The open infectious diseases journal最新文献

{"title":"Carbapenem-Sparing Antibiotic Treatment Options in Children with Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Bacteria","authors":"Marisol Fernández, R. Quick, Kathryn G Merkel, S. Casey, Patrick Boswell, Ann Bailey, S. Hauger","doi":"10.2174/1874279301810010009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874279301810010009","url":null,"abstract":"RESEARCH ARTICLE Carbapenem-Sparing Antibiotic Treatment Options in Children with Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Bacteria Marisol Fernandez, Rachel D. Quick, Kathryn G. Merkel, Sarah Casey, Patrick Boswell, Ann Bailey and Sarmistha B. Hauger Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Dell Children’s Medical Center of Central Texas, Austin, TX, USA Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Dell Children’s Medical Center of Central Texas, Austin, TX, USA Department of Pharmacy, Dell Children’s Medical Center of Central Texas, Austin, TX, USA Clinical Quality and Operational Effectiveness, Dell Children’s Medical Center of Central Texas, Austin, TX, USA Infection Control Preventionist, Dell Children’s Medical Center of Central Texas, Austin, TX, USA","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"9-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44722748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infective Endocarditis Related to Intravenous Drug User: Report of Four Cases","authors":"E. Muço, A. Harxhi, A. Hasa, P. Pipero, A. Kushi, Irena Çeko, E. Puca, D. Kraja","doi":"10.2174/1874279301810010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874279301810010001","url":null,"abstract":"CASE REPORT Infective Endocarditis Related to Intravenous Drug User: Report of Four Cases Ermira Muço, Arjan Harxhi, Amela Hasa, Pëllumb Pipero, Arta Kushi, Irena Ceko, Edmond Puca and Dhimitër Kraja Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital University Center “Mother Theresa”, Tirana, Albania Department of Imaging Sciences, Hospital University Center “Mother Theresa”, Tirana, Albania Department of Toxicology, Hospital University Center “Mother Theresa”, Tirana, Albania","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41445007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Impact of Climate Variability on Malaria Transmission Using a Dynamic Mosquito-Human Malaria Model.","authors":"Gbenga J Abiodun,&nbsp;Peter J Witbooi,&nbsp;Kazeem O Okosun,&nbsp;Rajendra Maharaj","doi":"10.2174/1874279301810010088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874279301810010088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The reasons for malaria resurgence mostly in Africa are yet to be well understood. Although the causes are often linked to regional climate change, it is important to understand the impact of climate variability on the dynamics of the disease. However, this is almost impossible without adequate long-term malaria data over the study areas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we develop a climate-based mosquito-human malaria model to study malaria dynamics in the human population over KwaZulu-Natal, one of the epidemic provinces in South Africa, from 1970-2005. We compare the model output with available observed monthly malaria cases over the province from September 1999 to December 2003. We further use the model outputs to explore the relationship between the climate variables (rainfall and temperature) and malaria incidence over the province using principal component analysis, wavelet power spectrum and wavelet coherence analysis. The model produces a reasonable fit with the observed data and in particular, it captures all the spikes in malaria prevalence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results highlight the importance of climate factors on malaria transmission and show the seasonality of malaria epidemics over the province. Results from the principal component analyses further suggest that, there are two principal factors associated with climates variables and the model outputs. One of the factors indicate high loadings on Susceptible, Exposed and Infected human, while the other is more correlated with Susceptible and Recovered humans. However, both factors reveal the inverse correlation between Susceptible-Infected and Susceptible-Recovered humans respectively. Through the spectrum analysis, we notice a strong annual cycle of malaria incidence over the province and ascertain a dominant of one year periodicity. Consequently, our findings indicate that an average of 0 to 120-day lag is generally noted over the study period, but the 120-day lag is more associated with temperature than rainfall. This is consistence with other results obtained from our analyses that malaria transmission is more tightly coupled with temperature than with rainfall in KwaZulu-Natal province.</p>","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":"10 ","pages":"88-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6430130/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37086818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Type of Treatment Supporters in Successful Completion of Tuberculosis Treatment: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Pakistan.","authors":"Sana Hussain,&nbsp;Jamshed Hasnain,&nbsp;Zareen Hussain,&nbsp;Masroor Badshah,&nbsp;Hafeez Siddique,&nbsp;Christina Fiske,&nbsp;April Pettit","doi":"10.2174/1874279301810010037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874279301810010037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The World Health Organization has recommended a patient-centered approach to tuberculosis drug administration. A central element of the patient-centered strategy is the use of treatment supporters to evaluate and elevate adherence to the treatment regimen and to address poor adherence when it occurs. This study was led to determine the part of various treatment supporters in the successful completion of treatment.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study was conducted in two locales of Sindh, Hyderabad and Mirpurkhas. Information gathered included age, gender, regions, sort of treatment supporters (relatives, community and health facility workers) and treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 773 patients incorporated into the study, 86.8% picked a family supporter, 7.63% selected community worker and 5.56% chose health facility worker as their treatment supporter. Women and younger patients were more likely to prefer that family members supervise their treatment. Treatment achievement rates among the patients regulated by the three kinds of treatment supporters, were not altogether unique in relation to each other (<i>p</i>=0.23 Chi square).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study demonstrates that TB patients ought to be urged to pick the supporter of their inclination as selection of treatment supporter outside the health system does not adversely affect TB treatment outcomes in limited resource settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":"10 ","pages":"37-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6044441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36311517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correct Species Identification of Streptococcus Using Multi LocusSequence Analysis for Disproving Relapse of Two Episodes of InfectiveEndocarditis","authors":"Stine Odgaard Poulsen, L. H. Rasmussen, X. Nielsen, U. S. Justesen, J. J. Christensen, S. Gill","doi":"10.2174/1874279301509010035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874279301509010035","url":null,"abstract":"When repetitive infective endocarditis episodes occur in the same patient, accurate species identification is essential for differentiating relapse and a new episode. We report a case, which has had four episodes of IE within 2 years: episode 1 due to Enterococcus faecalis, episode 2 due to Mitis group Streptococcus, Episodes 3 and 4 due to Salivarius group Streptococcus. Detailed molecular examinations using Multi Locus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) convincingly documented that the two strains from episodes 3 and 4 were different. Thus, it was not a relapse, but a new infection and, importantly, not the result of antibiotic treatment failure.","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68061314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usefulness of the C-Reactive Protein in Predicting the Need for AntibioticsAmong Febrile Inpatients with Sickle Cell Disease","authors":"J. Gershel, R. Kreiner, G. Spitzer, A. Sterman, E. Slotkin, K. Rivlin","doi":"10.2174/1874279301509010026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874279301509010026","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine whether the C-reactive protein (CRP) can help identify which febrile patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) require antibiotic therapy. Patients and Methods: We performed a chart review of patients with SCD (including S-S, S-C, and S-Thal) admitted to the hospital with fever (temperature >38.3 o C 38.9 o C ≥2 years of age) over a thirty-month period (July 2009 - December 2011). Data extracted included temperature, age, high sensitivity CRP value, chest x-ray and culture results, and the underlying cause of fever, categorized as bacterial (antibiotics necessary) or non-bacterial (antibiotics not necessary). The Mann-Whitney U-test was then used to compare the median CRP levels of patients requiring antibiotics versus those whose illnesses did not require antibiotic treatment. Results: Fifty-four febrile patients with SCD were admitted to the hospital. Nineteen had final diagnoses that required antibiotic treatment and their median CRPs were significantly higher than the thirty-five who had diagnoses that did not meet the requirements for antibiotic treatment (100.9 mg/L vs 17.3 mg/L, p 39 mg/L. Conclusion: The current data indicate that among febrile patients with SCD, the CRP may help differentiate bacterial infections which require antibiotic treatment from other diseases for which antibiotics are not necessary. Our data suggests that there may be a level of CRP below which a bacterial etiology is unlikely.","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68061232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidrug Resistant in Nosocomial Urinary TractInfections at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kerala, India","authors":"Gufran Ahmed M. Bijapur, Saleel V. Maulingkar, B. Greeshma, S. M. Usman","doi":"10.2174/1874279301509010030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874279301509010030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68061274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Listeria Infection in Pregnancy: A Review of Literature","authors":"C. D. Luca, L. Donati, L. D'Oria, A. Licameli, M. Pellegrino, M. Santis","doi":"10.2174/1874279301509010020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874279301509010020","url":null,"abstract":"Listeria monocytogenes, a Gram-positive bacterium, is responsible for human listeriosis. Infection with Listeria has been associated with the consumption of contaminated and/or inadequately cooked food, particularly dairy products, leafy vegetables, fish, and meat. The main clinical manifestations include diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, which are usually followed by fever and flu-like symptoms. Listeriosis affects pregnant women in about one in seven (14%) cases. They are approximately 10 times more likely to catch the disease than the general population. Although Listeria infection during pregnancy is usually uncomplicated for the mother, fetal and neonatal infection can be severe and fatal. Animal studies have shown a dose-response relationship between L. monocytogenes bacterial load and adverse pregnancy outcome, mainly pregnancy loss. Fetal and neonatal infection occurs through the transplacental passage of the bacterium or through exposure in the perinatal period. In pregnant women Listeria infection was associated with fetal loss, preterm birth, neonatal infection or neonatal death. Blood culture is the principal diagnostic tool and the antibiotic of choice for the treatment of listeriosis is penicillin, with high doses injected intravenously for at least 14 days. In case of suspected or confirmed maternal listeriosis, a program of fetal surveillance should be implemented. Common fetal ultrasound findings in listeria infection include non-immune hydrops, intracranial calcifications, and intrauterine fetal demise. Strategies for the prevention of listeriosis, including avoiding unpasteurized dairy products, uncooked food and leftover food, have significantly decreased the number of cases of infection. Prevention in pregnant women can be achieved by sticking to prophylactic measures and strict diet recommendations.","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"20-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68061218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chikungunya Fever: A New Concern For the Western Hemisphere","authors":"Jennifer Calder, D. Calder","doi":"10.2174/1874279301509010013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874279301509010013","url":null,"abstract":"Chikungunya virus has spread from Tanzania and has caused autochthonous transmission throughout Africa and Asia, and most recently in Europe, and the Americas. Transmission into new geographical areas has been facilitated by many factors including international travel, genetic adaptation of the virus to the vectors, and a breakdown of vector control measures. The economic impact on affected countries may be severe as a result of the immediate effect on the healthcare services and loss of man-hours as well as the potential effect on tourism. Effective control will require early diagnosis and isolation of viremic persons as well as enhanced environmental measures. To stop transmission in the region will require a regional effort that involves public education and an interdisciplinary One Health approach.","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68061176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, C-Reactive Protein and Procalcitonin in Infections of the Spine and Infections in Spinal Cord Injury Patients","authors":"J. A. Buensalido, M. Reyes","doi":"10.2174/1874279301509010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874279301509010001","url":null,"abstract":"The most widely used inflammatory markers are erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT). A review of the literature was done on their application in spinal infections and spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. ESR, CRP and PCT as markers of infection have their uses in various but specific medical conditions. SCI patients are unique because they are in a chronic state of inflammation. In these patients, CRP >50 mg/L may support the diagnosis of true UTI. In those with chronic infections of the spine/vertebrae, an ESR of >20-30 mm/h appears superior to an elevated CRP for diagnosis, although it is still preferred to do both tests. Serum PCT of >0.4 ng/mL was reported to be highly specific in diagnosing acute osteomyelitis, but evidence was very limited. No study on PCT for chronic osteomyelitis was found. In post-spine surgery patients, CRP is more useful than ESR, while PCT is superior to CRP in detection of post-operative infections because the former does not rise too high, even after major neurosurgery. PCT of >0.5 ng/mL is reasonable evidence to start antibiotics and further investigation, while levels <0.1 ng/mL suggest absence of infection. CRP is inferior to PCT in diagnosing post-spine surgery infections, but it may be used when cost is an issue or when PCT is unavailable. This is the first literature review of the most widely used biomarkers, including PCT, and their application in the diagnosis of infections of the spine and infections in SCI patients.","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68061166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}