Biologija最新文献

{"title":"Using pulse electric fields (PEF) for selective inactivation of coliform bacteria","authors":"Neringa Barauskaitė, M. Visockis, Dovilė Bubnytė, Ineta Meldaikytė, Simona Gelažunaitė, Augustinas Šarkinas, Aras Rafanavičius, P. Ruzgys","doi":"10.6001/biologija.v68i4.4840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v68i4.4840","url":null,"abstract":"Coliform bacteria usually originate from the intestine, and the contamination typically occurs when there is a lack of sterility in food industry. PEF-induced selective nonthermal pasteurisation method might pasteurise coliform bacteria while leaving the needed bacteria intact. To evaluate this hypothesis, we chose Escherichia coli dh5α (E. coli) strain as a representation of coliform bacteria for this study. We also used Streptococcus thermophilus bacteria strain as a representation of lactobacteria used in milk by-products. The obtained results of PEF application showed that selective death of bacteria after PEF treatment can be induced. PEF was applied on bacteria. Then the clonogenic assay, the metabolic activity, and bacterial growth in the bioreactor were evaluated. By applying PEF treatment on E. coli and S. thermophilus their survival was monitored. We found the PEF parameters under which coliform bacteria E. coli were killed more than 100 times effectively than S. thermophilus. We postulate that it is the result of the bacteria size. Here we show that a PEF-induced selective nonthermal pasteurisation method could be applied in the industry where coliform bacteria can be eliminated while leaving other needed bacteria intact. We showed this by measuring the metabolic activity, the ability to form colonies, and the change in bacteria growth rate in the bioreactor.","PeriodicalId":8858,"journal":{"name":"Biologija","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90600552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Four Tischeriidae species in Colombia, including a new Astrotischeria species: is it not too little for a megadiverse country?","authors":"Jonas R. Stonis, A. Diškus, W. Mey","doi":"10.6001/biologija.v68i4.4835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v68i4.4835","url":null,"abstract":"Until 2019, Tischeriidae, or trumpet moths, were totally unknown in Colombia. Here we review all currently available scanty data on the Colombian Tischeriidae and describe Astrotischeria recta Diškus, Mey & Stonis, sp. nov., a new species of trumpet moths from Valle de Cauca, Colombia. The new species is illustrated with photographs of the male genitalia, adults, and their habitats. In the current paper, we also briefly discuss the number of the Tischeriidae species in other Neotropical countries and provide renewed data.","PeriodicalId":8858,"journal":{"name":"Biologija","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88247051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Directions in the development of modern and promising antimicrobial agents","authors":"Tetiana S. Todosiichuk, Serhii O. Soloviov, Lin Wu1, Iryna V. Dzyublyk, Olena P. Trokhimenko, M. Dudek, A. Symchuk, V. Vasylenko","doi":"10.6001/biologija.v68i4.4838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v68i4.4838","url":null,"abstract":"The use of antibiotics is becoming increasingly limited. This is mainly due to the development of resistance to pathogenic bacteria, and, over time, more and more bacteria will become resistant to antimicrobials. This problem inevitably leads to the conclusion that studies into alternative methods of combating pathogens, which are necessary to develop sufficiently reliable and effective therapies for bacterial infections, are indispensable. This review highlights some recent developments in conventional antibiotic and non-antibiotic treatment strategies. It has been shown that traditional antibacterial targets include derivatives of known antibiotic classes, new chemical classes with new targets, as well as unknown or undefined agents with unclear targets. Promising strategies for combating microbial pathogens have been identified, including new targets, namely, toxin secretion systems, biofilm formation, and adhesion mechanisms that affect quorum sensing of microbial populations. In addition, it is important to use new antimicrobial agents with other, non-antibiotic, mechanisms of action: phage and phage-derived peptides, microbiota-modulating therapies, and enhancing immune response.","PeriodicalId":8858,"journal":{"name":"Biologija","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77722208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity and distribution of testate amoeba (Testaceae) in the moss Pleurozium schreberi","authors":"I. Šatkauskienė, Jurgita RUTKAUSKAITĖ-SUCILIENĖ","doi":"10.6001/biologija.v68i3.4784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v68i3.4784","url":null,"abstract":"Testate amoebae are worldwide-distributed protists living in soils, freshwaters, and wetlands, but their presence and diversity in Lithuania are poorly known. The published information mainly reflects collections from freshwater, meanwhile knowledge about the diversity of these protozoa in bryophytes remains limited. To overcome this limitation, a study was conducted on the moss Pleurozium schreberi by sampling it from several localities to provide information on the distribution of testate amoebae and the composition of the species. In this study, 19 species of testate amoebae were recorded. The species richness varied from six to 15 species per sample. The most frequently occurring testate amoebae were eurybiont species Corythion dubium, Trinema enchelys, Euglypha strigosa, Centropyxis aerophylla-complex, and Euglypha laevis. The most diverse genus was Euglypha (five species). The peculiarities of habitats and environmental contamination are possible factors that determined the character of the composition and structure of testate amoebae communities. These data help to improve knowledge of the geographical distribution of testate amoebae in eastern Europe and their diversity in Lithuania.","PeriodicalId":8858,"journal":{"name":"Biologija","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72707472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial activity of royal jelly, honey, and their mixture","authors":"Žaneta Maželienė, A. Aleksandravičienė, Meda Pašvenskaitė, Ingrida Viliušienė, Daiva Šakienė, Evelina Dailidaitė","doi":"10.6001/biologija.v68i3.4786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v68i3.4786","url":null,"abstract":"As antimicrobial drugs destroy microorganisms or stop their growth, they are used to treat infections. Due to the increasing resistance of infectious agents to antimicrobial drugs, there is a need to find new natural products with antimicrobial properties. Natural products such as bee products honey, propolis, pollen, bee bread, and royal jelly are important products with numerous different active biological features, antimicrobial and antiviral among them. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of royal jelly, honey, and the mixture of honey and royal jelly on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, spore bacteria, and the fungus Candida albicans. Royal jelly and honey were collected in Lithuanian apiaries. The antimicrobial activity of royal jelly, honey, and honey-royal jelly mixture (9% solution) was determined using the ‘well’ method of diffusion into agar. Reference cultures of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, spore bacteria, and the fungus Candida albicans were used in the study. Royal jelly was found to be the most effective against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecalis. Royal jelly had the strongest antibacterial effect on Enterococcus faecalis, honey on Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus, and the mixture of honey-royal jelly on S. epidermidis. Royal jelly, honey, and honey-royal jelly solutions were not antibacterial against Proteus vulgaris. Royal jelly, honey, and honey-royal jelly had a weak effect on Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Royal jelly had no effect on Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Candida albicans, and the antibacterial effect of honey and honey-royal jelly mixture was weak. Royal jelly, honey, honey-royal jelly mixture had the strongest effect on gram-positive bacteria. A weaker antimicrobial effect was observed against gram-negative bacteria, spore bacteria, and C. albicans. Royal jelly had no effect on P. vulgaris, and honey-royal jelly mixture had similar antimicrobial activity to honey.","PeriodicalId":8858,"journal":{"name":"Biologija","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80793355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Free-ranging dogs (Canis familiaris) in Lithuania: their distribution and impact on wildlife","authors":"Mindaugas Bakševičius","doi":"10.6001/biologija.v68i3.4785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v68i3.4785","url":null,"abstract":"The dog (Canis familiaris) is one of the most common predators in the world with a population of about 900 million, which continues to grow. Only 20% of the world population of dogs are considered pets. There are irresponsibly cared, free-roaming, or completely homeless individual dogs or their groups in the natural environment of Lithuania. The paper represents a study into the distribution of free-ranging dogs in the hunting areas of Lithuania and their impact on wild fauna. A telephone survey was conducted between 2019 and 2022 to find out the location of free-ranging dogs and their contact with wildlife between 2017 and 2021. Six-hundred-and-eighty users of hunting area units agreed to participate in the survey. In places where dogs were frequent, scats were collected and analysed. The conducted survey showed that in 361 hunting area units, the respondents observed free-ranging dogs at least once during the last five years, which makes 39.5% of all hunting area units in Lithuania. The dogs were observed in groups of 2–5 individuals that usually were larger than 15 kg. Free-ranging dogs interact with animals in the environment, the highest proportion of contacts (51.4%) is with roe deer (Capreolus capreolus); 35.4% of those contacts resulted in the death of roe deer. Plant residues were detected in 92% samples of scats, but roe deer residues accounted for the highest biomass consumption (49%).","PeriodicalId":8858,"journal":{"name":"Biologija","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76889618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical constituents and larvicidal efficacy of Calopogonium mucunoides leaf and Chrysophyllum albidum seed extracts against the Aedes aegypti larvae","authors":"Osemudiamhen Marie Ekpoma, Ukpamufo Cyril Olowo, Felix Iroube Aigbodion","doi":"10.6001/biologija.v68i3.4787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v68i3.4787","url":null,"abstract":"The larvicidal efficacy of Calopogonium mucunoides leaf and Chrysophyllum albidum seed extract against 2nd and 3rd larval instars of Aedes aegypti was investigated in an acute bioassay. The larvicidal bioassay was done in triplicate of ten laboratory-reared larvae of Ae. aegypti at four different concentrations (250, 500, 750, and 1000 ppm) with a simultaneous control at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h of exposure. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, and saponins in the extracts. The larvicidal bioassay of C. mucunoides leaf and C. albidum seed extracts varied significantly with concentration and exposure time (p < 0.05). Lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) for C. mucunoides were 2.935 and 7.608 ppm, 2.096 and 6.302 ppm, and 1.626 and 5.866 ppm for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h (2nd instar larvae), and 2.923 and 11.067 ppm, 2.096 and 9.686 ppm, and 2.033 and 6.946 ppm (3rd instar larvae), while C. albidum had values of 3.231 and 7.393 ppm, 2.755 and 6.123 ppm, and 2.278 and 4.584 ppm at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h (2nd instar larvae), and 3.731 and 7.021 ppm at 24 h, 2.843 and 4.526 ppm at 48 h, and 2.774 and 4.202 ppm at 72 h (3rd instar larvae). The chloroform fraction of C. mucunoides partitioning gave 100% mortality for 3rd instar larvae, with its leaf extract being more potent than C. albidum seed extract. The potential bioactive compound extant in these plants could become a substitute for conventional insecticides and synthetic pesticides and ought to be further explored for control of mosquito larvae.","PeriodicalId":8858,"journal":{"name":"Biologija","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78283155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Schinus molle (Anacardiaceae) as a means of biological control against Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Aleyrodidae)","authors":"Amina Belhadji, I. Abdelli, F. Hassani","doi":"10.6001/biologija.v68i3.4788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v68i3.4788","url":null,"abstract":"Greenhouse whiteflies, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, are very small sucker-whipper-type pests of the family Aleyrodidae. They cause considerable damage to greenhouse crops in the first order and show resistance to chemical insecticides. In this context, we dedicated this study to the control of this pest through the active ingredients extracted from the leaf and fruit part of the pepper tree, Schinus molle by inhibiting the chemosensory protein responsible mainly for capturing external stimuli in these polyphagous insects. By applying molecular modeling methods, including molecular docking, using software Molegro Virtual Docker version 2012.5.5.0, we tested the bioinsecticide potency of seven inhibitors. The results obtained show that the molecule beta- elemol is the best chemosensory protein inhibitor with a score of –82.6648 Kcal/mol and that it forms strong bonds with the active site amino acids of the protein.","PeriodicalId":8858,"journal":{"name":"Biologija","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81084081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth analysis and sex ratio of fish species from the Ovia River, Edo State, Nigeria","authors":"Ukpamufo Cyril Olowo, Nkonyeasua Kingsley Egun, Aisosa Precious Ehigiator, Ijeoma Patience Oboh","doi":"10.6001/biologija.v68i2.4731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v68i2.4731","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the length-weight relationships, the condition factor, and the sex ratio of Hemichromis fasciatus, Synodontis nigrita, and Tilapia zillii in the Ovia River, Edo State, Nigeria. Fish specimens were collected with the assistance of artisanal fishermen using fishing traps, cast and gill nets of various mesh sizes from February to April 2021. Taxonomical identification, morphometric measurements, and macroscopic examination of the fresh gonads were carried out. The linear regression equation was used to determine the relationship between fish length and body weight, while the condition factor and the sex ratio were analysed using standard techniques. Length-weight relationship (LWR) showed a significant (p < 0.05) correlation and the growth exponent b = 2.973, 2.340, and 2.565 for H. fasciatus, S. nigrita and T. zillii, respectively, indicated a negative allometric growth pattern. Mean condition factor values ranged from 2.34 to 5.68 and was indicative of good health condition for the fishes. Sex ratios did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) from the one male to one female distribution in H. fasciatus (1:1.11), S. nigrita (1:0.89), and T. zillii (1:0.93). The study has provided information on some aspects of the fish biology of Hemichromis fasciatus, Synodontis nigrita, and Tilapia zillii in the Ovia River, and these data are helpful tools for fisheries management and conservation of freshwater fishes.","PeriodicalId":8858,"journal":{"name":"Biologija","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85363199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational risk reduction by acetone substitution in particle board surface cleaning","authors":"Austėja Oržekauskaitė, J. Kruopienė","doi":"10.6001/biologija.v68i2.4732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v68i2.4732","url":null,"abstract":"The Lithuanian wood industry covers three main sectors: wood processing, paper industry, and furniture production. The wood processing sector also includes the production of particle board. Technological developments have led to more intensive use of various additives – chemicals. To avoid the risks related to the impact of chemicals on human health and the environment, companies must comply with legal requirements and seek to replace the hazardous chemicals used in their processes. Substances must be replaced with less hazardous or harmless alternatives. In order to find out whether the options chosen are better, an assessment of the alternatives must be carried out. The present study includes the assessment of sustainability, targeted risk assessment for exposure of workers to chemicals, consumers, and the environment, and work risk assessments. The analysis of chemical products used in the production of particle board has shown that they contain ingredients with toxic, carcinogenic, and other properties hazardous to human health and the environment, and should therefore be substituted. After analysing the market for chemicals used in the wooden furniture industry, four potential alternative products were identified to one of the hazardous mixtures, and then the alternatives were assessed in terms of human health and environmental risks. The most suitable alternative was LPZ/II. Benefits of the proposed alternative for the company consist in the elimination of the mixture containing acetone and reduction of the risk to workers.","PeriodicalId":8858,"journal":{"name":"Biologija","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87000634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}