Diabesity最新文献

{"title":"A mini review on the role of phosphatidylcholine metabolism in obesity","authors":"Jiujiu Yu","doi":"10.15562/diabesity.2022.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15562/diabesity.2022.76","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is one of the major building blocks of biological membranes in mammalian cells. In PC, two fatty acyl chains are linked to the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of the glycerol backbone, and a head group containing a phosphate and choline is linked to the sn-3 position. The length and saturation of the fatty acyl chains of PC vary significantly and determine the biophysical and chemical properties of PC. In mammalian cells, active metabolism of PC takes place primarily through de novo synthesis, the remodelling cycle of deacylation and reacylation, and further modification of lysophosphatidylcholine. PC metabolism undergoes remarkable changes in obesity. In this mini review, we discuss PC metabolism and summarize recent advances about the important involvement of PC metabolism in obesity and obesity-related diseases.","PeriodicalId":87243,"journal":{"name":"Diabesity","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41552565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Pharmacodynamic interaction between Tinospora Cordifolia Alcoholic extract and Gliclazide : An herb-drug interaction study","authors":"K. Jirapure, V. Undale, V. Addepalli","doi":"10.15562/diabesity.2021.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15562/diabesity.2021.74","url":null,"abstract":"Many diabetic people today consume herbs or herbal formulations along with prescription and non-prescription medications which may result in the herb-drug interaction Tinospora Cordifolia, with berberine being one of the most abundant active phytoconstituent widely used as an antidiabetic While Gliclazide is indicated to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus whichacts asan insulin secretagogue .T. Cordifolia is a potent inhibitor of CYP2C9 and Gliclazide is known to be metabolized by this enzyme. Potential Pharmacodynamic herb drug interaction might be possible in case of co administration of both. The pharmacodynamic interaction between TCE and Gliclazide was evaluated on hypoglycemic activity in normal and streptozotocinnicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. The study was conducted in 2 parts viz. acute study and sub-acute study in both normal and diabetic animals. The serum triglyceride level and histopathology of pancreawas performed to assess effect on glucose metabolism and pancreas.FTIR Analysis was also carried out to evaluate the interaction between functional groups. The combination showed pharmacodynamic interaction as reduction the time of onset of action and increasing the duration of action of gliclazide when administered in combination with T. cardiofolia. In FTIR studies of combination showed no physical interaction betweenfunctional groups suggesting both drugs might be acting on the different receptors. The study concludes that the combination of Gliclazide with TCE showed an increase in the hypoglycemic effect as compared to the gliclazide alone in STZ-NIC induced diabetic rats. This might be utilized clinically as a beneficial drug interaction in patients after thorough investigations in clinical studies","PeriodicalId":87243,"journal":{"name":"Diabesity","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42076598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on the induction of obesity in laboratory animals","authors":"Urmila Aswar, Rashmi Patil, S. Bodhankar","doi":"10.15562/diabesity.2019.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15562/diabesity.2019.58","url":null,"abstract":"Valid animal models are essential for successful screening of novel therapeutic strategies against all types of diseases. Development or selection of an animal model that resembles the human disease process and symptoms is dependent on a robust knowledge of the natural history and pathogenesis of the disease. The use of animal models thus becomes to understand the underlying physiological and genetic basis of energy regulation, taste and smell perception and food choice behaviour. Obesity is a chronic metabolic disorder which results from multiple etiologies like genetic, physiological, epigenetic and environmental factors. Animal models of obesity include direct measurement of food intake to long-term studies in animals exhibiting continuous overconsumption of food containing high calories and fat. It is of prime importance that we must choose the right models with high face, construct and predictive validity. Failing to select and use appropriate animal models impede successful discovery and development of safer and more potent therapeutics and prevent wastage of money and time. We have thus provided a short review on currently available animal models of obesity. We discuss different method of induction of obesity in laboratory animals as well as the transgenic animals used in anti obesity drug discovery.","PeriodicalId":87243,"journal":{"name":"Diabesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41502953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Change in Knowledge of and Adherence to the Low-Sodium Diet in Patients with Heart Failure after Nutrition Education by a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist","authors":"C. Tan, Sarah J. Holland, M. Mozer, Kali Sarcinella, C. Tangney, H. Rasmussen","doi":"10.15562/diabesity.2019.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15562/diabesity.2019.62","url":null,"abstract":"Nutrition intervention by a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) is effective in improving patients’ knowledge or adherence to low-sodium diet (LSD, <2,000 mg/d); however, changes in knowledge and adherence in heart failure (HF) patients have not been simultaneously assessed in the same study period Therefore, the objective of the present study was to identify both HF patient sodium knowledge and adherence to the LSD before and after an education session with an RDN. A quasi-experimental study with a one-group, pre-test post-test design was conducted. An RDN conducted a 15-minute individualized nutrition education regarding the LSD at the initial visit. Sodium knowledge was measured by the Parkland Sodium Knowledge Test, and sodium intake was measured by a 29-item sodium-specific food frequency questionnaire created by NutritionQuest© at both the initial and follow-up visits. A total of 71 patients were educated on the LSD and assessed for changes in sodium knowledge and intake at their next visit. Most patients were middle aged, obese, male, and non-Hispanic Black with an education level of greater than 12 years. At the initial visit, the majority of patients were considered knowledgeable but not accordant to the LSD. Following RDN education, sodium knowledge significantly improved and sodium intake significantly decreased. RDNs should be included as members of the HF multidisciplinary team to increase sodium knowledge and reduce sodium intake through individualized nutrition education. Heart failure (HF) prevalence is increasing, with an estimated 6.2 million Americans ≥20 years of age with HF between 2013-2016, up from 5.7 million from 2009-2012.1 Among the risk factors for HF; hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes are all modifiable through diet.2-6 Additionally, in an effort to improve HF-associated symptoms and quality of life, a low-sodium diet (LSD) is recommended.. The Heart Failure Society of America recommends a daily sodium restriction of 2,000-3,000 mg for symptomatic HF patients, and less than 2,000 mg/day for those with moderate to severe HF.7 The American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association recommends no more than 1,500 mg of sodium a day for stage A and B and less than 3,000 mg/day for stage C and D for symptom improvement.8 While specific recommendations differ between associations, sodium restriction remains a key therapeutic recommendation for this condition. While the LSD is a component of non-pharmacological regimens for HF, lack of patient knowledge related to a LSD and low adherence to a sodium restriction is common.9-11 Sodium knowledge, such as correct use of a nutrition facts label, may be important to improve adherence to the LSD. However, few studies have specifically tested HF patients’ sodium knowledge. The Parkland sodium knowledge test has been used as an indicator of sodium knowledge through container sorting, label reading, and knowledge of the sodium recommendati","PeriodicalId":87243,"journal":{"name":"Diabesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41927020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Food Security with Home Food Availability in the United States: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)","authors":"Jennifer R. McAtee, Christian King, W. Chai","doi":"10.15562/diabesity.2019.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15562/diabesity.2019.56","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87243,"journal":{"name":"Diabesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48796697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"METABOLIC SYNDROME AND REPRODUCTION: CURRENT PERSPECTIVES IN NIGERIA","authors":"O. Ajayi, M. Charles-Davies","doi":"10.15562/diabesity.2019.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15562/diabesity.2019.50","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87243,"journal":{"name":"Diabesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43707810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Function and dysfunction of fatty acid mobilization: a review.","authors":"J. Beard, Travis J. Mulliniks, D. T. Yates","doi":"10.15562/diabesity.2019.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15562/diabesity.2019.53","url":null,"abstract":"Western populations have a growing obesity epidemic due in part to excessive nutrient intake from high-fat diets, which are increasingly common. Overindulgence of nutrients is associated with a greater incidence of metabolic dysfunction and a greater risk for obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and other metabolic disorders that lower quality of life. Research in humans and animal models has improved our understanding of how excess circulating free fatty acids negatively impact the ability of muscle and other tissues to regulate nutrient uptake and utilization. It is generally accepted by the scientific community that excess circulating fatty acids lead to insulin resistance, but there is little clarity regarding the underlying mechanisms. In the present review, we will outline the current understanding of the characteristics associated with fatty acid mobilization and fatty acid utilization within specific tissues. We will also discuss the potential mechanistic role of hyperlipidemia on metabolic dysfunction associated with type 2 diabetes.","PeriodicalId":87243,"journal":{"name":"Diabesity","volume":"176 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41287001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. seeds on serum glucose and other metabolic parameters of normal and alloxan - induced diabetic rats","authors":"M. Balasundaram, A. D. Gandhi, Purusothaman Kavitha, R. Babujanarthanam","doi":"10.15562/DIABESITY.2018.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15562/DIABESITY.2018.49","url":null,"abstract":"Oral administration of the ethanol extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima seeds (CP 250 and 500 mg/kg) caused significant fall in blood glucose levels even at 21⁄2 h after a single dose of treatment in normal fasted and glucose loaded Wistar albino rats. At 250 mg/kg dose level, CP completely prevented the elevation of blood glucose caused by oral glucose feeding. In alloxan diabetic rats, CP was able to lower the blood glucose level to around 132 mg / 100 ml from 10 day and thereafter. The biochemical findings were supported by histopathological studies of liver, kidney and pancreas of control and treated rats. CP was able to increase catalase levels of diabetic rats. Reduced levels of serum protein and elevated levels of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine and uric acid were almost normalised in CP treated diabetic rats. CP was also able to reduce in vitro lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes and inhibit 1diphenyl – 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) induced free radicals significantly.","PeriodicalId":87243,"journal":{"name":"Diabesity","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43205509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fat and skinny bacteria?","authors":"A. Geis","doi":"10.15562/DIABESITY.2018.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15562/DIABESITY.2018.47","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the increased availability of high-throughput DNA-sequencing technologies and quantitative PCR, investigators have flooded the scientific literature with reports describing the composition of different gastrointestinal microbiotas. With the use of gnotobiotic isolators housing axenic animals, i.e. germor microbiota-free animals, investigators have also undertaken more hypothesis-driven research addressing putative roles for the microbiota in host health. Possibly inspired by the patent spread and pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic syndrome, in combination with the observation that a commonly used strain of germ-free laboratory mice are more resistant to obesity than their conventional counterparts,1 a major focus of much of this work has considered the relationship between the microbiota of the host and the susceptibility of the host to obesity. Additionally, compared to many existing and theoretic therapeutics to counter the obesity pandemic, the microbiota is potentially a more practical target. I attempt to very briefly summarize, for nonprofessionals of microbiome study, the composition of the microbiota as it relates to obesity in humans. This is intended to provide the reader with sources for finding further information, including primary research that has contributed to our knowledge and more comprehensive reviews on the relevant topics mentioned.","PeriodicalId":87243,"journal":{"name":"Diabesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43773540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Cyclodextrin Garcinol Complex on Pressure Overload- Induced Cardiotoxicity and Cardiac Hypertrophy by Aortic Stenosis in Rats","authors":"S. Kushawaha, S. Bodhankar","doi":"10.15562/DIABESITY.2018.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15562/DIABESITY.2018.51","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Garcinol is a polyisoprenylated benzophenone derived from rinds of fruit of Garcinia species namely Garciniaindica (common name ‘Kokum’) and Garcinia cambogia (common name ‘Gombogee’). Garcinol is not stable and has poor bioavailability which can be improved by complexing garcinol with cyclodextrin (cyclodextrin-","PeriodicalId":87243,"journal":{"name":"Diabesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46841890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}