European scientific journal最新文献

{"title":"Mass Extinctions in the history of Life: Significance of NASA’s Artemis Moon and Planetary Defence DART Missions","authors":"U. Prasad","doi":"10.29198/scieu/2208231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29198/scieu/2208231","url":null,"abstract":"Evolution and extinction of new species have gone hand in hand since life began on Earth. However, there have been at least five episodes of large-scale extinctions of life-forms in the past 500 million years. In these episodes, more than three-quarters of the existing species got eliminated. These are referred to as global extinction or mass extinction. The Fifth Mass Extinction was the last such episode that occurred about 65 million years ago in Cretaceous period. This was caused due to asteroid impact. The resulting conditions led to the elimination of dinosaurs from the face of Earth. In the current Anthropocene period (i.e., the period of humanity), it is suspected that the Earth may already be in or on the verge of Sixth Mass Extinction, due to man-made environmental issues (such as climate change, pollution, deforestation, global warming, etc.). Further factors like nuclear, biological or other types of warfare/conflict, natural environmental disasters such as volcanic eruption or asteroid impact also have the potential to trigger mass extinction. Spreading out into space is one of the ways to deal with existential challenges posed. NASA’s Artemis Moon Mission is a beginning towards deep space human habitation by future colonisation of the Moon and Mars. Planetary defence by deflecting an asteroid away from the Earth is another strategy being considered. NASA’s DART Mission is the first such asteroid deflection test. This mission will try to deflect a near-Earth asteroid next month.","PeriodicalId":87252,"journal":{"name":"European scientific journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81397688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence Ethics Taxonomy - Robotic Process Automation (RPA) as Business Case","authors":"D. Beerbaum","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3834361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3834361","url":null,"abstract":"A Robotic Process Automation (RPA) enabled by Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an important field within the digitalisation of the economy. AI-driven robots and machines are forecasted to grow dramatically in the next years. AI-enabled RPA replaces the work a human would normally do by mimicking interactions with applications and provides direct access to systems using APIs. RPA has superior advantages versus human execution:24x7 execution, eternal lifetime and scalability. Process automatization is per se not a brand-new technology, however due to notable progress in AI, which RPAleverages, it has become an own solution category. RPA enables algorithmic rules without being biased. \u0000 \u0000Ethical considerations intend to make AI-driven RPA more human and introduce morality into the machine learning. The Uber-Waymo trial made transparent how much AI development is influenced by human irrationality and irrational exuberances. It reveals a culture of agile software development, which prioritize releasing the latest software over testing and verification, and one that encourages shortcuts and irrationality. This also give proof that applying AI cannot ensure that irrational exuberances disappear. The reason for this irrational exuberance may have its roots in the exponential growth in computing and storage \u0000 \u0000technologies predicted by Gordon Moore five decades ago. This paper develops a concept how irrational exuberances with the business case of RPA can be prevented from happening. One general approach for solutioning of the issue is to increase transparency. The paper recommends applying technology to make data more accessible and more readable on the application of artificial intelligence. With the aim of application of “transparency technology XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language)” is incorporated. XBRL is part of the choice architecture on regulation by governments (Sunstein, 2013). XBRL is connected to a taxonomy. The paper develops a taxonomy for RPA to make application of artificial intelligence more transparent to the public and incorporates ethical considerations. As a business case the strongly growing RPA industry is selected. The paper focus on the way to enhance AI that aligns with human values. How can incentive be provided that AI systems themselves do not become potential objects of moral concern. The main outcome of the paper is that AI-enabled RPA reveal moral concerns however transparency technologies at the same time also offer way to mitigate such risks.","PeriodicalId":87252,"journal":{"name":"European scientific journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73586937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposed Design of a Real-Time COVID-19 Pandemic Contact Tracing Using Mobile Phone.","authors":"Ezenwa Nwawudu,&nbsp;Amanze Ikwu,&nbsp;Ugochi Ikwu,&nbsp;Nneoma Oparah,&nbsp;Stanley Nnorom","doi":"10.19044/esj.2020.v16n36p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2020.v16n36p1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the virus that causes COVID-19 continues to spread from person to persons in communities and rampaging the world, the need for an effective real-time surveillance system becomes paramount. Advance contact tracing and detection of the persons with the virus represents one of the main strategies to prevent transmission. Although COVID-19 surveillance systems such as contact tracing mobile apps have improved the administration and management of virus, there are still challenges such as privacy, cost and ethical issues, the adoption of new technologies, standardized cases, and validly diagnosed case and validity. However, the current mobile apps contact tracing system adopted by different nations has complemented conventional tracing effort in fighting the virus. This proposal is a model for an interactive computer system using mobile phones and the internet for real-time collection and transmission of events related to COVID-19. It will aid the administration and presumptive management of COVID-19 in the world, especially in rural areas. This proposal shows that a sophisticated COVID-19 surveillance system can be build using mobile phones with the right telecommunication technology partner.</p>","PeriodicalId":87252,"journal":{"name":"European scientific journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7842268/pdf/nihms-1659231.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25315096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploiting Biocatalysis to make Bioplastics","authors":"R. Soni","doi":"10.29198/scieu1901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29198/scieu1901","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87252,"journal":{"name":"European scientific journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82163926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Legal Constitution of the European Union","authors":"F. Herber","doi":"10.19044/esj.2018.c4p9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.c4p9","url":null,"abstract":"World War II (1939 – 1945) was a catastrophe for the whole world and for Europe in particular. It is one of the great miracles of the 20th century that the West European war parties did draw a line and founded an economic alliance for coal and steel production. This economical alliance is based on common values and on the rule of law. A main problem of the European Union is to give a democratic legitimation to the European institutions. It is good that e.g. the European Parliament is elected directly, it is bad that e.g. the President of the European Commission is not elected directly. In some Member States of the European Union common values and common interests are only partim shared. The people of Great Britain did decide in 2016 to leave the European Union; according to the legal constitution of the European Union a leave is allowed. The main achievement of the European Union is the abolition of inter-European taxes and thus the promotion of economical relationships between the Member States of the European Union. The Euro that is the currency of (only) some Member States has become a global player.","PeriodicalId":87252,"journal":{"name":"European scientific journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79854333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Use of Social Media in Marketing Communication Activities of Institutions","authors":"Ünal Çimçek, Selin","doi":"10.19044/esj.2018.c4p4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.c4p4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87252,"journal":{"name":"European scientific journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86284042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental Illness and Opioid Epidemic in the United States","authors":"Evelio Velis, S. Borras, Sumera Khaja","doi":"10.19044/ESJ.2018.C4P11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/ESJ.2018.C4P11","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mental health is defined as a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community. A drug overdose is defined, by the Medical Dictionary, as the accidental or intentional use of a drug or medicine in an amount that is higher than is normally used. Accidental drug overdose may be the result of misuse of prescription medicines or commonly used medications like pain relievers and cold remedies. Overdose with opiate drugs causes sedation, low blood pressure, slowed heart rate, and slowed breathing. A serious risk is that the patient will stop breathing. Methods: A multiple correlational analysis was conducted to explore the potential strength, direction and significant of relationship between selected indicators related to mental illness, socioeconomic factors and drug related deaths in the United States, at the state level. A level of significance of 0.05 was selected for all tests of significance. Conclusion: There is a strong and significant correlation at the state level between the mental illness, major depressive disorders, drug use/abuse and drug overdose related deaths. Veterans living in the state and un-insured individuals are significantly correlated with drug overdose related deaths. No significant correlation was identified between socio-economic factors typically associated with most health issues such as poverty and the current opioid epidemic affecting our nation.","PeriodicalId":87252,"journal":{"name":"European scientific journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91386085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hedonic and Utilitarian Aspect of Traditional Retail Shopping","authors":"Mustafa Yilmaz, Duygu Koçoğlu","doi":"10.19044/ESJ.2018.C4P6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/ESJ.2018.C4P6","url":null,"abstract":"Consumption consists of quite different concepts compared to the recent past consumption patterns. Traditional retailing has been evolving into online shopping which is getting out of timing/placing limits in this process. This transformation force traditional retailers to present something more than a mere shopping. This research aims to investigate face-to-face shopping from traditional retailers in contexts of hedonism and utilitarianism. A total of 263 respondents participated in the survey. As a result, there were no significant difference between male and female consumers in traditional retail shopping on the utilitarian aspect, but the difference for hedonism were significant. Female customers tend to shop more hedonic. Marital status does not affect the hedonic or utilitarian aspect; but there was significant difference found between employed and unemployed consumers. Unemployed consumers were found to be more hedonic in traditional retail shopping behavior.","PeriodicalId":87252,"journal":{"name":"European scientific journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89220279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"War Narratives Through The Eyes/I´S of Women in Iman Humaydan Younes’ B As In Beirut","authors":"Daisy Waked Azar","doi":"10.19044/ESJ.2018.C4P7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/ESJ.2018.C4P7","url":null,"abstract":"Lebanese author and journalist Iman Humaydan Younes published her debut novel B as in Beirut in Arabic in 1997 while the English translation didn’t appear until 2007. The novel is divided into four narratives told by Lillian, Warda, Camilia, and Maha who live in the same apartment building in Beirut during the Lebanese civil war that extended from 1975 till 1990. Younes chooses to present personal narratives that reflect the emotional states of these women rather than describe the violent occurrences of the actual war. In this sense she tells of the repercussions of the war on her female narrators, and the coping mechanisms that each adopts away from the violence, destruction and absurdity that have been the main foci of most Lebanese war novels. My paper affects a close reading of these interlocked narratives and investigates the female voices behind them: who they are, what they are going through, and what they do in order to survive the state of inertia and loss during the civil war. My contention is that Younes’s novel is one of the very few that succeeds in conveying the female experience during the civil war and paves the way for a Feminist attitude towards gender roles in a war- torn nation, and towards an understanding of the place of the woman in an overly maleoriented and maneuvered dominion.","PeriodicalId":87252,"journal":{"name":"European scientific journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90065052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Croatian and Czech Lagging Regions","authors":"K. Marošević, Tomislav Sekur","doi":"10.19044/ESJ.2018.C4P5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19044/ESJ.2018.C4P5","url":null,"abstract":"Regional development is a central subject of different scientific areas of study, and especially economy since a region in a modern context represents a universal unit of monitoring (regional) development. Independent of the level of their development, national economies mostly bear the burden of regional inequalities and, grosso modo, of the existence of regions that fall behind in development. These regions are most vulnerable in post communist and highly centralized countries such as Croatia and the Czech Republic. Croatia and Czech Republic share many similarities, for example transitional post-communist background with centralized national economies dominated by capital city regions. Considering this, the aim of this paper is to analyse regions in Croatia with respect to their economic and social development with a detailed review of the least developed region. With that in mind, a comparative display of Czech Republic and issues concerning Czech lagging regions in economic aand social development will be used to find the common denominator with similar problems in Croatian regions followed by suggestions for solutions on a regional level. This paper uses methods of description and comparative anaysis, wih an analytical review of data made available by relevant institutions.","PeriodicalId":87252,"journal":{"name":"European scientific journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86669150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}