Current opinion in endocrinology & diabetes最新文献

{"title":"Blood pressure and calcium‐regulating hormones","authors":"C. Gaboury, D. McCarron","doi":"10.1097/00060793-199606000-00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00060793-199606000-00013","url":null,"abstract":"Calcium and calcitropic hormones are involved in the regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure. This review briefly discusses the abnormalities of calcium metabolism noted in hypertension. The calcitropic hormones, including parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and calcitonin are discussed, with emphasis on their vasoactive properties and potential to affect blood pressure. More recently recognized substances are similarly addressed, including parathyroid hypertensive factor, parathyroid-related peptide, and calcitonin gene-related peptide, the latter two of which may affect vascular tone via a local mechanism. Finally, the newly characterized cell calcium receptor, with its implications for the direct calcium-regulated modulation of vascular tone, is presented.","PeriodicalId":88857,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in endocrinology & diabetes","volume":"3 1","pages":"271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00060793-199606000-00013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61608934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of aldosterone secretion","authors":"A. Capponi, M. Rossier","doi":"10.1097/00060793-199606000-00010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00060793-199606000-00010","url":null,"abstract":"Although angiotensin II and potassium ion play the leading parts in the regulation of aldosterone synthesis and secretion, various factors have recently been shown to act in concert with these two secretagogues, such as neurotransmitters, neurohormones, the intra-adrenal renin-angiotensin system, antioxidant vitamins, and adrenomedullin. Extra-adrenal, vascular production of aldosterone has been proposed as an intriguing, regulated mechanism for the modulation of angiotensin II-induced trophic effects. Much attention has recently been devoted to the intracellular signaling mechanisms leading to both the acute and chronic stimulation of aldosterone biosynthesis: role of voltage-gated calcium channels, of protein phosphorylation by various kinases, regulation of intramitochondrial cholesterol transport, and control of expression of aldosterone synthase, among others. A complex picture of cross-talking, additive, or opposite regulatory mechanisms emerges that may help us understand some disease states of uncontrolled mineralocorticoid secretion.","PeriodicalId":88857,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in endocrinology & diabetes","volume":"9 1","pages":"248–257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00060793-199606000-00010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61609395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autoimmunity and the adrenal cortex","authors":"P. L. Balducci-Silano, N. Maclaren","doi":"10.1097/00060793-199606000-00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00060793-199606000-00004","url":null,"abstract":"The autoimmune basis for most cases of idiopathic Addison disease is very well established. Since the demonstration of antibodies reacting with the adrenal cortex, the disease has been recognized as one of the organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Steroidogenic side-chain cleavage enzymes, (P450scc), 17α-hydroxylase (P450c17), and 21 -hydroxylase (P450c21) have recently been shown to be relevant autoantigens recognized by sera from patients with Addison disease either as an isolated entity or as a component of the autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I or type II. As in other autoimmune endocrine diseases, the eliciting event in the adrenal damage in Addison disease remains to be identified. The role of adrenal autoantibodies in the primary pathogenic response is not yet clear, but it is likely that they arise as a secondary consequence of T-cell-mediated tissue damage. In concordance with animal models, T-cell-mediated destruction seems to be a major event in pathogenesis. At present, there appears to be no common antigens shared uniquely among organs targeted by the autoimmune processes underlying the autoimmune polyglandular syndrome. Addison disease, in the context of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type II has been associated with HLA DRB1*03 and DRB1*04. Our most recent studies indicate that Addison disease is primarily associated with the HLA DRB1*03/DQB1*0201 haplotype and only with HLA DRB1*04/DQB1*0302 when it is accompanied by pancreatic beta cell autoimmunity. Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I is not HLA associated. Recently, autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I was linked to an autosomal locus located on chromosome 21 q22.3. Until the issue of genetics has been resolved, the clinician must rely entirely on the recognition of subtle symptoms and a knowledge of serum autoantibody profiles to swiftly diagnose and treat adrenal failure occurring in isolated Addison disease or autoimmune polyglandular syndrome. In this review we discuss new insights into the autoimmune basis of Addison disease including its association with other autoimmune diseases in the context of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome.","PeriodicalId":88857,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in endocrinology & diabetes","volume":"3 1","pages":"212–219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00060793-199606000-00004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61609219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adrenolytic therapy","authors":"A. Atkinson","doi":"10.1097/00060793-199606000-00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00060793-199606000-00007","url":null,"abstract":"In hypercortisolism, adrenolytic therapy can be used diagnostically, as medical management prior to definitive therapy, or as adjunctive therapy for adrenocortical disease in which surgery has not led to a cure. The commonly used agents are metyrapone, ketoconazole, RU 486, octreotide, and mitotane. Metyrapone effectively lowers cortisol levels in Cushing disease and in patients with hypercortisolism secondary to ectopic corticotropin syndrome. Mitotane causes adrenal atrophy, but its use at effective doses is often limited by gastrointestinal side effects. For these reasons its use is mainly restricted to management of adrenocortical carcinoma. The outlook for adrenocortical carcinoma remains poor, but recent publications have reported the use of two new agents, suramin and gossypol which, after further trials and dose adjustments and use in combination therapy, may have a role. With careful diagnostic assessment and follow-up, patients with Cushing disease should now have good outcomes with the available surgical and medical strategies. Most patients with ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome can have their hypercortisolism controlled with drugs while other anticancer strategies are used for the primary disease. In contrast, management of adrenocortical carcinoma is still most unsatisfactory and further cooperative trials of chemotherapeutic agents such as etoposide, cisplatin, and doxorubicin are needed.","PeriodicalId":88857,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in endocrinology & diabetes","volume":"3 1","pages":"233–238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00060793-199606000-00007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61609371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliography Current World Literature","authors":"R. Caddell","doi":"10.1097/00019052-199512000-00018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00019052-199512000-00018","url":null,"abstract":"&NA; This bibliography is compiled by clinicians from the journals listed at the end of this publication. It is based on literature entered into our database between February 1, 2002 and January 28, 2003 (articles are generally added to the database about two and a half months after publication). In addition, the bibliography contains every paper annotated by reviewers; these references were obtained from a variety of bibliographic databases and published between the beginning of the review period and the time of going to press. The bibliography has been grouped into topics that relate to the reviews in this issue. • Papers considered by the reviewers to be of special interest. •• Papers considered by the reviewers to be of outstanding interest. The number in square brackets following a selected paper, for example [7], refers to its number in the annotated references of the corresponding review.","PeriodicalId":88857,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in endocrinology & diabetes","volume":"10 1","pages":"205–228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00019052-199512000-00018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61542066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}