Skull base surgery最新文献

{"title":"Structure des populations de Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn. (karité) dans les parcs agroforestiers au Burkina Faso","authors":"H. Ouoba, B. Bastide, S. A. Kaboré, Josiane Seghieri, I. J. Boussim","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.20329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.20329","url":null,"abstract":"Description du sujet. Au Burkina Faso, le karité est une espèce hautement utilitaire conservée par les producteurs dans un système intégré d’utilisation des terres, dénommé parc agroforestier, dont la pérennité est menacée. Objectifs. Caractériser la structure des populations de karité afin de mettre en évidence les zones prioritaires pour la restauration. Méthode. Les sites d’étude, répartis selon un gradient climatique, sont au nombre de six. Des inventaires phytosociologiques ont été menés dans 10 parcelles permanentes de 2 500m² chacune par site, soit cinq parcelles dans des champs et cinq dans des jachères d’âges > 15 ans. Résultats. Il a été dénombré 41 espèces ligneuses réparties dans 30 genres et 16 familles. La structure des peuplements dans le secteur subsahélien est dégradée. Dans le secteur nord soudanien, la structure est caractérisée par une population de karité vieillissante dans les champs, alors que les jachères présentent un fort potentiel de régénération. Le sud soudanien est marqué par la prédominance des jeunes individus. Au premier stade, la régénération est importante mais elle disparait rapidement sous l’effet combiné de plusieurs facteurs mésologiques. Le secteur subsahélien et les champs dans le nord soudanien sont les sites prioritaires en termes de repeuplement des parcs à karité. Conclusions. Le karité doit faire l’objet de régénération assistée et de protection contre la coupe à l’échelle de son aire de distribution au Burkina Faso.","PeriodicalId":87455,"journal":{"name":"Skull base surgery","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80281425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of contrasted bioavailable silicon inputs in a hydroponic system on the development of maize plants (Zea mays L.)","authors":"N. Leroy, F. Verheggen","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.20103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.20103","url":null,"abstract":"Description of the subject. Silicon is a beneficial chemical element, considered as “quasi-essential” for plant growth and production. Seven of the top ten most important crops in the world are silicon-accumulating Poaceae species, maize being one of them. However, the beneficial role of Si for plants is still under debate. Objectives. In this study, we evaluate the impact of three silicon concentrations in a nutrient solution on the development of maize plants. Method. We cultivated maize plants in a hydroponic system allowing to provide three contrasted silicon fertilization: (1) a silicon-deficient medium (0.05 mM); (2) a medium silicon supply, comparable to what can be found in an agricultural soil (0.6 mM); and (3) a highly enriched silicon medium (2.0 mM), named Si-, Si+ and Si++, respectively. Results. We found the silicon contents in aerial parts of plants to be strongly impacted by the concentration available in the growing medium: 0.247 g Si·kg-1 DW (Si-), 5.707 g Si·kg-1 DW (Si+) and 8.731 g Si·kg-1 DW (Si++). However, neither plant size nor phenology were impacted by silicon supplies. Both fresh leaf weight (+15.5%) and dry leaf weight (+13.5%) increased under Si++ (compared to Si-). Finally, neither root fresh weight nor root dry weight was impacted by Si fertilization. Conclusions. We conclude that increase in the concentration of Si in nutrient solution leads to increase in fresh and dry weight of the maize leaves.","PeriodicalId":87455,"journal":{"name":"Skull base surgery","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74121063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is small beautiful ? L’irrigation dans le delta du fleuve Sénégal, une question de taille","authors":"El Hadji Malick Sylla, B. Barbier, S. Seck, P. V. Damme, S. Niang, Cheikh Ahmed Tidiane Faye","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.20362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.20362","url":null,"abstract":"Description du sujet. Le débat sur la relation entre la taille des exploitations agricoles et les résultats de production est ancien, mais il n’est pas encore tranché. Au Sénégal, ce débat est alimenté par le fait que les gouvernements récents tendent à favoriser des exploitations irriguées de grande taille, alors que les premiers périmètres distribués étaient de très petites parcelles. Objectifs. Cet article contribue à identifier, dans une zone où il y a des grandes et des petites exploitations, le type d’exploitation qui produit le plus et qui a les meilleurs rendements. Méthode. Une enquête a été réalisée auprès de 326 ménages de riziculteurs dans les communes de Diama et de Ross Béthio, sises dans le delta du fleuve Sénégal. Résultats. Les petites exploitations obtiennent de meilleurs rendements mais leurs revenus globaux sont trop faibles. Les plus grandes exploitations rizicoles réalisent des rendements moins importants mais permettent à leurs exploitants d’obtenir des revenus suffisants pour vivre et faire fonctionner l’exploitation. Selon nos enquêtes, les couts de production sont les principaux facteurs explicatifs des rendements parmi les riziculteurs enquêtés. Les petits producteurs ont des couts de production relativement élevés pour maximiser leur profit là où les grands exploitants limitent les couts de production pour obtenir des rendements qui restent acceptables pour un revenu d’exploitation décent. Conclusions. Pour mieux lutter contre la pauvreté et atteindre l’autosuffisance en riz, les politiques agricoles devraient permettre aux petits cultivateurs de capter de nouveaux investissements et encourager les grands producteurs à investir plus dans la riziculture afin d’augmenter leurs rendements et leurs profits.","PeriodicalId":87455,"journal":{"name":"Skull base surgery","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86445587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluctuation des populations et évaluation des dégâts des mouches de fruits (Diptera : Tephritidae) dans les parcs à karité de l’Ouest du Burkina Faso : cas du transect Koumbia-Dano","authors":"Issaka Zida, Alizèta Sawadogo, Salamata Djiguemdé, B. Bastide","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.20186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.20186","url":null,"abstract":"Description du sujet. La pulpe des fruits du karité est consommée par les communautés rurales, surtout en période de soudure. Cependant, les fruits du karité sont sujets aux attaques des mouches de fruits qui compromettent l’utilisation de la pulpe. Objectifs. Suivre la fluctuation des populations de mouches de fruits, établir la diversité spécifique des mouches de fruits et évaluer l’importance des dégâts occasionnés sur les fruits du karité. Méthode. Un système de piégeage constitué de pièges de type Tephri trap ayant fonctionné avec des attractifs sexuels a été installé dans les parcs à karité. Un échantillonnage des fruits de karité à maturité physiologique et/ou commerciale a été effectué toutes les deux semaines et incubé au laboratoire. Résultats. Six espèces de mouches de fruits ont été capturées avec une prédominance de Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (42,21 % des captures) et de Ceratitis silvestrii Bezzi (40,55 % des captures). Deux espèces de mouches de fruits, Ceratitis silvestrii et Ceratitis quinaria Bezzi et deux espèces de parasitoïdes, Psytallia concolor Szépligeti et Fopius caudatus Szépligeti, ont émergé des fruits incubés. Les indices de dégâts (50 à 57,77 % en fonction des sites) et les taux d’infestation (83,70 à 953,84 adultes·kg-1 de fruits) les plus élevés ont été enregistrés en pleine saison de production fruitière du karité au mois de juin. Conclusions. Les parasitoïdes identifiés pourront être utilisés dans l’élaboration de méthodes de gestion agro-écologique de ces ravageurs dans les parcs agroforestiers.","PeriodicalId":87455,"journal":{"name":"Skull base surgery","volume":"267 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79014467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stocks de carbone des systèmes agroforestiers de la zone soudano-sahélienne du Cameroun, Afrique centrale","authors":"Elvire José Djiongo Boukeng, M. Avana, L. Zapfack, A. Desrochers, Imelda Gaëlle Maaku Dzo, Louis-Paul-Roger Kabelong Banoho, Damase P. Khasa","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.20143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.20143","url":null,"abstract":"Description du sujet. Les systèmes agroforestiers (SAF) en périphérie des aires protégées fortement anthropisées apparaissent comme les systèmes de production les plus adaptés pour fournir une multitude de services écosystémiques tout en réduisant la pression sur les ressources naturelles. Ils constituent en effet d’importants puits de carbone dont le rôle compensatoire dans le processus d'atténuation au changement climatique reste peu connu. Objectifs. Évaluer le potentiel de stockage de carbone des SAF de la zone périphérique du Parc National de Bouba Ndjidda ainsi que la valeur financière de ces stocks de carbone. Méthode. Les données ont été collectées dans quatre types de SAF, à savoir les plantations éparses (PE), les haies vives (HV), les jardins de case (JC) et les jachères (JA). Un inventaire total des espèces ligneuses a été effectué et les données dendrométriques collectées dans 37 parcelles de 50 m x 50 m (8,5 ha). Les pools considérés pour l’évaluation des stocks de carbone sont la partie aérienne, la partie souterraine, la biomasse des herbacées et juvéniles, la litière et le sol. La biomasse ligneuse a été évaluée par des équations allométriques. Les analyses statistiques ont consisté en des tests de comparaisons multiples entre les stocks de carbone des différents pools des SAF d’une part et ceux des SAF entre eux d’autre part. Résultats. Les stocks de carbone totaux variaient de 26,9 t C·ha-1 pour les jachères (JA) à 31,9 t C·ha-1 pour les haies vives (HV). Les stocks de carbone moyen du sol représentaient 31 à 59 % du carbone total et diminuaient significativement avec la profondeur du sol. En termes de paiements pour services écosystémiques, les prix des stocks de carbone des SAF étaient estimés entre 986 et 1 170 USD·ha-1. Conclusions. Les SAF de la région soudano-sahélienne jouent un rôle écologique et économique important en contribuant significativement à la lutte contre les changements climatiques à travers le stockage du carbone.","PeriodicalId":87455,"journal":{"name":"Skull base surgery","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86545963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First experiences to ground agroforestry Innovation Platforms into their local institutional context","authors":"J. Brouwers, D. Sanogo, Tionyélé Fayama, D. Dabiré, Brigitte Bastide, J. Seghieri, V. Ingram, J. Berg","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.20340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.20340","url":null,"abstract":"Description of the subject. We present a literature overview of innovation platform practices in Africa, combined with case studies of sub-national platforms established in Senegal and Burkina Faso. Objectives. The main objective was to understand how the facilitation process of innovation platforms can become more effective. Two specific objectives were to study RAMSES II innovation platform cases in Senegal and Burkina Faso where we observed and reflect on the facilitation of agroforestry innovation platforms. A final objective was to position the case results in a literature overview of IP experiences in Africa. Method. Information on innovation platforms was collected by combining an analysis of RAMSES II agroforestry innovation platform cases and an innovation platform literature review. Results. The study illustrates how the organizational position of the facilitating research agents contributed to shaping platform agendas, functions, and outcomes. This process hinges on the deployment of legitimacy claims, which appeal to technical expertise and scientific narratives, in this case on agroforestry. Institutional embeddedness is shown to be a critical aspect of agency in innovation platform multi-actor processes, contributing to framing local understandings of agroforestry and to channel collective efforts. Conclusions. The institutional identity of facilitating research agents and their relationship to members of a platform requires a more open and process oriented role. Coordination and facilitation roles can also be taken up by other members of the platform. This enhances the platform’s ability to ground their agendas into local needs and priorities. It also enhances sustainability, as active membership during the project period prepares platform members to continue after project closure.","PeriodicalId":87455,"journal":{"name":"Skull base surgery","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83468444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caractérisation des acteurs de l’agroforesterie pour une co-conception de plateformes d’innovation suivant le transect Koumbia Guéguéré Dano au Burkina Faso","authors":"Tionyélé Fayama, Der Dabiré, B. Bastide, Josiane Wingouré Somé, Josiane Seghieri, J. Brouwers","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.20407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.20407","url":null,"abstract":"Description du sujet. En Afrique de l'Ouest, en particulier au Burkina Faso, l’intensification des parcs arborés est de plus en plus préconisée dans les interventions d’accompagnement des populations rurales confrontées à la diminution progressive des arbres dans leurs systèmes de production agricole et pastorale. Cependant, la mise en œuvre de ces interventions se heurte à un contexte social dominé par une diversité d’acteurs aux intérêts souvent antagonistes. Objectifs. Cette étude vise à identifier les acteurs pertinents à inclure dans un processus de réflexion pour co-construire des scénarii d’intensification des parcs arborés. Méthode. Pour ce faire, une démarche purement qualitative a été mobilisée en combinant une revue de littérature, des ateliers de cartographie des acteurs et des entretiens semi-directifs dans les communes de Koumbia, Guéguéré et Dano. Résultats. Les résultats montrent que dans les communes de Koumbia et Dano, la gestion et l’usage des arbres sont réalisés par une diversité d’acteurs ayant des intérêts convergents pour l’intensification des parcs arborés et interreliés par des échanges commerciaux, d’informations et de connaissances et des relations de pouvoir. Conclusions. Cette étude a permis de définir collectivement les contours d’une plateforme d’innovation incluant tous les acteurs dans chaque village, avec une gouvernance centrale au niveau de la commune en vue de co-construire des scénarii d’intensification des parcs arborés.","PeriodicalId":87455,"journal":{"name":"Skull base surgery","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72530277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A conceptual framework for assessing farmers’ soil knowledge: lessons from the Lake Alaotra Region in Madagascar","authors":"Nasandratra Ravonjiarison, A. Albrecht, E. Penot, T. Razafimbelo","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.20177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.20177","url":null,"abstract":"Description of the subject. Farmers’ knowledge is a significant source of information about cultivated soil knowledge. Objectives. This paper focuses on farmers in the Alaotra Lake Region in Madagascar to identify their knowledge of the soil and soil fertility and to propose a conceptual framework for developing participatory approaches. Method. The methodology is based on surveys conducted with 100 farmers randomly selected within five Communes (villages) to (i) study their knowledge on soil, (ii) design local soil map, and (iii) identify local soil fertility assessment. For each task, an exploratory survey with non-directive individual interviews followed by more in-depth surveys with semi-directive individual interviews and restitution workshops were conducted. Results. The results revealed two types of local soil classifications according to toposequence. Twelve and nine local soil types were identified respectively in the southern zone and in the northern zone. Moreover, farmers used 14 main local indicators to assess the fertility of these soils. Farmers’ soil classification was found to comply with previous pedological studies and even provided complementary details to the reference French Soil Classification (CPCS). Finally, the local soil fertility indicators have been proved to be identical to those used by other farmers in other countries and are scientifically validated to be effective. Conclusions. This paper offers a new conceptual framework that may be effective for agricultural development service and scientific research in other contexts. It provides a foundation for supporting a common language between farmers and researchers, one that may prove instrumental in future projects including the co-conception of sustainable, innovative agricultural practices.","PeriodicalId":87455,"journal":{"name":"Skull base surgery","volume":"1997 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82507518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weed control under increasing cover crop diversity in tropical summer and winter","authors":"Adrien Négrier, P. Marnotte, Julie Hoareau, P. Viaud, S. Auzoux, P. Técher, Marion Schwartz, A. Ripoche, M. Christina","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.20220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.20220","url":null,"abstract":"Description of the subject. Weed pressure is a main biotic constraint in tropical agriculture. Cover crop mixtures have increased in popularity to limit weed growth through competition for resources, but the relationship between cover crop diversity and weed suppression is still under debate. Objectives. This study aimed to assess the impact of increasing cover crop diversity (one to four species) on weed control during two growing seasons (tropical summer and winter) in Reunion Island. Method. Weed control was expressed regarding ground cover by weeds and weed aboveground dry mass in the mixtures during four months of growth and its response to cover crop traits was tested using structural equation models. Results. While cover crops reduced weed ground cover and dry mass by 60% and 68% on average in summer and winter, respectively, a higher number of cover crop species within a mixture did not increase mean weed control. Nonetheless, weed control was influenced by the mixture composition and improved when including Guizotia abyssinica. Additionally, cover crop traits explaining weed control differed between growing seasons. In summer, weed control was mainly explained by the final cover crop aboveground biomass and leaf area (depletion strategy). In contrast, weed control was mainly explained by the cover crop rate of increase in ground cover (obstruction strategy) in winter. Conclusions. Using traits to characterize cover crop mixture enables us to identify mixtures of species and traits adapted to different growing conditions. Our study suggests that particular attention on species identity rather than diversity should be paid in mixture to improve weed control in tropical conditions.","PeriodicalId":87455,"journal":{"name":"Skull base surgery","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81079332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Folk taxonomical distinction between Irvingia gabonensis and I. wombolu (Irvingiaceae) in the Volta Forest region, West Africa","authors":"R. Vihotogbe, C. Avocèvou-Ayisso, R. Djikpo, Oscar Teka, B. Sinsin, R. G. Kakaï","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.20096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.20096","url":null,"abstract":"Description of the subject. Irvingia gabonensis and I. wombolu produce edible kernels, with their fruit pulp tasting sweet and bitter, respectively. The overlap of their morphological and ecological traits creates taxonomic uncertainty. Objectives. This study assessed the efficiency of folk classification system for the separation between I. gabonensis and I. wombolu, in the Volta Forest region (Togo), where both species co-occur. Method. Interviews were conducted with 114 respondents of the five main sociolinguistic groups in the Volta Forest region, in order to identify distinctive traits between both species. Field reconnaissance and confirmation test were used to identify I. gabonensis and I. wombolu trees, which were evaluated against ecological features in folk classification system. Results. Variations existed within each species but were not botanically delimited. The folk classification system was mostly based on fruit pulp taste and some ecological traits. Old local residents only trusted fruit taste to separate these species. Only young Akposso men additionally considered ecology and leaf shape in classification. The reconnaissance survey confirmed the consistency of their folk classification system. Dendrometric parameters of I. gabonensis depended on environmental factors, while land use system and soil geomorphology significantly influenced the occurrence of I. wombolu. Conclusions. Fruit pulp taste and flowering seasons were widely used to distinguish between species, while young men used ecological and botanical features. This demonstrates their recent contact with these taxa. It is also likely that domestication is narrowing differences between I. gabonensis and I. wombolu.","PeriodicalId":87455,"journal":{"name":"Skull base surgery","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81465755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}