Biochemical medicine and metabolic biology最新文献_第7页

Metabolic Responses of the Dopaminergic System during Hypoxia in Newborn Brain 新生儿大脑缺氧时多巴胺能系统的代谢反应

Biochemical medicine and metabolic biology Pub Date : 1994-02-01 DOI: 10.1006/bmmb.1994.1001

Pastuszko A.

{"title":"Metabolic Responses of the Dopaminergic System during Hypoxia in Newborn Brain","authors":"Pastuszko A.","doi":"10.1006/bmmb.1994.1001","DOIUrl":"10.1006/bmmb.1994.1001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of this review is to describe the relationship between the dopamine and amino acid neurotransmitter systems and cortical oxygen pressure during different levels of cerebral hypoxia using newborn piglets as an animal model, adding new data from our laboratory. The extracellular dopamine increases as the oxygen pressure in the cortex decreases. The relationship between oxygen pressure and dopamine levels is the same whether the hypoxia is induced by reduced <em>F</em><sub>i</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (high-flow hypoxia) or by hypocapnia-induced cerebral vasoconstriction (low-flow hypoxia). Thus it appears that, particularly in mild hypoxia, the extracellular level of dopamine depends primarily on the oxygen concentration in the tissue with minimal influence of parameters such as blood flow and pH. There is no \"oxygen reserve\" in the brain of newborn piglets and the extracellular levels of dopamine in the striatum increase almost linearly with decrease in oxygen pressure, with even small decreases in oxygen pressure resulting in increased dopamine levels. In contrast, the changes in extracellular concentrations of the excitatory amino acids glutamate and aspartate are variable and transient. In a majority of 2- to 5 day-old piglets even very low oxygen pressures in the brain did not result in significant alterations in the extracellular levels of glutamate and aspartate. These changes in the dopaminergic system may contribute directly and indirectly to the neuronal damage that occurs during hypoxic/ischemic insult and reoxygenation in newborn brain, particularly in the striatum. A variety of mechanisms are discussed by which dopamine, in particular extracellular dopamine, can increase cellular toxicity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8752,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical medicine and metabolic biology","volume":"51 1","pages":"Pages 1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/bmmb.1994.1001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19183317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 45

Influence of Antioxidants on Arachidonic Acid Metabolism and Platelet Function 抗氧化剂对花生四烯酸代谢及血小板功能的影响

Biochemical medicine and metabolic biology Pub Date : 1994-02-01 DOI: 10.1006/bmmb.1994.1010

Rao G.H.R., Tate M.R., Murthy M., Hebbel R.P., White J.G.

{"title":"Influence of Antioxidants on Arachidonic Acid Metabolism and Platelet Function","authors":"Rao G.H.R., Tate M.R., Murthy M., Hebbel R.P., White J.G.","doi":"10.1006/bmmb.1994.1010","DOIUrl":"10.1006/bmmb.1994.1010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Studies from our laboratory demonstrated that the free radical scavenger, nitro blue tetrazolium, and iron chelators, such as dypyrydil, are potent inhibitors of arachidonic acid oxidation and platelet function. In the present study, we have evaluated the effects of known antioxidants, such as butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and diphenylamine, on arachidonic acid metabolism and platelet function. Diphenylamine, a common dye intermediate used in hair color formulations, was the most potent inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism by platelet cyclooxygenases. Diphenyl and BHA were also potent inhibitors of arachidonic acid oxidation. Other diphenyl analogues and BHT were relatively poor inhibitors of arachidonic-mediated platelet activation. Results of this study, as well as those of our earlier studies, suggest that antioxidants and iron chelators prevent arachidonic acid metabolism and alter platelet function by interfering with the heme/arachidonic acid interaction and blocking cyclooxygenase metabolites essential for the formation of thromboxane A<sub>2</sub>, a potent platelet agonist.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8752,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical medicine and metabolic biology","volume":"51 1","pages":"Pages 74-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/bmmb.1994.1010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19183215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Molecular Diagnosis of 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency: Detection of Four Mutations on a Single Gel 21-羟化酶缺乏症的分子诊断:单个凝胶上四个突变的检测

Biochemical medicine and metabolic biology Pub Date : 1994-02-01 DOI: 10.1006/bmmb.1994.1009

Siegel S.F., Hoffman E.P., Trucco M.

引用次数: 26

Melatonin-like Immunoreactivity in the Presence of Different Chemicals as Determined by the Radioimmunoassay 放射免疫测定法测定不同化学物质存在下的褪黑激素样免疫反应性

Biochemical medicine and metabolic biology Pub Date : 1994-02-01 DOI: 10.1006/bmmb.1994.1006

Lahiri D.K., Davis D., Nurnberger J.I.

引用次数: 8

Anti-ζ Antibody Screening for α-Thalassemia Using Dried Filter Paper Blood 用干滤纸血筛选α-地中海贫血的抗ζ抗体

Biochemical medicine and metabolic biology Pub Date : 1994-02-01 DOI: 10.1006/bmmb.1994.1011

Harada F., Ireland J.H., Hsia Y.E., Chui D.H.K.

{"title":"Anti-ζ Antibody Screening for α-Thalassemia Using Dried Filter Paper Blood","authors":"Harada F., Ireland J.H., Hsia Y.E., Chui D.H.K.","doi":"10.1006/bmmb.1994.1011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1006/bmmb.1994.1011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The most common α-thalassemia in Southeast Asian or Southern Chinese populations is the (- -<sup>SEA</sup>) double α-globin deletion. Couples heterozygous for (- - <sup>SEA</sup>) have 25% risk for hydrops fetalis from loss of all four α-globin genes. The (- -<sup>SEA</sup>) deletion spares the embryonic ζ-globin genes and causes traces of ζ-peptide to persist throughout life. A colorimetric monoclonal anti-ζ antibody test for raised ζ-peptide has detected the (- -<sup>SEA</sup>) deletion in liquid blood samples, but not deletions of the entire α-globin region with loss of the ζ-globin genes. Eluates from dried blood spots had the same anti-ζ antibody color reaction as whole blood, even after storage at 4°C for up to 77 days. The anti-ζ antibody test was positive in 24 of 91 microcytic samples (mean corpuscular hemoglobin <24 pg), including four with iron deficiency; it was negative in 26 provisionally diagnosed α-thalassemia-1 heterozygotes and all 32 nonmicrocytic samples. Southern blot analysis and a specific SEA-polymerase chain reaction test confirmed that 18 anti-ζ antibody-positive samples and 1 anti-ζ antibody-negative sample had the (- -<sup>SEA</sup>) deletion. Two anti-ζ antibody-negative microcytic samples had the (- -<sup>Fil</sup>) total α-globin region deletion, 2 had single α-gene deletions, 22 others may also have had a total α-region deletion. Hence specificity was very high and sensitivity was 95%. The anti-ζ antibody test can detect the (- -<sup>SEA</sup>) deletion in dried blood samples, even after prolonged storage. This simple inexpensive test can conveniently screen samples collected at a distance from a central laboratory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8752,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical medicine and metabolic biology","volume":"51 1","pages":"Pages 80-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/bmmb.1994.1011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92096687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

An Evaluation of the Measurement of the Activities of Complexes I-IV in the Respiratory Chain of Human Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria 人骨骼肌线粒体呼吸链复合体I-IV活性测定的评价

Biochemical medicine and metabolic biology Pub Date : 1994-02-01 DOI: 10.1006/bmmb.1994.1004

Birchmachin M.A., Briggs H.L., Saborido A.A., Bindoff L.A., Turnbull D.M.

{"title":"An Evaluation of the Measurement of the Activities of Complexes I-IV in the Respiratory Chain of Human Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria","authors":"Birchmachin M.A., Briggs H.L., Saborido A.A., Bindoff L.A., Turnbull D.M.","doi":"10.1006/bmmb.1994.1004","DOIUrl":"10.1006/bmmb.1994.1004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The measurement of individual respiratory chain complexes is an important component of the investigation of diseases due to mitochondrial dysfunction. We have evaluated assays which measure complexes I to IV in human skeletal muscle mitochondria and in addition optimized these assays to provide sensitive and reliable diagnostic techniques, particularly in situations where a partial interruption at a single complex needs to identified. Using several established methods of membrane disruption we have found that optimal activities of complexes I and II are obtained by freeze-thawing the mitochondria in hypotonic potassium phosphate buffer, whereas complex III and IV activities are markedly increased by the addition of the detergent <em>n</em>-dodecyl-β-<em>D</em>-maltoside. Complex I activity is measured in the presence of 2.5 mg · ml<sup>−1</sup> bovine serum albumin, which increases rotenone sensitivity, and we have shown that NADH-cytochrome b<sub>5</sub> reductase makes an important contribution to the rotenone-insensitive NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity. Complex II activity is measured after preincubation of the mitochondrial fraction with succinate to fully activate the complex. Complex I and III activities are dependent upon the length of the isoprenoid chain of the ubiquinone and ubiquinol, respectively. These assays have been used to establish a control range.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8752,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical medicine and metabolic biology","volume":"51 1","pages":"Pages 35-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/bmmb.1994.1004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19183319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 274

Allopurinol-Enhanced Postischemic Recovery in the Isolated Pat Heart Involves Repletion of High-Energy Phosphates 别嘌呤醇增强离体心脏缺血后恢复涉及高能磷酸盐的补充

Biochemical medicine and metabolic biology Pub Date : 1994-02-01 DOI: 10.1006/bmmb.1994.1002

Pisarenko O.I., Lakomkin V.L., Studneva I.M., Timoshin A.A., Kuzmin A.I., Ruuge E.K., Kapelko V.I.

{"title":"Allopurinol-Enhanced Postischemic Recovery in the Isolated Pat Heart Involves Repletion of High-Energy Phosphates","authors":"Pisarenko O.I., Lakomkin V.L., Studneva I.M., Timoshin A.A., Kuzmin A.I., Ruuge E.K., Kapelko V.I.","doi":"10.1006/bmmb.1994.1002","DOIUrl":"10.1006/bmmb.1994.1002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effects of allopurinol (AP) on functional and metabolic recovery of the isolated rat heart after global ischemia were studied. Hearts were subjected to aerobic perfusion (30 min), cardioplegic infusion (5 min), normothermic ischemia (37 min), and reperfusion (50 min) which was started with secondary cardioplegic infusion (10 min). AP was injected into rats (44 mg/kg body wt ip 2 h before heart excision) and added to cardioplegic solution (2 mM) prior and after ischemia. AP treatment significantly improved postischemic recovery of the function and reduced the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase from reperfused hearts. These beneficial effects were accompanied by a better preservation of tissue content of ATP, the total adenine nucleotides, phosphocreatine, and the total creatine at the end of reperfusion. Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by AP substantially decreased pre- and postischemic release of xanthine and uric acid and increased postischemic release of hypoxanthine into the coronary effluent. Despite this, AP treated hearts did not exhibit a reduction in hydroxyl radical adduct formation in the effluents at reperfusion assessed by the spin-trap measurements. The results suggest that AP may protect the heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury due to enhanced energy provision rather than by prevention of oxygen-derived free radical formation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8752,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical medicine and metabolic biology","volume":"51 1","pages":"Pages 16-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/bmmb.1994.1002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19183318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Differences in the Metabolism of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-6 by the Liver and Kidney May Explain the Antihypertensive Effect of 18:3n-6 肝脏和肾脏对18:2n-6和18:3n-6代谢的差异可能解释18:3n-6的降压作用

Biochemical medicine and metabolic biology Pub Date : 1994-02-01 DOI: 10.1006/bmmb.1994.1003

Huang Y.S., Cantrill R.C., Demarco A., Campbell L., Lin X., Horrobin D.F., Mills D.E.

{"title":"Differences in the Metabolism of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-6 by the Liver and Kidney May Explain the Antihypertensive Effect of 18:3n-6","authors":"Huang Y.S., Cantrill R.C., Demarco A., Campbell L., Lin X., Horrobin D.F., Mills D.E.","doi":"10.1006/bmmb.1994.1003","DOIUrl":"10.1006/bmmb.1994.1003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study examined the <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> metabolism of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n 6 by kidney and liver in the male adult spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive (WKY) rats. In liver and kidney slices incubated for 1 h with either [1-<sup>14</sup>C]18:2n-6 or [1-<sup>14</sup>C]18:3n-6 (60 μM), substantial amounts of radioactivity were incorporated into triacylglycerol and phospholipid fractions. Approximately 15% of the radiolabeled 18:2n-6 was converted into 18:3n-6 in liver slices but no conversion was found in kidney slices. When incubated with radiolabeled 18:3n-6, over 40% of the radioactivity was metabolized mainly to 20:4n-6 in liver slices, but evenly to 20:3n-6 and 20:4n-6 in kidney slices. There were no differences between the results from SHR and those from WKY. In WKY rats given an oral bolus of radiolabeled 18:3n-6, most of the radioactivity was recovered in the liver and significantly less in the kidney. In both tissues, the radioactivity was associated initially only with 18:3n-6 and later with its elongation product, 20:3n-6. These findings indicated that the kidney, although unable to metabolize 18:2n-6, could metabolize 18:3n-6 taken up from the circulation. The effectiveness of 18:3n-6, compared to 18:2n-6, as an anti hypertensive agent may result from the provision of a post-Δ6-desaturation metabolite which can be directly converted to blood pressure-regulating eicosanoids in the kidney.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8752,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical medicine and metabolic biology","volume":"51 1","pages":"Pages 27-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/bmmb.1994.1003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18911075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Bone Marrow Transplantation Demonstrates That Carbonic Anhydrase II Deficiency Limited to Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Affects Ammonium Chloride Tolerance in Mice 骨髓移植表明，局限于骨髓源性细胞的碳酸酐酶II缺乏影响小鼠对氯化铵的耐受性

Biochemical medicine and metabolic biology Pub Date : 1994-02-01 DOI: 10.1006/bmmb.1994.1008

Biesecker L.G., Erickson R.P., Tashian R.E.

引用次数: 2

Protein Kinase C Inhibitors Enhance Differentiation of Rat Adipocyte Precursor Cells in Serum-Free Culture 蛋白激酶C抑制剂促进无血清培养大鼠脂肪前体细胞的分化

Biochemical medicine and metabolic biology Pub Date : 1994-02-01 DOI: 10.1006/bmmb.1994.1012

Shinohara O., Murata Y., Kubota C., Shinagawa T.

{"title":"Protein Kinase C Inhibitors Enhance Differentiation of Rat Adipocyte Precursor Cells in Serum-Free Culture","authors":"Shinohara O., Murata Y., Kubota C., Shinagawa T.","doi":"10.1006/bmmb.1994.1012","DOIUrl":"10.1006/bmmb.1994.1012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The involvement of protein kinase C in differentiation of rat adipocyte precursor cells in serum-free culture was evaluated by using various protein kinase inhibitors. Induction of adipose conversion, which was maximal after 10 days of culture in the presence of 5 μg/ml insulin, 10 μg/ml transferrin, and 200 pM triiodothyronine, was inhibited by the addition of protein kinase C inhibitors, H-7 and staurosporine, in a dose dependent fashion with the maximal effect at 10 μM and 10 nM, respectively. Inhibition of adipocyte differentiation by 12-<em>O</em>-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (10<sup>−8</sup>M), an activator of protein kinase C, was reversed by a concomitant addition of either 10 μM H-7 or 10 nM staurosporine. HA1004, a potent inhibitor of cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases, with minimal inhibitory activity on protein kinase C, did not affect adipose conversion. Furthermore, H-89, another isoquinoline derivative with a selective inhibitory action on cAMP-dependent protein kinase, was without effect on cellular differentiation. These results indicate that the potentiation of adipogenesis by H-7 and staurosporine is mediated by suppression of protein kinase C and that protein kinase C is involved in adipocyte differentiation in an inhibitory fashion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8752,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical medicine and metabolic biology","volume":"51 1","pages":"Pages 85-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/bmmb.1994.1012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19183217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7