Clinical medicine. Oncology最新文献

{"title":"The effect of docetaxel (taxotere) on human gastric cancer cells exhibiting low-dose radiation hypersensitivity.","authors":"Elizabeth K Balcer-Kubiczek,&nbsp;Mona Attarpour,&nbsp;Jian Z Wang,&nbsp;William F Regine","doi":"10.4137/cmo.s463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/cmo.s463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low-dose radiation hypersensitivity (HRS) describes a phenomenon of excessive sensitivity to X ray doses <0.5 Gy. Docetaxel is a taxane shown to arrest cells in the G(2)/M phase of the cell cycle. Some previous studies suggested that HRS might result from the abrogation of the early G(2) checkpoint arrest. First we tested whether HRS occurs in gastric cancer-derived cells, and whether pre-treatment of cells with low docetaxel concentrations can enhance the magnitude of HRS in gastric cancer cells. The results demonstrated HRS at ~0.3 Gy and the synergy between 0.3 Gy and docetaxel (3 nM for 24 h), and the additivity of other drug/dose combinations. The synergistic effect was associated with a significant docetaxel-induced G(2) accumulation. Next, we evaluated in time-course experiments ATM kinase activity and proteins associated with the induction and maintenance of the early G(2) checkpoint. The results of multi-immunoblot analysis demonstrate that HRS does not correlate with the ATM-dependent early G(2) checkpoint arrest. We speculate that G(2) checkpoint adaptation, a phenomenon associated with a prolonged cell cycle arrest, might be involved in HRS. Our results also suggest a new approach for the improvement the effectiveness of docetaxel-based radiotherapy using low doses per fraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":88451,"journal":{"name":"Clinical medicine. Oncology","volume":"2 ","pages":"301-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/cmo.s463","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30119992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of cutaneous metastases from breast cancer to capecitabine.","authors":"Kostandinos Sideras,&nbsp;Katie M Zahasky,&nbsp;Judith S Kaur","doi":"10.4137/cmo.s521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/cmo.s521","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88451,"journal":{"name":"Clinical medicine. Oncology","volume":"2 ","pages":"415-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/cmo.s521","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30120484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary MALT Type Skin Lymphoma-Is 'Wait and See' a Possible Strategy?","authors":"Florentina Silvia Delli,&nbsp;Thomas Zaraboukas,&nbsp;Ioanna Mandekou-Lefaki","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary cutaneous lymphomas are the second most common site of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma. A specifically type named extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas are indolent low-grade neoplasma.We report a case of a 42-year-old white man with multiple subcutaneous tumors located on the trunk and neck. The histopathological exam showed a non-epidermotropic, dense lymphocytic infiltrate. Histologic, immunohistochemical and cytologenetic analysis diagnosed primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma MALT type. Investigation for other extranodal MALT lymphoma gastrointestinal tract, lung, salivary and thyroid glands was negative. The patient refused radiotherapy, but he accepted every 6 months close follow-up. Over a seven years period, we noticed a progressively disappearance of the skin lesions.The necessity of aggressive treatment of this disease with excellent prognosis is discussed.The treatment necessity of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma MALT type is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":88451,"journal":{"name":"Clinical medicine. Oncology","volume":"2 ","pages":"153-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3161667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30121210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Mechanisms that Regulate Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inactivation.","authors":"Brian P Ceresa,&nbsp;Phillip A Vanlandingham","doi":"10.4137/cmo.s498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/cmo.s498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is the prototypical receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK). These cell surface receptors are integral membrane proteins that bind ligands on their extracellular domain and relay that information to within the cell. The activated EGFR regulates diverse cell fates such as growth, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. These signaling properties are important for the appropriate development and maintenance of an organism. However, when inappropriately controlled, due to EGFR overexpression or hyperactivation, these signaling events are characteristic of many cancers. It remains unclear whether the uncontrolled EGFR activity leads to cell transformation or is a consequence of cell transformation. Regardless of the cause, increased EGFR activity serves both as a biomarker in the diagnosis of some cancers and is a molecular target for anti-cancer therapies. The promising results with current anti-EGFR therapies suggest that the receptor is a viable molecular target for a limited number of applications. However, to become an effective therapeutic target for other cancers that have elevated levels of EGFR activity, current approaches for inhibiting EGFR signaling will need to be refined. Here we describe the molecular mechanisms that regulate EGFR inactivation and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets for inhibiting EGFR signaling.</p>","PeriodicalId":88451,"journal":{"name":"Clinical medicine. Oncology","volume":"2 ","pages":"47-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/cmo.s498","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29974338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Signet-ring cell carcinoma arising in the gastric stump after duodenopancreatectomy for ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas: a case report.","authors":"Woubet T Kassahun,&nbsp;Peter Lamesch,&nbsp;Christian Wittekind,&nbsp;Matthias Neid,&nbsp;Jens P Schneider,&nbsp;Joachim Mössner,&nbsp;Johann Hauss","doi":"10.4137/cmo.s384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/cmo.s384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of malignancy in the gastric stump following surgery for peptic ulcer disease is well recognized. There are also few reports on carcinomas occurring after surgery for malignant gastric disease. However, carcinoma of the gastric stump after duodenopancreatectomy is extremely rare. We describe what we believe to be an unusual case of signet-ring cell carcinoma of the gastric stump developing at the anastomotic site 5 years after duodenopancreatectomy for ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head. We performed remnant gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy as a curative resection. This experience clearly underlies that g astric stump carcinoma (GSC) may mimic metastatic disease recurrence leading to diagnostic confusion after surgery for malignancy. Although an increased risk of gastric stump carcinoma after pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer has not been established, the possibility of such a complication should be kept in mind when evaluating patients after gastric resection who present with symptoms of metastatic disease recurrence years after the primary operation. Investigations should be independent of the entity of the primary disease or its localization, since GSC may well be amenable to surgical cure as demonstrated in the presented case. Outpatient follow up results of the last four years indicated no recurrence in this case.</p>","PeriodicalId":88451,"journal":{"name":"Clinical medicine. Oncology","volume":"2 ","pages":"109-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/cmo.s384","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29975342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional activities and immunohistochemical cellular distribution of glutathione s-transferases in normal, dysplastic, and squamous cell carcinoma human oral tissues.","authors":"Peter J Giannini, Mark A Morse, Christopher M Weghorst, Ping Pei, Susan R Mallery","doi":"10.4137/cmo.s491","DOIUrl":"10.4137/cmo.s491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clinical data show a strong correlation between tobacco and alcohol use and the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). While this association implies that the oral mucosa actively metabolizes carcinogens, there is little information which depicts the carcinogen metabolizing enzymes within the oral cavity. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) primary function is to detoxify carcinogens by increasing their water solubility, GSTs represent key carcinogen metabolizing enzymes. Notably, individuals with a null phenotype for certain GST isoforms are at an increased risk to develop cancer. This study investigated the function and distribution of GSTs in human oral tissues. Our results from this pilot study showed a trend towards higher GST activities in SCC tissues relative to normal mucosa. Also, relative to normal tissues, the SCC and epithelial dysplasia samples showed a more intense and uniform GST intracellular distribution. GST activities are increased in many high grade cancers. Similarly, our data suggest that GST upregulation occurs in at least a subset of precancerous and malignant oral lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":88451,"journal":{"name":"Clinical medicine. Oncology","volume":"2 ","pages":"159-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2841403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28848510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression levels of thymidylate synthase, thymidylate phosphorylase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: preliminary study.","authors":"K Aubry,&nbsp;J L Labourey,&nbsp;J P Bessède,&nbsp;N Tubiana-Mathieu,&nbsp;M Rigaud","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pharyngo-laryngeal tumors classified as T3-4, N0-3, M0, are conventionally treated by mutilating surgery (total (pharyngo)-laryngectomy). Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-FU/platinum salt can be proposed in an attempt to preserve the larynx. The level of the response to chemotherapy ranges from 36 to 54% of cases. Thus, a large number of patients receive chemotherapy that is ineffective and not free from adverse effects. Three main enzymes are involved in the metabolism of 5-FU: thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidylate phosphorylase (TP) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Several studies suggest that a high level of expression of these three genes correlates with a poor clinical response to 5-FU. The main purpose of our study was to look for a correlation between the levels of expression of the genes for sensitivity to 5-FU (TS, TP, DPD) within the tumor and the clinical response observed after three courses of chemotherapy combining 5-FU/platinum salt in patients presenting with advanced cancer of the pharyngo-larynx.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a prospective genetic study that had required approval from the Ethics Committee. The main assessment criterion was based on the assessment of the clinical response by an ENT panendoscopy and a cervical CT scan, after three courses of chemotherapy. The expression of the genes was determined by quantitative RT-PCR, using total RNA extracted from tumor biopsies taken during the initial panendoscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The means calculated, in our study, for the three genes of interest (TS, TP, DPD) were lower in the responder group than those in the non-responder group.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our preliminary findings reveal trends that confirm the hypothesis that the lower the level of expression of the sensitivity genes, the better the clinical response to chemotherapy. They now form part of a larger study that is currently in progress.</p>","PeriodicalId":88451,"journal":{"name":"Clinical medicine. Oncology","volume":"2 ","pages":"27-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3161652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29974335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A unique complication associated with concurrent chemoradiation for the treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer.","authors":"Oren Cahlon,&nbsp;Ashok Shaha,&nbsp;Nancy Lee","doi":"10.4137/cmo.s407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/cmo.s407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Concurrent chemoradiation is becoming an increasingly popular treatment for patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer. The full extent of treatment related complications has not been completely documented in the literature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We present the case of a patient treated with definitive intensity modulated radiation therapy and concurrent carboplatin and fluorouracil for a locally advanced oral cavity and base of tongue cancer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient suffered acute grade 4 dermatitis and mucositis during treatment. One month after completion of treatment, the patient was found to have permanent adherence of the tongue to the buccal mucosa as a result of severe scar tissue formation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As more patients undergo chemoradiation for the treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer, the full extent of treatment related complications are being identified. To our knowledge, this is the first report of chemoradiation for head and neck cancer resulting in adherence of the tongue to the buccal mucosa.</p>","PeriodicalId":88451,"journal":{"name":"Clinical medicine. Oncology","volume":"2 ","pages":"313-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/cmo.s407","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30119375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radionuclide Imaging of Apoptosis in Malignancies: Promise and Pitfalls of Tc-Hynic-rh-Annexin V Imaging.","authors":"M S Kartachova,&nbsp;M Verheij,&nbsp;B L van Eck,&nbsp;C A Hoefnagel,&nbsp;R A Valdes Olmos","doi":"10.4137/cmo.s349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/cmo.s349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radionuclide detection of apoptosis with of (99m)Tc-Hynic-rh-Annexin V scintigraphy is an effective tool for in vivo visualisation and monitoring of apoptosis in various malignant tumour. Early therapy-induced increase of the tumour tracer uptake correlates with favourable outcome, whereas stable or decreased uptake correlates with stable disease or tumour progression. Therefore sequential (99m)Tc-Hynic-rh-Annexin V scintigraphy could be used to predict therapy outcome on a patient-to-patient basis within 48 hours after the start of treatment. However, moderate tumour-to-background ratio and therapy-induced changes in normal tissues could confound image analysis. To assure accurate interpretation of Annexin V scans, the awareness of the biophysiological and biochemical properties contributing to the tracer distribution is essential. In with manuscript we discuss the patterns of Annexin V tumour uptake and illustrate the most frequent pitfalls associated with Annexin V imaging in correlation with CT and MRI imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":88451,"journal":{"name":"Clinical medicine. Oncology","volume":"2 ","pages":"319-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3161632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30119376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of merkel cell carcinoma and melanoma: results from the california cancer registry.","authors":"Julia Grabowski, Sidney L Saltzstein, Georgia Robins Sadler, Zunera Tahir, Sarah Blair","doi":"10.4137/cmo.s423","DOIUrl":"10.4137/cmo.s423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) are both aggressive skin malignancies associated with immunosuppression and possible UV exposure. Both tumors get similar surgical treatment; however, MCC is a relatively rare tumor in which less is known about prognosis and clinical behavior.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The California Cancer Registry (CCR), a population-based registry, was reviewed from the years 1988-2003. Merkel cell carcinoma and melanoma were compared with relation to gender, age, ethnicity, disease stage, site, and survival.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 113,187 cases of melanoma and 1,878 cases of MCC were identified in the CCR. Though both cancers are more common in men than in women, MCC had a higher incidence in men than melanoma (63% vs 57% p < 0.005). MCC occurs in the more elderly, with 73.6% of cases occurring in people over 70 years. In contrast, 69% of melanoma cases occurred in people younger than 70 years (p < 0.005). MCC shows a predilection for the head and neck compared to melanoma (47% vs 25.8%) Additionally, melanoma occurs more frequently on the trunk than MCC (30% vs 8.7%). Finally, the 10-year cumulative survival is lower for MCC than for melanoma (17.7% vs 61.3%, p < 0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Many clinicians assume MCC and melanoma behave similarly. However, MCC occurs in an older population, more frequently on the head and neck, in a higher percentage of men. Additionally, MCC has a higher rate of regional metastasis and thus may have more of a benefit from regional staging procedures. Overall, MCC has a worse prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":88451,"journal":{"name":"Clinical medicine. Oncology","volume":"2 ","pages":"327-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3161663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30119377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}