The European journal of cognitive psychology最新文献_第7页

Rules versus statistics in reading aloud: New evidence on an old debate 朗读中的规则与统计:旧辩论的新证据

The European journal of cognitive psychology Pub Date : 2010-01-06 DOI: 10.1080/09541440902978365

C. Perry, J. Ziegler, M. Braun, M. Zorzi

{"title":"Rules versus statistics in reading aloud: New evidence on an old debate","authors":"C. Perry, J. Ziegler, M. Braun, M. Zorzi","doi":"10.1080/09541440902978365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440902978365","url":null,"abstract":"Nonword reading performance, that is, the ability to generate plausible pronunciations to novel items, has probably been the hardest test case for computational models of reading aloud. This is an area where rule-based models, such as the Dual-Route Cascaded (DRC) model, typically outperformed connectionist learning models. However, what is the evidence that people apply rules when reading nonwords? This was investigated in German. Nonwords were created that allowed us to test whether people apply an abstract rule to determine vowel length or whether they would be sensitive to the statistical distribution of vowel length in the mental lexicon. The human data showed a great amount of variability in nonword pronunciations. Simulations of these nonwords, where the DRC was contrasted with a fully implemented and freely available German version of the connectionist dual process model (German_CDP+), a model that learns the statistical mapping between spelling and sound, showed that CDP+ provided a better account of the data than the DRC. These results support the view that rule based models may simply approximate patterns of language use rather than provide an accurate description of the underlying cognitive machinery.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"20 1","pages":"798 - 812"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82765020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Dual representation of item positions in verbal short-term memory: Evidence for two access modes. 言语短时记忆中项目位置的双重表征：两种存取模式的证据

The European journal of cognitive psychology Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/09541440903155658

Elke B Lange, Paul Verhaeghen, John Cerella

引用次数: 0

Preparing fingers within and between hands: Examining the maximal preparation benefit in older age 手内和手间手指的准备:检查老年人的最大准备效益

The European journal of cognitive psychology Pub Date : 2009-11-05 DOI: 10.1080/09541440802685573

Sofie Moresi, J. Adam, Pascal W. M. Van Gerven, Barbara G. Werrij, M. V. van Boxtel, J. Jolles

引用次数: 2

Is phonological short-term memory related to phonological analysis stages in auditory sentence processing? 语音短期记忆与听觉句子加工中的语音分析阶段有关吗?

The European journal of cognitive psychology Pub Date : 2009-11-05 DOI: 10.1080/09541440902733216

S. Majerus, J. Lorent

{"title":"Is phonological short-term memory related to phonological analysis stages in auditory sentence processing?","authors":"S. Majerus, J. Lorent","doi":"10.1080/09541440902733216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440902733216","url":null,"abstract":"Despite extensive research, the role of phonological short-term memory (STM) during oral sentence comprehension remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that phonological STM is involved in phonological analysis stages of the incoming words, but not in sentence comprehension per se. We compared phonological STM capacity and processing times for natural sentences and sentences containing phonetically ambiguous words. The sentences were presented for an auditory sentence anomaly judgement task and processing times for each word were measured. STM was measured via nonword and word immediate serial recall tasks, indexing phonological and lexicosemantic STM capacity, respectively. Significantly increased processing times were observed for phonetically ambiguous words, relative to natural stimuli in same sentence positions. Phonological STM capacity correlated with the size of this phonetic ambiguity effect. However, phonological STM capacity did not correlate with measures of later semantic integration processes while lexicosemantic STM did. This study suggests that phonological STM is associated with phonological analysis processes during sentence processing.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"21 1","pages":"1200 - 1225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85344847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Causal powers and preventers: An explanatory account of cue interaction effects in human causal judgement 因果力与预防:人类因果判断中线索相互作用效应的解释性解释

The European journal of cognitive psychology Pub Date : 2009-11-05 DOI: 10.1080/09541440802539531

P. White

{"title":"Causal powers and preventers: An explanatory account of cue interaction effects in human causal judgement","authors":"P. White","doi":"10.1080/09541440802539531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440802539531","url":null,"abstract":"According to the causal powers theory, all causal relations are understood in terms of causal powers of one thing producing an effect by acting on liability of another thing. Powers can vary in strength, and their operation also depends on the presence of preventers. When an effect occurs, there is a need to account for the occurrence by assigning sufficient strength to produce it to its possible causes. Contingency information is used to estimate strengths of powers and preventers and the extent to which they account for occurrences and nonoccurrences of the outcome. People make causal judgements from contingency information by processes of inference that interpret evidence in terms of this fundamental understanding. From this account it is possible to derive a computational model based on a common set of principles that involve estimating strengths, using these estimates to interpret ambiguous information, and integrating the resultant evidence in a weighted averaging model. It is shown that the model predicts cue interaction effects in human causal judgement, including forward and backward blocking, second and third order backward blocking, forward and backward conditioned inhibition, recovery from overshadowing, superlearning, and backward superlearning.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"82 1","pages":"1226 - 1274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79787154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Effects of referential ambiguity, time constraints and addressee orientation on the production of morphologically complex words 指称歧义、时间约束和收件人取向对词形复杂词生成的影响

The European journal of cognitive psychology Pub Date : 2009-11-05 DOI: 10.1080/09541440902719025

Jens Bölte, Andrea Böhl, C. Dobel, P. Zwitserlood

{"title":"Effects of referential ambiguity, time constraints and addressee orientation on the production of morphologically complex words","authors":"Jens Bölte, Andrea Böhl, C. Dobel, P. Zwitserlood","doi":"10.1080/09541440902719025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440902719025","url":null,"abstract":"In five experiments, participants were asked to describe unambiguously a target picture in a picture–picture paradigm. In the same-category condition, target (e.g., water bucket) and distractor picture (e.g., ice bucket) had identical names when their preferred, morphologically simple, name was used (e.g., bucket). The ensuing lexical ambiguity could be resolved by compound use (e.g., water bucket). Simple names sufficed as means of specification in other conditions, with distractors identical to the target, completely unrelated, or geometric figures. With standard timing parameters, participants produced mainly ambiguous answers in Experiment 1. An increase in available processing time hardly improved unambiguous responding (Experiment 2). A referential communication instruction (Experiment 3) increased the number of compound responses considerably, but morphologically simple answers still prevailed. Unambiguous responses outweighed ambiguous ones in Experiment 4, when timing parameters were further relaxed. Finally, the requirement to name both objects resulted in a nearly perfect ambiguity resolution (Experiment 5). Together, the results showed that speakers overcome lexical ambiguity only when time permits, when an addressee perspective is given and, most importantly, when their own speech overtly signals the ambiguity.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"23 1","pages":"1166 - 1199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74305312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Animacy in the adjunction of Spanish RCs to complex NPs 西班牙rc与复杂np结合的动画性

The European journal of cognitive psychology Pub Date : 2009-11-05 DOI: 10.1080/09541440802622824

Carlos Acuña-Fariña, I. Fraga, J. García-Orza, Ana P. Piñeiro

引用次数: 21

Predictive gaze cues affect face evaluations: The effect of facial emotion. 预测性凝视线索影响面部评价:面部情绪的影响。

The European journal of cognitive psychology Pub Date : 2009-11-01 Epub Date: 2009-01-20 DOI: 10.1080/09541440802553490

Andrew P Bayliss, Debra Griffiths, Steven P Tipper

引用次数: 47

High working memory load leads to more Ebbinghaus illusion 高工作记忆负荷导致更多的艾宾浩斯错觉

The European journal of cognitive psychology Pub Date : 2009-09-16 DOI: 10.1080/09541440802689302

J. D. de Fockert, Si-Yuan Wu

引用次数: 19

New perspectives in assessing deception: The evolution of the truth machine 评估欺骗的新视角:真相机器的进化

The European journal of cognitive psychology Pub Date : 2009-09-16 DOI: 10.1080/09541440802678347

S. Mastroberardino, Valerio Santangelo

引用次数: 1