Health law review最新文献_第2页

Deference in the public health context. 在公共卫生方面的尊重。

Health law review Pub Date : 2006-01-01

Jacob Shelley

引用次数: 0

Breaking the trance? Enabling dissenting views on immortalism. 打破恍惚状态?使不同的永生论观点成为可能。

Health law review Pub Date : 2006-01-01

Greg McMullen

引用次数: 0

Stem cells, politics and the progress paradigm. 干细胞，政治和进步范式。

Health law review Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.7939/R3B28P

Suzanne B Debow, T. Bubela, T. Caulfield

{"title":"Stem cells, politics and the progress paradigm.","authors":"Suzanne B Debow, T. Bubela, T. Caulfield","doi":"10.7939/R3B28P","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7939/R3B28P","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of Parliamentary debates provides the opportunity to assess the political context of Canadian legislation, particularly in controversial areas such as stem cell research. Parliamentary debates surrounding the recent Assisted Human Reproduction Act, (1) which lasted nearly a decade, were dominated by religious conservatives. At the forefront of the debate were issues such as the moral status of the embryo and the regulation of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The resulting restrictive statutory provisions that ban SCNT ultimately arose from a convergence of rhetoric on dignity and the moral status of the embryo, and the resultant promotion of adult stem cell research. Approach We qualitatively analyzed the Canadian Hansard debates concerning stem cell policy from 1994 to 2004 by assigning codes to full text databases. (2) While the majority of the debates related to ethical issues, we focused on descriptions of scientific research by politicians, references to scientific progress, both proven and speculative, economic arguments, references to media coverage and direct quotes from scientific and other experts because the media and experts are major sources of information for politicians. The Parliamentary Debates Descriptions of Scientific Research We found Canadian politicians lack an understanding of scientific research, resulting in inflammatory statements on both costs and benefits of embryonic human stem cell research. Politicians generally misunderstood the process of obtaining embryonic stem cells and SCNT, a methodology used in both therapeutic and reproductive cloning. Both therapeutic and reproductive (human) cloning commence with the use of SCNT. However, reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning for research purposes are used for different reasons with significantly different endpoints. Politicians generally conflate the two procedures. For instance, building upon the public's distaste for reproductive cloning, one member described the research of the Raelians, a Canadian research group who claim to have successfully cloned a human being, (3) in conjunction with therapeutic cloning. The member stated that \"if we took one of [the Speaker's] cells, extracted the nucleus and put it into an ovum, one could stimulate it electrically and allow it to grow. The so-called therapeutic clone would be to take the immature model of Mr. Speaker and extract an organ, if he needed one, killing the clone in the process. That is so-called somatic nuclear cell transfer or therapeutic cloning.\" (4) Another member stated, \"I would suggest that most members of the House do not understand the difference between therapeutic and reproductive cloning. Certainly most people in Canada do not totally understand the difference between the two. In reality, there is not any difference. It is the same process.\" (5) Such statements demonstrate the lack of understanding of scientific research by politicians, and underscore the need for further educat","PeriodicalId":87182,"journal":{"name":"Health law review","volume":"34 1","pages":"50-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73239177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Media portrayal of conflicts of interest in herbal remedy clinical trials. 媒体对草药临床试验中利益冲突的描述。

Health law review Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.7939/R3M00F

M. Koper, T. Bubela, T. Caulfield, H. Boon

{"title":"Media portrayal of conflicts of interest in herbal remedy clinical trials.","authors":"M. Koper, T. Bubela, T. Caulfield, H. Boon","doi":"10.7939/R3M00F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7939/R3M00F","url":null,"abstract":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) encompasses a wide variety of treatments, such as herbal remedies, not currently thought to be part of mainstream medicine. Our study focuses on herbal remedies, as their use is significant and increasing. (1) We ask whether media coverage of conflicts of interest in clinical trials of herbal remedies is of sufficient quality to provide the public with information to make decisions that are rational, well-informed, and low-risk. We know that the vast quantity of information available on CAM through popular media is of varying quality. (2) In recent years, the scientific community is increasingly interested in studying herbal remedies. (3) As conflict of interest has been an issue in synthetic drug trials, especially those receiving funding from industry, we have reason to believe that this will also be true of clinical trials of herbal remedies, many of which are industry funded. What is conflict of interest and why are we interested? In his thoughtful and widely accepted analysis, Thompson defined conflict of interest as \"a set of conditions in which professional judgement concerning a primary interest (such as a patient's welfare or validity of research) tends to be unduly influenced by a secondary interest (such as financial gain).\" (4) He also noted that, while a secondary interest is usually not illegitimate in itself, its relative weight in professional decision-making is problematic. The goal, therefore, is to prevent secondary interests \"from dominating or appearing to dominate the relevant primary interest in the making of professional decisions\", rather than to reduce or eliminate them completely. (5) Conflict of interest rules, those regulating the disclosure and avoidance of these conflicts, generally focus on financial gain because it is relatively objective and easier to regulate by impartial rules. This does not mean, however, that financial gain has a greater potential for harm than other secondary interests. (6) The subtle distinction between conflict of interest and bias must also be emphasized. A declared conflict should merely be seen as an association creating the potential for bias, rather than an indication of bias itself. (7) It has also been noted that if an association does compromise one's judgment, it is generally a result of unconscious bias rather than outright dishonesty. (8) Because the influence of secondary interests can be extremely subtle, the presence of bias is often difficult to determine with any degree of certainty. Why are these issues important in a media context? As the popular press is often cited as a prominent source of medical information for the general public, it has the ability to shape public views and interpretations of new medical research. (9) It follows that media reporting has the capacity to shape public perceptions of safety and efficacy of a particular herbal remedy, thereby influencing patterns of use. The goal of our analysis is to infer how","PeriodicalId":87182,"journal":{"name":"Health law review","volume":"42 1","pages":"9-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77195584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Media portrayal of conflicts of interest in herbal remedy clinical trials. 媒体对草药临床试验中利益冲突的描述。

Health law review Pub Date : 2006-01-01

Megan Koper, Tania Bubela, Timothy Caulfield, Heather Boon

引用次数: 0

Comparing methods of ethical consultation for biotechnology related issues. 生物技术相关问题伦理咨询方法比较。

Health law review Pub Date : 2006-01-01

Holly Longstaff, Michael Burgess, Patrick Lewis

引用次数: 0

Nanotechnology--a lot of hype over almost nothing? 纳米技术——无中生有的炒作?

Health law review Pub Date : 2006-01-01

Charma Stang, Lorraine Sheremeta