Michelle Maher (Specialist Registrar in Endocrinology) , Lisa Owens (Consultant Endocrinologist)
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection and female reproductive health: A narrative review","authors":"Michelle Maher (Specialist Registrar in Endocrinology) , Lisa Owens (Consultant Endocrinologist)","doi":"10.1016/j.beem.2023.101760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beem.2023.101760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound global impact, affecting people’s physical and mental health, and their social and economic circumstances. Mitigation measures have disproportionately affected women. Studies have reported menstrual cycle and psychological disturbance associated with the pandemic. Pregnancy is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 disease. Reports have also demonstrated associations between COVID-19 infection, vaccination and Long COVID syndrome and reproductive health disturbance. However, studies are limited and there may be significant geographical variation. Also there is bias amongst published studies, and menstrual cycle data was not included in COVID-19 and vaccine trials. Longitudinal population based studies are required. In this review we discuss existing data, along with recommendations for further research required in this area. We also discuss a pragmatic approach to women presenting with reproductive health disturbance in the era of the pandemic, encompassing a multi-system assessment of psychological, reproductive health and lifestyle.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8810,"journal":{"name":"Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism","volume":"37 4","pages":"Article 101760"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9977073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9918868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charlotte Steenblock (Principal Investigator in Endocrinology) , Nicole Toepfner (Senior Clinical Scientist in Paediatric Infectious Diseases) , Felix Beuschlein (Professor in Endocrinology and Head of Department) , Nikolaos Perakakis (Professor of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine) , Ranjit Mohan Anjana (Vice President & Managing Director) , Viswanathan Mohan (Director & Chief of Diabetes Research) , Nitish R. Mahapatra (Professor) , Stefan R. Bornstein (Professor & Clinic Director)
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection and its effects on the endocrine system","authors":"Charlotte Steenblock (Principal Investigator in Endocrinology) , Nicole Toepfner (Senior Clinical Scientist in Paediatric Infectious Diseases) , Felix Beuschlein (Professor in Endocrinology and Head of Department) , Nikolaos Perakakis (Professor of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine) , Ranjit Mohan Anjana (Vice President & Managing Director) , Viswanathan Mohan (Director & Chief of Diabetes Research) , Nitish R. Mahapatra (Professor) , Stefan R. Bornstein (Professor & Clinic Director)","doi":"10.1016/j.beem.2023.101761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beem.2023.101761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can infect multiple tissues, including endocrine organs, such as the pancreas, adrenal, thyroid, and adipose tissue. The main receptor for SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, is ubiquitously expressed in the cells of the endocrine organs and accordingly, the virus has been detected in various amounts in all endocrine tissues in post-mortem samples from COVID-19 patients. The infection with SARS-CoV-2 may directly lead to organ damage or dysfunction, such as hyperglycaemia or in rare cases, new-onset diabetes. Furthermore, an infection with SARS-CoV-2 may have indirect effects affecting the endocrine system. The exact mechanisms are not yet completely understood and have to be further investigated. Conversely, endocrine diseases may affect the severity of COVID-19 and emphasis has to be laid on reducing the prevalence, or enhance the treatment, of these often non-communicable diseases in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8810,"journal":{"name":"Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism","volume":"37 4","pages":"Article 101761"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9985546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9902689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"COVID-19 and metabolic syndrome","authors":"Harsha Dissanayake (Lecturer in Medicine)","doi":"10.1016/j.beem.2023.101753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beem.2023.101753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Convergence of the two pandemics: metabolic syndrome and COVID-19 over last two years has posed unprecedented challenges to individuals as well as healthcare systems. Epidemiological data suggest a close association between metabolic syndrome and COVID-19 while variety of possible pathogenic connections have been proposed while some have been proven. Despite the evidence of high risk for adverse COVID-19 outcomes in people with metabolic syndrome, little is known about the differences in efficacy and safety among people with metabolic syndrome and without. It is important to recognize that among people with metabolic syndrome This review summarizes the current knowledge and epidemiological evidence on the association between metabolic syndrome and adverse COVID-19 outcomes, pathogenic interrelationships, management considerations for acute COVID-19 and post-COVID sequalae and sustaining care of people living with metabolic syndrome with appraisal of evidence and gaps in knowledge.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8810,"journal":{"name":"Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism","volume":"37 4","pages":"Article 101753"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9977132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9902691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Endocrine manifestations of COVID-19 in children: A scoping review","authors":"Sumudu Nimali Seneviratne (Honorary Consultant Paediatric Endocrinologist & Senior Lecturer) , Chamathni Narmada Kumarihamy Karunathilake (Medical Graduate) , Chamathka Madushi Pallegama (Medical Graduate) , Thalompita Gamaralalage Malintha Lahiru (Medical Officer in Paediatrics) , Umesh Jayarajah (Senior Registrar in Surgery)","doi":"10.1016/j.beem.2023.101792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beem.2023.101792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this review, we explore associations between SARS CoV-2 infection and the endocrine system and metabolism in children and adolescents. PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar databases were searched to identify published data on endocrine manifestations of COVID-19 in children up to 31 March 2023, including diabetes, obesity, puberty, thyroid disorders, adrenal disorders and pituitary disorders. Data on changes in disease pattern/ incidence, disease control, and other effects due to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as effects of pre-existing endocrine conditions on severity of COVID-19 infection are presented, and practice points and research needs provided under each section.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8810,"journal":{"name":"Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism","volume":"37 4","pages":"Article 101792"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10303324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9915124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pituitary and SARS CoV-2: An unremitting conundrum","authors":"Cristina Capatina (Senior Lecturer) , Catalina Poiana (Professor) , Maria Fleseriu (Professor)","doi":"10.1016/j.beem.2023.101752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beem.2023.101752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is increased interest related to the impact of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) on the endocrine system and in particular on the pituitary gland. Over the course of the severe infection with acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there are both acute and delayed effects on the pituitary, related to infection and/or treatment. Hypopituitarism, pituitary apoplexy and hypophysitis have been all reported, as well as arginine vasopressin deficiency <em>(</em>diabetes insipidus) and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Furthermore, patients with acromegaly, Cushing’s disease and hypopituitarism are theoretically at increased risk of complications with COVID-19 and require close monitoring. Evidence regarding pituitary dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 continues to be gathered, as the breadth and depth of knowledge also continues to rapidly evolve. This review summarizes data analysis to date on the possible effects of COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination on patients with normal pituitary function and patients with known pituitary pathology. Though clinical systems were significantly affected, it seems there is no overall loss of biochemical control in patients with certain pituitary pathologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8810,"journal":{"name":"Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism","volume":"37 4","pages":"Article 101752"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9969757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10273606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kenneth R. Feingold (Emeritus Professor of Medicine)
{"title":"The bidirectional interaction of COVID-19 infections and lipoproteins","authors":"Kenneth R. Feingold (Emeritus Professor of Medicine)","doi":"10.1016/j.beem.2023.101751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beem.2023.101751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>COVID-19 infections decrease total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and apolipoprotein A-I, A-II, and B levels while triglyceride levels may be increased or inappropriately normal for the poor nutritional status. The degree of reduction in total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and apolipoprotein A-I are predictive of mortality. With recovery lipid/lipoprotein levels return towards pre-infection levels and studies have even suggested an increased risk of dyslipidemia post-COVID-19 infection. The potential mechanisms for these changes in lipid and lipoprotein levels are discussed. Decreased HDL-C and apolipoprotein A-I levels measured many years prior to COVID-19 infections are associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19 infections while LDL-C, apolipoprotein B, Lp (a), and triglyceride levels were not consistently associated with an increased risk. Finally, data suggest that omega-3-fatty acids and PCSK9 inhibitors may reduce the severity of COVID-19 infections. Thus, COVID-19 infections alter lipid/lipoprotein levels and HDL-C levels may affect the risk of developing COVID-19 infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8810,"journal":{"name":"Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism","volume":"37 4","pages":"Article 101751"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9951034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9902679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nitin Kapoor MD(Medicine), DM(Endocrine), PhD(University of Melbourne) (Professor of Endocrinology) , Sanjay Kalra MD(Medicine), DM(Endocrine) (Consultant Endocrinologist)
{"title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 and vitamin D","authors":"Nitin Kapoor MD(Medicine), DM(Endocrine), PhD(University of Melbourne) (Professor of Endocrinology) , Sanjay Kalra MD(Medicine), DM(Endocrine) (Consultant Endocrinologist)","doi":"10.1016/j.beem.2023.101791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beem.2023.101791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vitamin D deficiency is one of the most common vitamin deficiencies across different populations. It has primarily been implicated in the development of metabolic bone disease in adults and children. However, in recent years its role in immunomodulation has also emerged and has gained further importance since the occurrence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we describe the most recent literature on vitamin D and its impact on immunomodulatory pathways. Furthermore, the current evidence on the impact of vitamin D deficiency on COVID-19 infection, severity, and prognosis is summarised. We also highlight the key research gaps in this field that need further research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8810,"journal":{"name":"Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism","volume":"37 4","pages":"Article 101791"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10277257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9902706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Süleyman Nahit Şendur (Associate Professor) , Seda Hanife Oğuz (Associate Professor) , Uğur Ünlütürk (Professor)
{"title":"COVID-19 vaccination and thyroiditis","authors":"Süleyman Nahit Şendur (Associate Professor) , Seda Hanife Oğuz (Associate Professor) , Uğur Ünlütürk (Professor)","doi":"10.1016/j.beem.2023.101759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beem.2023.101759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>At the end of 2019, the world began to fight the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. Many vaccines have quickly been developed to control the epidemic, and with the widespread use of vaccines globally, several vaccine-related adverse events have been reported. This review mainly focused on COVID-19 vaccination-associated thyroiditis and summarized the current evidence regarding vaccine-induced subacute thyroiditis, silent thyroiditis, Graves’ disease, and Graves’ orbitopathy. The main clinical characteristics of each specific disease were outlined, and possible pathophysiological mechanisms were discussed. Finally, areas lacking evidence were specified, and a research agenda was proposed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8810,"journal":{"name":"Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism","volume":"37 4","pages":"Article 101759"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9981269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9954492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexandra Nicole Martirossian MD (Endocrinology Fellow), Anne Carol Goldberg MD (Professor of Medicine)
{"title":"Management of patients with statin intolerance","authors":"Alexandra Nicole Martirossian MD (Endocrinology Fellow), Anne Carol Goldberg MD (Professor of Medicine)","doi":"10.1016/j.beem.2022.101714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beem.2022.101714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and statins have become a cornerstone in its treatment and prevention. Despite the well-documented benefits of statins, many patients stop taking them, with adverse muscle symptoms being a commonly cited reason. Although some statin-associated adverse muscle effects are real, some can be attributed to the </span>nocebo effect, which is the patient's perception of harm. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on statin safety, particularly that related to muscle, to analyze adverse effects, and to propose various treatment strategies for the statin intolerant patient.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8810,"journal":{"name":"Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism","volume":"37 3","pages":"Article 101714"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10125408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9349263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}