Journal of allergy最新文献

{"title":"Mechanisms of remodeling in asthmatic airways.","authors":"Adrian Shifren, Chad Witt, Chandrika Christie, Mario Castro","doi":"10.1155/2012/316049","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2012/316049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disorder characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and reversible airflow obstruction. Subgroups of asthma patients develop airflow obstruction that is irreversible or only partially reversible and experience an accelerated rate of lung function decline. The structural changes in the airways of these patients are referred to as airway remodeling. All elements of the airway wall are involved, and remodeled airway wall thickness is substantially increased compared to normal control airways. Airway remodeling is thought to contribute to the subphenotypes of irreversible airflow obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness, and it has been associated with increased disease severity. Reversal of remodeling is therefore of paramount therapeutic importance, and mechanisms responsible for airway remodeling are feasible therapeutic targets for asthma treatment. This paper will focus on our current understanding of the mechanisms of airway remodeling in asthma and potential targets for future intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":88910,"journal":{"name":"Journal of allergy","volume":"2012 ","pages":"316049"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3270414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30443805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspirin sensitivity and chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps: a fatal combination.","authors":"Hendrik Graefe,&nbsp;Christina Roebke,&nbsp;Dirk Schäfer,&nbsp;Jens Eduard Meyer","doi":"10.1155/2012/817910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/817910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) refers to aspirin sensitivity, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), nasal polyposis, asthma, eosinophil inflammation in the upper and lower airways, urticaria, angioedema, and anaphylaxis following the ingestion of NSAIDs. Epidemiologic and pathophysiological links between these diseases are established. The precise pathogenesis remains less defined, even though there is some progress in the understanding of several molecular mechanisms. Nevertheless, these combinations of diseases in patients classified by AERD constitute a fatal combination and may be difficult to treat with standard medical and surgical interventions. This paper reviews in brief the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, molecular pathogenesis, and specific therapies of patients classified by AERD and postulates future attempts to gain new insights into this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":88910,"journal":{"name":"Journal of allergy","volume":"2012 ","pages":"817910"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/817910","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30862156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mucosal immunity and sublingual immunotherapy in respiratory disorders.","authors":"Nerin N Bahceciler","doi":"10.1155/2012/725719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/725719","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of allergic diseases, specially respiratory allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis and asthma, has been increasing worldwide for the last 2 decades [1, 2]. Although avoidance of the responsible allergen, anti-inflammatory, and symptomatic treatment modalities has shown great efficacy in the treatment of allergic respiratory disorders, cessation of pharmacotherapy usually results in recurrence of signs and symptoms, with a demand to restart the treatment. \u0000 \u0000Currently, allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) is the only available curative choice with the capacity of altering the natural course of allergy [3, 4]. Although SIT by the subcutaneous route has been extensively used and has shown marked efficacy since its discovery, it was associated with uncommon, but severe or even fatal, systemic reactions [5]. Consequently, alternative, noninjectve allergen delivery routes have been proposed, and allergen delivery through mucosal surfaces was suggested as a possible mechanism for the induction of mucosal tolerance to allergens [5, 6]. Local mucosal routes such as oral, nasal, bronchial, and sublingual were investigated since then, and controlled trials failed to demonstrate satisfactory clinical efficacy and/or safety of oral, nasal, and bronchial allergen application; therefore those routes have been abandoned [7–11]. Meanwhile, the efficacy and safety of SIT via the sublingual route was well documented by a number of controlled trials both in children and adults with asthma and/or rhinitis [12, 13]. Since then, sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in the liquid drop formulation has been tested in a large number of double-blinded, placebo-controlled studies, and those studies were included in Cochrane meta-analyses [14–16] demonstrating efficacy both in children and adults with allergic rhinitis or asthma sensitized to house dust mite or various pollens. Thereafter, orodispersible grass-pollen tablets were developed and recent well-designed, well-powered, double-blinded, placebo-controlled studies demonstrated efficacy and safety of tablet formulation [17–20]. \u0000 \u0000Some of those studies improved our understanding of the underlying immunological mechanisms in addition to the proven safety and efficacy. Recent studies demonstrated that SLIT exerts its immune-suppressive effect through the induction of Treg cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-beta [21, 22]. This effect starts on the uptake of allergen by oral mucosal Langerhans cells through high-affinity IgE receptors [6]. More recent studies demonstrated increase in expression of Foxp3+ cells in the sublingual mucosa, which was accompanied by the systemic immunologic response during SLIT [23]. \u0000 \u0000Hereby in this issue, data on clinical implications, efficacy, compliance, monitorization of delivery, and immunological mechanisms of allergen SIT delivered by the mucosal-mainly sublingual route will be presented. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Nerin N. Bahceciler","PeriodicalId":88910,"journal":{"name":"Journal of allergy","volume":"2012 ","pages":"725719"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/725719","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30946413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stromal cells in Crohn's disease.","authors":"Ilse Molendijk,&nbsp;Marjolijn Duijvestein,&nbsp;Andrea E van der Meulen-de Jong,&nbsp;Welmoed K van Deen,&nbsp;Marloes Swets,&nbsp;Daniel W Hommes,&nbsp;Hein W Verspaget","doi":"10.1155/2012/187408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/187408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to suppress immune responses combined with their potential to actively participate in tissue repair provides a strong rationale for the use of MSCs as a new treatment option in diseases characterized by inflammation and severe tissue damage, such as Crohn's disease (CD) and perianal fistulas. Multiple studies have shown that MSCs suppress a range of immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DC), naïve and effector T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Recently published papers attribute the immunosuppressive capacity of MSCs to soluble factors produced by MSCs, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Promising results are obtained from phase I and II clinical trials with autologous and allogeneic MSCs as treatment for refractory CD and perianal fistulas; however the question remains: what are the molecular mechanisms underlying the immunomodulating properties of MSCs? This paper highlights the present knowledge on the immunosuppressive effects of MSCs and its complexity in relation to CD and perianal fistulas.</p>","PeriodicalId":88910,"journal":{"name":"Journal of allergy","volume":"2012 ","pages":"187408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/187408","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30964482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exhaled Eicosanoids following Bronchial Aspirin Challenge in Asthma Patients with and without Aspirin Hypersensitivity: The Pilot Study.","authors":"L Mastalerz,&nbsp;M Sanak,&nbsp;J Kumik,&nbsp;A Gawlewicz-Mroczka,&nbsp;N Celejewska-Wójcik,&nbsp;A Cmiel,&nbsp;A Szczeklik","doi":"10.1155/2012/696792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/696792","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background. Special regulatory role of eicosanoids has been postulated in aspirin-induced asthma. Objective. To investigate effects of aspirin on exhaled breath condensate (EBC) levels of eicosanoids in patients with asthma. Methods. We determined EBC eicosanoid concentrations using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS(2)) or both. Determinations were performed at baseline and following bronchial aspirin challenge, in two well-defined phenotypes of asthma: aspirin-sensitive and aspirin-tolerant patients. Results. Aspirin precipitated bronchial reactions in all aspirin-sensitive, but in none of aspirin-tolerant patients (ATAs). At baseline, eicosanoids profile did not differ between both asthma groups except for lipoxygenation products: 5- and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-, 15-HETE) which were higher in aspirin-induced asthma (AIA) than inaspirin-tolerant subjects. Following aspirin challenge the total levels of cysteinyl-leukotrienes (cys-LTs) remained unchanged in both groups. The dose of aspirin had an effect on magnitude of the response of the exhaled cys-LTs and prostanoids levels only in AIA subjects. Conclusion. The high baseline eicosanoid profiling of lipoxygenation products 5- and 15-HETE in EBC makes it possible to detect alterations in aspirin-sensitive asthma. Cysteinyl-leukotrienes, and eoxins levels in EBC after bronchial aspirin administration in stable asthma patients cannot be used as a reliable diagnostic index for aspirin hypersensitivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":88910,"journal":{"name":"Journal of allergy","volume":"2012 ","pages":"696792"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/696792","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30424711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a parental questionnaire to identify atopic dermatitis in infants and preschool children.","authors":"Laura B von Kobyletzki,&nbsp;Staffan Janson,&nbsp;Mikael Hasselgren,&nbsp;Carl-Gustaf Bornehag,&nbsp;Ake Svensson","doi":"10.1155/2012/945617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/945617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aim. To develop and validate a questionnaire for detecting atopic dermatitis in infants and small children from the age of 2 months. Methods. Parents to 60 children answered a written questionnaire prior to a physical examination and individual semistructured interview. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of validity, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the questionnaire were performed. Results. A total of 27 girls and 33 boys, aged 2 to 71 months, 35 with and 25 without physician-diagnosed eczema, participated. Validation of the questionnaire by comparisons with physicians' diagnoses showed a sensitivity of 0.91 (95% CI 0.77-0.98) and a specificity of 1 (95% CI 0.86-1). Conclusions. Three questions in a parental questionnaire were sufficient for diagnosing eczema in infants and small children.</p>","PeriodicalId":88910,"journal":{"name":"Journal of allergy","volume":"2012 ","pages":"945617"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/945617","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30572844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of mucosal immunity in children: a rationale for sublingual immunotherapy?","authors":"Aleksandra Szczawinska-Poplonyk","doi":"10.1155/2012/492761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/492761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mucosal immune system has bidirectional tasks to mount an effective defense against invading harmful pathogens and to suppress the immune response to alimentary antigens and commensal bacterial flora. Oral tolerance is a suppression of the mucosal immune pathway related to a specific immunophenotype of the dendritic cells and an induction of the regulatory T cells as well as with the silencing of the effector T cell response by anergy and deletion. The physiological dynamic process of the anatomical and functional maturation of the immune system occurring in children during pre- and postnatal periods is a significant factor, having an impact on the fine balance between the activation and the suppression of the immune response. In this paper, mechanisms of mucosal immunity and tolerance induction in terms of maturational issues are discussed with a special emphasis on the implications for a novel therapeutic intervention in allergic diseases via the sublingual route.</p>","PeriodicalId":88910,"journal":{"name":"Journal of allergy","volume":"2012 ","pages":"492761"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/492761","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30140849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing anxiety related to anaphylaxis in childhood: a systematic review.","authors":"Katharina Manassis","doi":"10.1155/2012/316296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/316296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives. This paper reviews the relationship between anxiety and anaphylaxis in children and youth, and principles for managing anxiety in the anaphylactic child and his or her parents. Methods. A review of the medical literature (Medline) was done using the keywords \"anxiety,\" \"anaphylaxis,\" and \"allergy,\" limited to children and adolescents. Findings were organized into categories used in the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders, then applied to managing anxiety in the anaphylactic child. Results. Twenty-four relevant papers were identified. These varied widely in methodology. Findings emphasized included the need to distinguish anxiety-related and organic symptoms, ameliorate the anxiety-related impact of anaphylaxis on quality of life, and address parental anxiety about the child. Conclusion. Children with anaphylaxis can function well despite anxiety, but the physical, cognitive, and behavioral aspects of anxiety associated with anaphylactic risk must be addressed, and parents must be involved in care in constructive ways.</p>","PeriodicalId":88910,"journal":{"name":"Journal of allergy","volume":"2012 ","pages":"316296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/316296","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30215829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sphingolipids: a potential molecular approach to treat allergic inflammation.","authors":"Wai Y Sun,&nbsp;Claudine S Bonder","doi":"10.1155/2012/154174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/154174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Allergic inflammation is an immune response to foreign antigens, which begins within minutes of exposure to the allergen followed by a late phase leading to chronic inflammation. Prolonged allergic inflammation manifests in diseases such as urticaria and rhino-conjunctivitis, as well as chronic asthma and life-threatening anaphylaxis. The prevalence of allergic diseases is profound with 25% of the worldwide population affected and a rising trend across all ages, gender, and racial groups. The identification and avoidance of allergens can manage this disease, but this is not always possible with triggers being common foods, prevalent air-borne particles and only extremely low levels of allergen exposure required for sensitization. Patients who are sensitive to multiple allergens require prophylactic and symptomatic treatments. Current treatments are often suboptimal and associated with adverse effects, such as the interruption of cognition, sleep cycles, and endocrine homeostasis, all of which affect quality of life and are a financial burden to society. Clearly, a better therapeutic approach for allergic diseases is required. Herein, we review the current knowledge of allergic inflammation and discuss the role of sphingolipids as potential targets to regulate inflammatory development in vivo and in humans. We also discuss the benefits and risks of using sphingolipid inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":88910,"journal":{"name":"Journal of allergy","volume":"2012 ","pages":"154174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/154174","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31160013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urticaria in monozygotic and dizygotic twins.","authors":"Simon Francis Thomsen,&nbsp;Sophie van der Sluis,&nbsp;Kirsten Ohm Kyvik,&nbsp;Vibeke Backer","doi":"10.1155/2012/125367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/125367","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To identify risk factors for urticaria, to determine the relative proportion of the susceptibility to urticaria that is due to genetic factors in an adult clinical twin sample, and to further determine whether the genetic susceptibility to urticaria overlaps with the genetic susceptibility to atopic diseases. Methods. A total of 256 complete twin pairs and 63 single twins, who were selected from sibships with self-reported asthma via a questionnaire survey of 21,162 adult twins from the Danish Twin Registry, were clinically interviewed about a history of urticaria and examined for atopic diseases. Data were analysed with Cox proportional hazards regression and variance components models. Results. A total of 151 individuals (26%) had a history of urticaria, whereas 24 (4%) had had symptoms within the past year. Female sex, HR = 2.09 (1.46–2.99), P = 0.000; hay fever, HR = 1.92 (1.36–2.72), P = 0.000; and atopic dermatitis, HR = 1.44 (1.02–2.06), P = 0.041 were significant risk factors for urticaria. After adjustment for sex and age at onset of urticaria in the index twin, the risk of urticaria was increased in MZ cotwins relative to DZ cotwins, HR = 1.42 (0.63–3.18), P = 0.394. Genetic factors explained 45% (16–74%), P = 0.005, of the variation in susceptibility to urticaria. The genetic correlation between urticaria and hay fever was 0.45 (0.01–0.89), P = 0.040. Conclusions. Susceptibility to urticaria is partly determined by genetic factors. Urticaria is more common in women, and in subjects with hay fever and atopic dermatitis, and shares genetic variance with hay fever.","PeriodicalId":88910,"journal":{"name":"Journal of allergy","volume":"2012 ","pages":"125367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/125367","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31101131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}