Epidemiologic perspectives & innovations : EP+I最新文献_第7页

Web-based data collection: detailed methods of a questionnaire and data gathering tool. 基于网络的数据收集:详细的问卷调查方法和数据收集工具。

Epidemiologic perspectives & innovations : EP+I Pub Date : 2006-01-04 DOI: 10.1186/1742-5573-3-1

Charles J Cooper, Sharon P Cooper, Deborah J del Junco, Eva M Shipp, Ryan Whitworth, Sara R Cooper

{"title":"Web-based data collection: detailed methods of a questionnaire and data gathering tool.","authors":"Charles J Cooper, Sharon P Cooper, Deborah J del Junco, Eva M Shipp, Ryan Whitworth, Sara R Cooper","doi":"10.1186/1742-5573-3-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-5573-3-1","url":null,"abstract":"There have been dramatic advances in the development of web-based data collection instruments. This paper outlines a systematic web-based approach to facilitate this process through locally developed code and to describe the results of using this process after two years of data collection. We provide a detailed example of a web-based method that we developed for a study in Starr County, Texas, assessing high school students' work and health status. This web-based application includes data instrument design, data entry and management, and data tables needed to store the results that attempt to maximize the advantages of this data collection method. The software also efficiently produces a coding manual, web-based statistical summary and crosstab reports, as well as input templates for use by statistical packages.Overall, web-based data entry using a dynamic approach proved to be a very efficient and effective data collection system. This data collection method expedited data processing and analysis and eliminated the need for cumbersome and expensive transfer and tracking of forms, data entry, and verification. The code has been made available for non-profit use only to the public health research community as a free download..","PeriodicalId":87082,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic perspectives & innovations : EP+I","volume":"3 ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/1742-5573-3-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25781300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Choosing an appropriate bacterial typing technique for epidemiologic studies. 为流行病学研究选择合适的细菌分型技术。

Epidemiologic perspectives & innovations : EP+I Pub Date : 2005-11-25 DOI: 10.1186/1742-5573-2-10

Betsy Foxman, Lixin Zhang, James S Koopman, Shannon D Manning, Carl F Marrs

{"title":"Choosing an appropriate bacterial typing technique for epidemiologic studies.","authors":"Betsy Foxman, Lixin Zhang, James S Koopman, Shannon D Manning, Carl F Marrs","doi":"10.1186/1742-5573-2-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-5573-2-10","url":null,"abstract":"A wide variety of bacterial typing systems are currently in use that vary greatly with respect to the effort required, cost, reliability and ability to discriminate between bacterial strains. No one technique is optimal for all forms of investigation. We discuss the desired level of discrimination and need for a biologic basis for grouping strains of apparently different types when using bacterial typing techniques for different epidemiologic applications: 1) confirming epidemiologic linkage in outbreak investigations, 2) generating hypotheses about epidemiologic relationships between bacterial strains in the absence of epidemiologic information, and 3) describing the distributions of bacterial types and identifying determinants of those distributions. Inferences made from molecular epidemiologic studies of bacteria depend upon both the typing technique selected and the study design used; thus, choice of typing technique is pivotal for increasing our understanding of the pathogenesis and transmission, and eventual disease prevention.","PeriodicalId":87082,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic perspectives & innovations : EP+I","volume":"2 ","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/1742-5573-2-10","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25707264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 108

An easy approach to the Robins-Breslow-Greenland variance estimator. 罗宾斯-布瑞斯勒-格陵兰方差估计的简便方法

Epidemiologic perspectives & innovations : EP+I Pub Date : 2005-09-26 DOI: 10.1186/1742-5573-2-9

Paul Silcocks

引用次数: 0

Causal thinking and causal language in epidemiology: it's in the details. 流行病学中的因果思维和因果语言:在细节中。

Epidemiologic perspectives & innovations : EP+I Pub Date : 2005-07-29 DOI: 10.1186/1742-5573-2-8

Robert Lipton, Terje Ødegaard

{"title":"Causal thinking and causal language in epidemiology: it's in the details.","authors":"Robert Lipton, Terje Ødegaard","doi":"10.1186/1742-5573-2-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-5573-2-8","url":null,"abstract":"Although epidemiology is necessarily involved with elucidating causal processes, we argue that there is little practical need, having described an epidemiological result, to then explicitly label it as causal (or not). Doing so is a convention which obscures the valuable core work of epidemiology as an important constituent of public health practice. We discuss another approach which emphasizes the public health \"use value\" of research findings in regard to prediction and intervention independent from explicit metaphysical causal claims. Examples are drawn from smoking and lung cancer, with particular focus on the original 1964 Surgeon General's report on smoking and the new version released in 2004. The intent is to help the epidemiologist focus on the pertinent implications of research, which, from a public health point of view, in large part entails the ability to predict and to intervene. Further discussion will center on the importance of differentiating between technical/practical uses of causal language, as might be used in structural equations or marginal structural modeling, and more foundational notions of cause. We show that statistical/epidemiological results, such as \"smoking two packs a day increases risk of lung cancer by 10 times\" are in themselves a kind of causal argument that are not in need of additional support from relatively ambiguous language such as \"smoking causes lung cancer.\" We will show that the confusion stemming from the use of this latter statement is more than mere semantics. Our goal is to allow researchers to feel more confident in the power of their research to tell a convincing story without resorting to metaphysical/unsupportable notions of cause.","PeriodicalId":87082,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic perspectives & innovations : EP+I","volume":"2 ","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/1742-5573-2-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25220424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 46

Reporting incidence from a surveillance system with an operational case definition of unknown predictive value positive. 从监测系统中报告病例发生率，其操作病例定义为预测值未知的阳性。

Epidemiologic perspectives & innovations : EP+I Pub Date : 2005-07-20 DOI: 10.1186/1742-5573-2-7

Scott R Kegler

引用次数: 0

Teaching: the role of active manipulation of three-dimensional scatter plots in understanding the concept of confounding. 教学：积极操作三维散点图对理解混杂概念的作用。

Epidemiologic perspectives & innovations : EP+I Pub Date : 2005-06-14 DOI: 10.1186/1742-5573-2-6

Cora M C Busstra, Rob Hartog, Pieter van 't Veer

{"title":"Teaching: the role of active manipulation of three-dimensional scatter plots in understanding the concept of confounding.","authors":"Cora M C Busstra, Rob Hartog, Pieter van 't Veer","doi":"10.1186/1742-5573-2-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/1742-5573-2-6","url":null,"abstract":"In teaching epidemiology, confounding is a difficult topic. The authors designed active learning objects (LO) based on manipulable three-dimensional (3D) plots to facilitate understanding of confounding. The 3D LOs help illustrate of how confounding can occur, how it generates bias and how to adjust for it. For the development of the LOs, guidelines were formulated based on epidemiology and theories of instructional design. These included integrating the conceptual and empirical aspects: the causal relationships believed to be operating in the study population (conceptual aspect) and data-oriented associations (empirical aspect). Other guidelines based on theories of instructional design included: actively engage the students, use visual methods when possible, and motivate the students about the importance of the topic. Students gave the method strong positive evaluations. Experts in epidemiology agreed that the 3D LOs apply generally accepted scientific views on confounding. Based on their experiences, the authors think that the 3D plots can be useful addition in the teaching of confounding. The article includes links and a downloadable file that provide a demonstration of the 3D LO-based teaching materials.","PeriodicalId":87082,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologic perspectives & innovations : EP+I","volume":"2 ","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1192815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25307044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introducing article-processing charges and inviting "detailed methods sections" articles. 引入物品处理费并邀请“详细方法章节”的文章。

Epidemiologic perspectives & innovations : EP+I Pub Date : 2005-06-07 DOI: 10.1186/1742-5573-2-5

Carl V Phillips

引用次数: 2

Historical perspective: the social determinants of disease--some blossoms. 历史视角:疾病的社会决定因素——一些花朵。

Epidemiologic perspectives & innovations : EP+I Pub Date : 2005-06-02 DOI: 10.1186/1742-5573-2-4

Michael Marmot

引用次数: 20

Historical perspective: S. Leonard Syme's influence on the development of social epidemiology and where we go from there. 历史视角:s·伦纳德·赛姆对社会流行病学发展的影响以及我们的发展方向。

Epidemiologic perspectives & innovations : EP+I Pub Date : 2005-05-25 DOI: 10.1186/1742-5573-2-3

Irene H Yen

引用次数: 2

Historical Perspective: The social determinants of disease - some roots of the movement. 历史视角：疾病的社会决定因素--这一运动的一些根源。

Epidemiologic perspectives & innovations : EP+I Pub Date : 2005-04-19 DOI: 10.1186/1742-5573-2-2

S Leonard Syme

引用次数: 0