Prevention and control : the official journal of the World Heart Federation最新文献

{"title":"A call for a gender specific approach to address the worldwide cardiovascular burden","authors":"Nahid Azad ,&nbsp;Sania Nishtar","doi":"10.1016/j.precon.2005.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precon.2005.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among non-communicable diseases are already a major public health challenge worldwide. A further increase in CVD is projected to occur over the next 25 years as a result of both adverse lifestyle changes and demographic shifts in the population age profile. The adverse impact of these health problems will affect women in particular, given the steady rise in the proportion of the aging population that will be women.</p><p>The critical issue presently in the management of CVD is that we are not even adequately using the data that are available. Women still remain unaware that they are at risk, and information about women is not easily accessible to their physicians. This is a global issue and the need remains for worldwide initiatives with greater vigilance to identify these factors and make efforts to control them effectively.</p><p>Currently, in scientific research, it is expected that the results of clinical research be analyzed for sex differences, sex- and gender-appropriateness, and sex- and gender-specific approaches for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and counseling. To address the care discrepancy, the global community needs to develop a conducive environment within a comprehensive policy and operational framework to achieve favorable lifestyles, and CVD risk factor reduction for both men and women.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":88300,"journal":{"name":"Prevention and control : the official journal of the World Heart Federation","volume":"1 3","pages":"Pages 223-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.precon.2005.10.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55009857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Website reviews","authors":"Hongbo Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.precon.2005.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precon.2005.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88300,"journal":{"name":"Prevention and control : the official journal of the World Heart Federation","volume":"1 3","pages":"Pages 273-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.precon.2005.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136849137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UN news","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.precon.2005.06.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precon.2005.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88300,"journal":{"name":"Prevention and control : the official journal of the World Heart Federation","volume":"1 3","pages":"Pages 267-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.precon.2005.06.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91598489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building awareness through a social marketing project in Russia","authors":"Helen Alderson","doi":"10.1016/j.precon.2005.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precon.2005.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88300,"journal":{"name":"Prevention and control : the official journal of the World Heart Federation","volume":"1 3","pages":"Pages 261-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.precon.2005.06.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55009836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building national capacity for cardiovascular disease prevention in low–medium income countries: The Nigerian Heart Foundation experience","authors":"Kingsley K. Akinroye ,&nbsp;Pascal Bovet ,&nbsp;Moses Tanimowo","doi":"10.1016/j.precon.2005.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precon.2005.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88300,"journal":{"name":"Prevention and control : the official journal of the World Heart Federation","volume":"1 3","pages":"Pages 263-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.precon.2005.10.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55009866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"Andy Wielgosz (Editor-in-Chief)","doi":"10.1016/j.precon.2005.06.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precon.2005.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88300,"journal":{"name":"Prevention and control : the official journal of the World Heart Federation","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 153-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.precon.2005.06.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137088312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular mortality and risk factors: Is Poland repeating the US experience of 30 years ago?","authors":"Mark W. Massing ,&nbsp;Stefan L. Rywik ,&nbsp;Grazyna B. Broda ,&nbsp;Bogdan Jasinski ,&nbsp;Andrzej Pajak ,&nbsp;Herman A. Tyroler ,&nbsp;O. Dale Williams ,&nbsp;Teri A. Manolio","doi":"10.1016/j.precon.2005.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precon.2005.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been leading causes of death in the United States (US) and Poland. CVD and coronary heart disease (CHD) death rates have changed in both countries in recent decades. We examined these mortality trends in the two countries and considered their relations to contemporaneous changes in risk factor exposures.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Mortality and population data were obtained from the Polish Main Statistical Office (1970–96), the US Community Structures Project (1962–67), and the US National Center for Health Statistics (1968–2000). Best-fit, age-standardized, mortality rate trend curves for ages 35–64 years were generated with local regression and were quantified with piecewise log-linear regression. Contemporaneous risk factor exposures were obtained from published sources and from Pol-MONICA data.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>While mortality rates leveled and declined in the US, they increased in Poland resulting in Polish rates exceeding those of US Caucasians and approaching or exceeding those of African Americans. Increasing mortality rate trends in Poland reversed in 1991, and declined thereafter, especially for CHD. US mortality declines were accompanied by reductions in multiple risk factors. Decreased risk factor exposures were noted during CHD declines in Poland, but differed somewhat from the US experience.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The reversal of increasing CVD mortality rate trends in Poland during the 1990s is reminiscent of a similar reversal in the US 30 years earlier and was accompanied by reduced risk factor exposures in both countries. The similarity of experiences comparing the two countries demonstrates the importance of efforts to reduce population exposures to preventable risk factors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":88300,"journal":{"name":"Prevention and control : the official journal of the World Heart Federation","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 165-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.precon.2005.06.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55009825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving hydrogenated fat for the world population","authors":"Fred A. Kummerow","doi":"10.1016/j.precon.2005.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precon.2005.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydrogenated fat made from vegetable or fish oils has served as an increasing source of calories in both developed and developing countries since its introduction into the diet in 1919. The <em>trans</em> isomers formed during hydrogenation serve as an energy source and have been assumed to act in the same way as the <em>trans</em> fatty acid in butter fat or the tallow rendered from the fat of ruminant animals. More recent studies with porcine fed butter fat vs. hydrogenated fat using corn oil as a control indicated, however, that <em>trans</em> fatty acids in hydrogenated fat inhibit acyl-CoA desaturase enzyme activities. Such activities are involved in the metabolic conversion of essential fatty acids (EFA) to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which remodel the vascular cell membrane fatty acids composition resulting in calcification of vascular tissue. The <em>trans</em> fatty acids in butter and ruminant fat do not inhibit acyl-CoA desaturase or remodel vascular cell membrane fatty acid composition. <em>Trans</em> fatty acids in hydrogenated fats increase the production of inflammatory cytokines associated with the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Cytokines have a stimulating effect on cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and may inhibit prostacyclin synthase. The elimination of <em>trans</em> fatty acids from hydrogenated fat is desirable for three reasons: they remodel vascular cell membrane fatty acid composition so that the influx of calcium increases; they inhibit prostacyclin synthesis; and they increase the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Vegetable oils can be hydrogenated and rearranged with unhydrogenated vegetable oils to contain no <em>trans</em> or isomeric fatty acids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":88300,"journal":{"name":"Prevention and control : the official journal of the World Heart Federation","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 157-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.precon.2005.05.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55009813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropometrical measures are easily obtainable sensitive and specific predictors of insulin resistance in healthy individuals","authors":"Juan Ybarra ,&nbsp;Joan Sanchez-Hernandez ,&nbsp;Jose Maria Pou ,&nbsp;Sandra Fernández ,&nbsp;Ignasi Gich ,&nbsp;Jordi Ordóñez-Llanos ,&nbsp;Jeroni Jurado ,&nbsp;Alberto de Leiva ,&nbsp;Antonio Pérez","doi":"10.1016/j.precon.2005.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precon.2005.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>To investigate whether user-friendly anthropometrical variables, i.e., waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) can properly identify insulin resistance (IR) in healthy subjects.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A cross-sectional study was carried out with 164 disease-free subjects (78 males and 86 females aged 22–50 years) recruited from hospital staff in Barcelona (Spain) over a period of one year. BMI, WC, blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, glucose and insulin were measured by standard methods. IR was defined as homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-IR equal to or greater than 3,8.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The prevalence of IR was 29.9% (males 39.5%, females 21.8%; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.017). Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis identified WC (<em>r</em>² <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.496; <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.0005) as the only independent predictor of IR in the whole group. WC (<em>r</em>² <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.499; <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.0005) was the only variable that predicted IR in men and BMI (<em>r</em>² <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.506; <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.0005) in women. WC above 88 cm for women and 102 cm for men predicted IR with a sensitivity of 90.9% and 100%, and a specificity of 71.7% and 51.6%, respectively. However, receiving operator characteristics (ROC) curve analysis showed optimal WC values of 106.5 and 97.5 cm for men and women, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>WC is a simple, non-invasive and efficient tool for the screening of IR in the general population. Finally, taking into account that cut-off points of WC are population-specific, it will be of considerable interest to establish the relationship of WC with metabolic complications in all ethnic groups in order to generate useful critical values.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":88300,"journal":{"name":"Prevention and control : the official journal of the World Heart Federation","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 175-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.precon.2005.05.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55009771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-HDL-cholesterol, waist circumference and the HOMA index: Correlations in the healthy","authors":"Juan Ybarra,&nbsp;Joan Sanchez-Hernandez,&nbsp;Antonio Pérez","doi":"10.1016/j.precon.2005.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precon.2005.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88300,"journal":{"name":"Prevention and control : the official journal of the World Heart Federation","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 183-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.precon.2005.05.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55009786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}