiated by De Gaulle's government after his return to power in 1958. The tension in the French scientific establishment of the sixties reflected two opposed versions of nationalism, the one conservative, Malthusian, inner-directed, the other forward-looking, eager for the recovery of national status, seeing a strong French science as a means for asserting national identity and independence from the two world power blocs.","PeriodicalId":89104,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin for the history of chemistry","volume":"36 2","pages":"75-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30474685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The rise and fall of domestic chemistry in higher education in England during the early 20th century. 20世纪初英国高等教育中国内化学的兴衰。

Bulletin for the history of chemistry Pub Date : 2011-01-01

Marelene Rayner-Canham, Geoff Rayner-Canham

引用次数: 0

"Notitia CŒrulei Berolinensis Nuper Inventi" on the 300th anniversary of the first publication on Prussian blue. “Notitia CŒrulei Berolinensis Nuper Inventi”纪念首次出版普鲁士蓝色300周年。

Bulletin for the history of chemistry Pub Date : 2011-01-01

Alexander Kraft

引用次数: 0

Benjamin Silliman Jr.'s 1874 papers: American contributions to chemistry. 小本杰明·西利曼1874年的论文:美国对化学的贡献。

Bulletin for the history of chemistry Pub Date : 2011-01-01

Martin D Saltzman