{"title":"Minimizing the risk of endophthalmitis following intravitreal injections.","authors":"Eleonora Maries Lad, Darius M Moshfeghi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the last decade, the use of intravitreal injections has gained increasing popularity in the treatment of many intraocular disorders. Intravitreal injections have been employed to deliver antibiotics, antivirals, steroids, gas, and antivascular endothelial growth factor. The specific methods and techniques employed for intravitreal injections differ among various studies. We comment on the use of preoperative and postoperative antibiotics, type of anesthesia, gauge of the needle, and coordinates of injection. Intravitreal injections can give rise to complications, of which the most significant and devastating is endophthalmitis. We describe the factors affecting incidence of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injections, recommendations for prophylaxis, and outcomes following endophthalmitis. With increasing experience, the future will bring a reduction in the incidence of endophthalmitis, particularly as the use of intravitreal injections is increasingly supplemented by sustained release devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":87396,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive ophthalmology update","volume":"7 6","pages":"277-84; discussion 285-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26507021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of new technology on informed consent.","authors":"Alan E Reider, Andrew B Dahlinghaus","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Failure to provide adequate informed consent is the single most common allegation made in malpractice suits filed against ophthalmologists. Adequate informed consent requires not only that the risks and benefits of the proposed procedure be disclosed, but alternative treatment options must be presented as well. With rapidly developing technological advances, alternative treatment options in connection with the correction of refractive errors continue to expand. The question of whether it is necessary to provide information about all available alternatives to assure that the standard for adequate informed consent is met can be a difficult and challenging issue, and one which may vary depending upon the law in a particular state. Nevertheless, ophthalmologists should review their informed consent process to be certain that new developments, which provide alternatives to proposed treatments, are presented to patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":87396,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive ophthalmology update","volume":"7 6","pages":"299-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26507024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Update on thyroid eye disease.","authors":"Katrin Stemberger, George J Kahaly, Susanne Pitz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thyroid-associated eye disease is an orbital manifestation of autoimmune thyroid disease. Its treatment, despite recent developments, is still challenging, and complete improvement of functional and/or cosmetic impairement is not always possible. This update tries to give an overview of actual concepts for conservative and surgical management.</p>","PeriodicalId":87396,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive ophthalmology update","volume":"7 6","pages":"287-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26507023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sixth nerve palsy.","authors":"Thomas J O'Donnell, Edward G Buckley","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The diagnosis and etiologies of sixth cranial nerve palsies are reviewed along with nonsurgical and surgical treatment approaches. Surgical options depend on the function of the paretic muscle, the field of greatest symptoms, and the likelihood of inducing diplopia in additional fields by a given procedure.</p>","PeriodicalId":87396,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive ophthalmology update","volume":"7 5","pages":"215-21; discussion 223-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26467527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Refractive power of the cornea.","authors":"Brandon D Ayres, Christopher J Rapuano","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Corneal refractive surgeries, such as laser in situ keratomileusis and photorefractive keratectomy, have become some of the most commonly performed elective surgical procedures today. Many of the patients undergoing these surgeries are beginning to show signs of cataract formation and are in need of surgical correction. A common problem in the postrefractive patient is accurate prediction of the corneal power for use in intraocular lens calculation. The purpose of this article is to review the literature and to discuss why it is difficult to determine the power of the postkeratorefractive cornea, and to describe the multiple techniques used to assist in calculation of the power of the cornea. We will also examine some of the current technological advances that may aid in power calculation. With proper patient history, examination, and careful calculation(s), it is possible to closely estimate the refractive power of the postkeratorefractive cornea.</p>","PeriodicalId":87396,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive ophthalmology update","volume":"7 5","pages":"243-51; discussion 253-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26467531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Update on punctal plugs.","authors":"Mehryar Taban, Benson Chen, Julian D Perry","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Punctal plugs have offered a safe and often reversible treatment for aqueous-deficient dry eye for over three decades. However, they represent only one tool in our armamentrarium to help patients with dry eyes, and plugs do have limitations. This article briefly reviews the history of occlusive treatments for aqueous tear deficiency and provides an update of recent advancements in punctal and canalicular occlusive materials and techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":87396,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive ophthalmology update","volume":"7 5","pages":"205-12; discussion 213-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26467594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harry L S Knopf, Kristin Carter, Nicky R Holdeman, James Walters, Lisa Cantrell
{"title":"Maculopathy in a child.","authors":"Harry L S Knopf, Kristin Carter, Nicky R Holdeman, James Walters, Lisa Cantrell","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87396,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive ophthalmology update","volume":"7 5","pages":"257-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26467532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The neuro-ophthalmology of pituitary tumors.","authors":"Vaninder S Chhabra, Nancy J Newman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The management of pituitary tumors requires a multidisciplinary approach involving neurosurgeons, endocrinologists, and ophthalmologists. Patients symptomatic from a pituitary tumor often are first evaluated by an ophthalmologist. This review discusses key issues regarding both the topographic diagnosis as well as the neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations of pituitary disease. Knowledge of the medical, surgical, and radiation treatment options for pituitary tumors is also important in coordinating patient care. The goals of such treatment include the control of tumor growth, normalization of pituitary function, and preservation or restoration of visual function.</p>","PeriodicalId":87396,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive ophthalmology update","volume":"7 5","pages":"225-40; discussion 241-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26467528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Eye Bank Association of America.","authors":"Matthew B Goren","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87396,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive ophthalmology update","volume":"7 5","pages":"261-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26467534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}