Menopause international最新文献

{"title":"Vitamin D supplements for the prevention of osteoporosis judged 'inappropriate'.","authors":"Simon Brown","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87478,"journal":{"name":"Menopause international","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32075355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estradiol associated with lower thrombotic risk than conjugated equine estrogens when used as oral HRT.","authors":"Simon Brown","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87478,"journal":{"name":"Menopause international","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32075354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extended follow-up of WHI finds ‘complex’ pattern of risk and benefit.","authors":"Simon Brown","doi":"10.1177/1754045313514668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1754045313514668","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87478,"journal":{"name":"Menopause international","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1754045313514668","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31953487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Should HRT be duration limited?","authors":"Joan Pitkin","doi":"10.1177/1754045313507176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1754045313507176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) has received consistently bad press, despite re-analysis of previous data new studies and supporting Consensus Statements from leading national and international societies. Many women have been convinced by women's journals and the media not to even consider HRT as an option and, General Practitioners, still limit duration to 5 years or, will, arbitrarily, discontinue prescriptions in the early 50s. This article seeks to make sense of our current position. Previous and new evidence on the safety of HRT is reviewed. New data on the long-term consequences of non-treatment of women with Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) is presented and the dichotomy of the older female workforce is explored. From this, a logical plan of management emerges. </p>","PeriodicalId":87478,"journal":{"name":"Menopause international","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1754045313507176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31953490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of hormones on the lower urinary tract.","authors":"Dudley Robinson,&nbsp;Philip Toozs-Hobson,&nbsp;Linda Cardozo","doi":"10.1177/1754045313511398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1754045313511398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The female genital and lower urinary tracts share a common embryological origin, arising from the urogenital sinus and both are sensitive to the effects of the female sex steroid hormones throughout life. Estrogen is known to have an important role in the function of the lower urinary tract and estrogen and progesterone receptors have been demonstrated in the vagina, urethra, bladder and pelvic floor musculature. In addition estrogen deficiency occurring following the menopause is known to cause atrophic change and may be associated with lower urinary tract symptoms such as frequency, urgency, nocturia, urgency incontinence and recurrent infection. These may also co-exist with symptoms of urogenital atrophy such as dyspareunia, itching, vaginal burning and dryness. Epidemiological studies have implicated estrogen deficiency in the aetiology of lower urinary tract symptoms with 70% of women relating the onset of urinary incontinence to their final menstrual period. Whilst for many years systemic and vaginal estrogen therapy was felt to be beneficial in the treatment of lower urinary and genital tract symptoms this evidence has recently been challenged by large epidemiological studies investigating the use of systemic hormone replacement therapy as primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis. The aim of this paper is to examine the effect of the sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone, on the lower urinary tract and to review the current evidence regarding the role of systemic and vaginal estrogens in the management of lower urinary tract symptoms and urogenital atrophy. </p>","PeriodicalId":87478,"journal":{"name":"Menopause international","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1754045313511398","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31953488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stand by your man: the importance of the female in male sexual problems.","authors":"David Edwards","doi":"10.1177/1754045313513871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1754045313513871","url":null,"abstract":"These words were written several centuries ago at a time when there were cultural and religious restrictions. However, da Vinci was prepared to discuss and create anatomical diagrams of male genitalia in spite of such curbs. Many generations later there still seems to be a taboo concerning men’s health care, which is underutilised and less well provided for when compared with that of women. This article looks at how women can play an important role in ‘standing by their man’ and encouraging him to seek appropriate medical attention. Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) surely must have been one of the most influential and intelligent renaissancemen.He designed prototypes for the chain link used on bicycles, a rudimentary helicopter, as well as being a superb artist, architect and anatomist. Her Majesty the Queen has a private collection of his anatomical diagrams including various anatomical drawings of the penis. His jottings often appeared alongside such diagrams andwere sometimes difficult to decipher as they were written ‘mirror-image cursive’ from right to left. This was probably because he was left-handed, although others say it was in order to protect his thoughts from prying eyes. When looking at men’s health it is first necessary to ascertain what is involved:","PeriodicalId":87478,"journal":{"name":"Menopause international","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1754045313513871","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31953489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation and management of abnormal peri-menopausal bleeding.","authors":"Hilary Turnbull,&nbsp;Alexandra Glover,&nbsp;Edward P Morris,&nbsp;Timothy J Duncan,&nbsp;Joaquin J Nieto,&nbsp;Nikolaos Burbos","doi":"10.1177/1754045313498587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1754045313498587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abnormal peri-menopausal bleeding is a common clinical problem. Decisions to investigate if the menstrual disorders are related to an underlying pathology or represent physiologic changes are often complex especially as no clear guidance is available. The aim of this review is to present a summary of the current available evidence regarding the investigation tools used to evaluate women with abnormal uterine bleeding during menopausal transition and in the post-menopausal period. In this article, we focus mainly on the investigation and exclusion of endometrial carcinoma, as this represents the most common malignancy diagnosed. </p>","PeriodicalId":87478,"journal":{"name":"Menopause international","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1754045313498587","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31812570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current attitudes on self-use and prescription of hormone therapy among New York City gynaecologists.","authors":"Gayatri Devi,&nbsp;Fumitaka Sugiguchi,&nbsp;Anette Tønnes Pedersen,&nbsp;Dana Abrassart,&nbsp;Michele Glodowski,&nbsp;Lila Nachtigall","doi":"10.1177/1754045313478941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1754045313478941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The results of the Women's Health Initiative studies dramatically altered hormone therapy use around the world. In countries outside the United States, self-use in physicians remained unaltered while prescription use declined, implying that physicians may not concur with the findings. We wished to explore prevailing attitudes among American physicians by examining New York City obstetrician-gynaecologists' self-use and prescription use of hormone therapy.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>All board-certified obstetrician-gynaecologists in New York City were invited to complete and return a detailed, previously validated questionnaire concerning hormone therapy use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two hundred and nine questionnaires were returned, for a response rate of 12% (209/1797). Gynaecologists agreed with the findings from the Women's Health Initiative studies regarding indications and contraindications to hormone therapy use. Even so, three-quarters of female gynaecologists and female partners of male gynaecologists (74%; 67/91) use or have previously used hormone therapy. However, only 27.3% (21/77) of male gynaecologists and 12.3% (14/114) of female gynaecologists recommend hormone therapy to all menopausal women regardless of contraindications. Gynaecologists remain divided in their attitude toward hormone therapy; 30% of gynaecologists felt that hormone therapy use generally prolonged women's lives, 36% felt it was not useful in prolonging women's lives, and 33% were unsure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Since the publication of the Women's Health Initiative findings, New York City gynaecologists prescribe hormone therapy to fewer patients. However, they continue to self-use hormone therapy at much higher rates, even as they seem to concur with Women's Health Initiative recommendations, contributing to the ongoing controversy surrounding the validity of the Women's Health Initiative findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":87478,"journal":{"name":"Menopause international","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1754045313478941","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31594140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular disease in menopause: does the obstetric history have any bearing?","authors":"Amita A Mahendru,&nbsp;Edward Morris","doi":"10.1177/1754045313495675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1754045313495675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in menopausal women in spite of the overall reduction in age-adjusted mortality from the disease in the last few years. It is now clear that mechanisms of cardiovascular disease in menopausal women are similar to men and rather than midlife acceleration of cardiovascular disease in women, the final impact of cardiovascular disease in later life may be a reflection of cardiovascular changes during reproductive years as a result of woman's obstetric history. A decade after the Women's Health Initiative trial, there is upcoming evidence to suggest that hormone replacement therapy in young recently menopausal women has a cardioprotective effect. Cardiovascular changes during normal pregnancy or pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia may affect a woman's long-term cardiovascular health. Therefore, it is plausible that the cardioprotective benefit of hormone replacement therapy depends on occult pre-existing cardiovascular risks in women in relation to their previous obstetric history. In this review, we describe the cardiovascular changes during and after pregnancy in obstetric complications such as recurrent miscarriage, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm labour and gestational diabetes; existing evidence regarding their association with cardiovascular disease later in life, and hypothesize possible mechanisms. Our aim is to improve the understanding and highlight the importance of including obstetric history in risk assessment in menopausal women and individualizing their risks before prescribing hormone replacement therapy. Future research in risk benefit assessment of hormone replacement therapy should also account for a woman's background cardiovascular risk in the light of her obstetric history. </p>","PeriodicalId":87478,"journal":{"name":"Menopause international","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1754045313495675","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31653128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Male preference for younger women explains today’s menopausal age.","authors":"Simon Brown","doi":"10.1177/1754045313500890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1754045313500890","url":null,"abstract":"Among several evolutionary explanations for the menopause, the most frequently heard is that female longevity has overtaken the point at which women cease to become fertile. The fixed stock of ovarian follicles has simply depleted long before death, and chronological ageing has progressed more slowly than ovarian ageing. So today, most women in developed countries can expect around 30 years of active life after the menopause, even though that activity excludes the ability to conceive and deliver a baby. And one anthropological reason why that cut-off age has for so long been fixed at around 50 is that women giving birth at an older age would not have the ability to help their children grow and become adults. In terms of evolutionary theory, according to a recent report, this has prompted two explanations for the menopause: trade-offs between prolonged life span and reproduction; and fitness benefits for older, nonreproductive women through increasing the reproductive success of their offspring (the ‘‘grandmother effect’’ whereby older women must not look after their own children but are fit enough to help their grandchildren). This same report, however, has now suggested a third evolutionary explanation for the menopause – that human male ‘‘mating preference’’ for younger women has led to the accumulation of gene mutations which are incompatible with female fertility, and thus to the menopause. As ever, it is the man who gets the blame. The theory was tested in a ‘‘two-sex computational model’’ which showed that ‘‘neither an assumption of pre-existing diminished fertility in older women nor a requirement of benefits derived from older, nonreproducing women assisting younger women in rearing children’’ is necessary to explain the origin of menopause. Instead, this complicated model was based on an evolving population with constant size, without preexisting diminished fertility in females, and incorporating mutations that affected fertility as well as mortality. However, only when a matrix involving male preference for younger females was added to the model did femalespecific mutations with a late age of onset begin to accumulate in the population – otherwise infertilitycausing mutations did not accumulate, fertility and survival remained high, and there was no menopause. Indeed, the model suggested that, if the matrix were to encode female preference for younger males (rather than male preference for younger females), the role of the sexes would be reversed. ‘‘Male menopause never arose because male-specific infertility-causing mutations were subjected to purifying selection and did not accumulate,’’ the investigators propose. Only in women did the fertility mutations arise and accumulate. Bringing this futuristic model back down to earth, one of the investigators, evolutionary geneticist Professor Rama Singh from McMaster University in Canada, told reporters that men choosing younger partners were ‘‘stacking the odds’’ against continued fertility","PeriodicalId":87478,"journal":{"name":"Menopause international","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1754045313500890","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31763518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}