Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy最新文献_第2页

Perinatal events affecting the onset of allergic diseases. 影响过敏性疾病发病的围产期事件。

Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy Pub Date : 2005-10-01 DOI: 10.2174/156801005774322144

Udo Herz, Bryon Petschow

{"title":"Perinatal events affecting the onset of allergic diseases.","authors":"Udo Herz, Bryon Petschow","doi":"10.2174/156801005774322144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/156801005774322144","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of asthma and related allergic disorders has increased considerably over the last several decades. Since the genetic makeup of humans has not changed during this time, it is likely that environmental factors may have influenced this rise in allergic diseases. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence to suggest that many aspects of health and disease are determined during the perinatal period and that alterations in lifestyle and diet later in life are secondary to the effects of the immunological programming that occurs during pregnancy and early infancy. This is directly applicable to allergic disease where immune responses at birth implicate intrauterine exposure as a primary sensitization event. Moreover, infants who experience allergy early in life already have an altered immune response at birth and most therapeutic approaches focus on altering the expression of the disease. Therefore, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms that shapes the immune response towards allergy development is fundamental to strengthening \"natural\" protective stimuli or developing preventative rather than treatment therapies.","PeriodicalId":86954,"journal":{"name":"Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy","volume":"4 5","pages":"523-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/156801005774322144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25658960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Prophylaxis and therapy of allergy by mucosal tolerance induction with recombinant allergens or allergen constructs. 用重组过敏原或构建过敏原诱导粘膜耐受预防和治疗过敏。

Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy Pub Date : 2005-10-01 DOI: 10.2174/156801005774322207

Ursula Wiedermann

{"title":"Prophylaxis and therapy of allergy by mucosal tolerance induction with recombinant allergens or allergen constructs.","authors":"Ursula Wiedermann","doi":"10.2174/156801005774322207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/156801005774322207","url":null,"abstract":"The mucosal immune system, present along the respiratory, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract, has to discriminate between harmful pathogens and innocuous antigens, such as food, airborne antigens or the commensal bacterial flora. Therefore the mucosal immune system has acquired two opposing immunological functions, i.e. the induction of immunity and defence of mucosal pathogens, and the induction and maintenance of tolerance to environmental antigens and bacterial flora. As described for autoimmunity a breakdown or failure of tolerance induction is believed to lead also to allergies and food enteropathies. Based on the physiological role to prevent hypersensitivity reactions, tolerance induction via the mucosa has been proposed as a treatment strategy against inflammatory diseases, such as allergies. The aim of our research is to develop mucosal allergy vaccines based on the induction of mucosal tolerance and/or the induction of counter-regulatory immune responses with or without the use of certain mucosal antigen delivery systems, such as lactic acid bacteria. The use of recombinant allergens instead of allergen extracts with varying allergen content and composition may be essential for improvement of the treatment efficacy. In the present review we give examples of different animal models of type I allergy/asthma. Using these models we demonstrate that recombinant allergens or hypoallergenic variants thereof can be successfully used to induce mucosal tolerance in a prophylactic as well as a therapeutic treatment regime. That the concept of mucosal tolerance induction/mucosal vaccine delivery may in principal also function in humans is supported by recent clinical trials with locally (sublingual) applied immunotherapy.","PeriodicalId":86954,"journal":{"name":"Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy","volume":"4 5","pages":"577-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/156801005774322207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25659476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 31

Design of protective and therapeutic DNA vaccines for the treatment of allergic diseases. 治疗过敏性疾病的保护性和治疗性DNA疫苗的设计。

Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy Pub Date : 2005-10-01 DOI: 10.2174/156801005774322171

Richard Weiss, Peter Hammerl, Arnulf Hartl, Romana Hochreiter, Wolfgang W Leitner, Sandra Scheiblhofer, Josef Thalhamer

{"title":"Design of protective and therapeutic DNA vaccines for the treatment of allergic diseases.","authors":"Richard Weiss, Peter Hammerl, Arnulf Hartl, Romana Hochreiter, Wolfgang W Leitner, Sandra Scheiblhofer, Josef Thalhamer","doi":"10.2174/156801005774322171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/156801005774322171","url":null,"abstract":"The DNA vaccine revolution has opened a vast scope of novel approaches for protective and therapeutic treatments of type I allergy. This review gives an overview on the current status of allergy DNA vaccines and presents advances in the design of vaccine constructs. An immense number of concurring studies have proven the stimulation of Th1 cells and the induction of a balanced Th1/Th2 cytokine milieu as the fundamental mechanisms underlying the anti-allergic effects of DNA vaccines. Basic vaccine formulations thus can be optimized by improving the cellular immunogenicity via co-administration of cytokines, co-expression or co-application of immunostimulatory DNA sequences or adapting the codon usage. The latter is a frequent and major reason for impaired vaccine expression (e.g. translation of plant allergen genes in mammal cells). Because of unwanted side effects during conventional specific immunotherapy with allergen extracts, safety is increasingly demanded for both, protein and DNA vaccines for allergy treatment. We discuss the creation of hypoallergenic DNA vaccines based on deliberate allergen gene fragmentation, the use of mutations and the routine production of hypoallergenic DNA vaccines by forced ubiquitination. Furthermore, allergen-expressing DNA replicon vaccines are introduced, which enable a drastic reduction of the vaccine dose without loss of anti-allergic efficacy. Finally, the development of DNA multi vaccines and fusion vaccines for protective and therapeutic applications against certain groups of allergens is addressed.","PeriodicalId":86954,"journal":{"name":"Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy","volume":"4 5","pages":"585-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/156801005774322171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25659477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Evidence of probiotics in prevention of allergy and asthma. 益生菌预防过敏和哮喘的证据。

Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy Pub Date : 2005-10-01 DOI: 10.2174/156801005774322135

Bengt Björkstén

{"title":"Evidence of probiotics in prevention of allergy and asthma.","authors":"Bengt Björkstén","doi":"10.2174/156801005774322135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/156801005774322135","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research into the causes of allergic diseases was mostly focussed on potential risk factors in the environment, with little success, however. Over the past 10 years, focus has therefore more been directed against protective factors that could enhance the development of tolerance to allergens which were previously encountered early in life, but are now lost in modern affluent societies. In particular, the role of childhood infections has been discussed, but so far these studies have not been conclusive. Recent epidemiological studies and experimental research suggest that the microbial environment and exposure to microbial products in infancy modifies immune responses and enhances the development of tolerance to ubiquitous allergens. The intestinal microflora may play a particular role in this respect, as it is the major external driving force in the maturation of the immune system after birth and animal experiments have shown it to be a prerequisite for normal development of oral tolerance. The composition of the microflora differs between healthy and allergic infants and in countries with a high and low prevalence of allergies. These differences are apparent within the first week of life, or even in the maternal vaginal flora during pregnancy and thus precede clinical symptoms. The use of live microorganisms that might be beneficial to health has a long tradition and the safety is well documented. Prospective intervention studies, in which the gut flora was modified from birth have yielded encouraging results and may suggest a new mode of primary prevention of allergy in the future.","PeriodicalId":86954,"journal":{"name":"Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy","volume":"4 5","pages":"599-604"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/156801005774322135","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25659478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 40

Skin barrier dysfunction and systemic sensitization to allergens through the skin. 皮肤屏障功能障碍和通过皮肤对过敏原的全身致敏。

Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy Pub Date : 2005-10-01 DOI: 10.2174/156801005774322199

Jessica Strid, Stephan Strobel

{"title":"Skin barrier dysfunction and systemic sensitization to allergens through the skin.","authors":"Jessica Strid, Stephan Strobel","doi":"10.2174/156801005774322199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/156801005774322199","url":null,"abstract":"Most allergic, atopic and hypersensitive reactions are associated with Th2-biased immune responses and allergen-specific IgE antibodies. Pathological allergic disorders are on an alarming increase in the industrialized world. Understanding the mechanism of primary sensitization to allergens is important in elucidating the pathogenesis of these diseases and for possibly preventing their development. In this article, we review recent information supporting that epidermal allergen exposure may contribute to systemic allergic diseases and that atopy may be secondary to skin barrier dysfunction in some dermatoses. The skin is an active immunological organ, which functions as a primary defence and biosensor to the external environment. The critical permeability barrier function is mediated by the outmost layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum. Perturbation of the stratum corneum initiates a chain of event, which activates homeostatic responses in the underlying epidermis. Repeated barrier-disruption, whether environmentally or genetically determined, may however stimulate signaling cascades that lead to inflammation and epidermal hyperplasia. Skin barrier dysfunction may also allow entry of allergens, which can lead to primary systemic sensitization. The altered epidermal microenvironment in barrier-disrupted skin appears to be particularly well suited for the induction of potent Th2-type responses with production of allergen-specific IgE. Epidermal exposure to food antigens can prevent the normal induction of oral tolerance and also lead to airway eosinophilia following inhalation. Exposure to allergens on barrier-disrupted skin may as such serve as a natural sensitization pathway for food allergy and respiratory allergic disease.","PeriodicalId":86954,"journal":{"name":"Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy","volume":"4 5","pages":"531-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/156801005774322199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25658961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 79

Anti-IgE therapy in allergic asthma. 抗ige治疗过敏性哮喘。

Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy Pub Date : 2005-10-01 DOI: 10.2174/156801005774322162

Claudia Rolinck-Werninghaus, Ulrich Wahn, Eckard Hamelmann

引用次数: 16

Mucosal immunoregulation: transcription factors as possible therapeutic targets. 粘膜免疫调节:转录因子作为可能的治疗靶点。

Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy Pub Date : 2005-10-01 DOI: 10.2174/156801005774322153

Aysefa Doganci, Markus F Neurath, Susetta Finotto

{"title":"Mucosal immunoregulation: transcription factors as possible therapeutic targets.","authors":"Aysefa Doganci, Markus F Neurath, Susetta Finotto","doi":"10.2174/156801005774322153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/156801005774322153","url":null,"abstract":"Much progress has been recently made with regard to our understanding of the mucosal immune system in health and disease. In particular, it has been shown that uncontrolled mucosal immune responses driven by lymphocytes or non-lymphoid cells may lead to immunological diseases such as allergy, hypersensitivity and inflammation. Thus, a more detailed understanding of mucosal immune regulation and decision making at mucosal surfaces is essential for a better understanding of mucosal immune responses in health and disease. Antigen presenting cells and T lymphocytes play a key role in controlling mucosal immune responses. To deal with this key task, T helper cells differentiate into functionally distinct subsets: TH1 (CD4+ T Helper cells), TH2, TH3, Tr1, and CD4+CD25+ T (Treg) cells. This review summarizes the role of antigen presenting cells, eosinophils, mast cells and T-cell subsets in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation and intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, we discuss novel immunological treatment modalities for allergic inflammation (e.g. allergic asthma) and chronic intestinal inflammation (e.g. inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)) such as the control of the expression of transcription factors to redirect pathological immune responses.","PeriodicalId":86954,"journal":{"name":"Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy","volume":"4 5","pages":"565-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/156801005774322153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25659475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Pharmaceutical treatment of asthma in children. 儿童哮喘的药物治疗。

Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy Pub Date : 2005-10-01 DOI: 10.2174/156801005774322216

Kai-Håkon Carlsen

{"title":"Pharmaceutical treatment of asthma in children.","authors":"Kai-Håkon Carlsen","doi":"10.2174/156801005774322216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/156801005774322216","url":null,"abstract":"The present review article gives an overview of the present treatment modalities of asthma during childhood and discusses the existing controversies in asthma treatment. Present guidelines of asthma treatment concentrate on treatment for adults and only marginally concern treatment of childhood asthma. The few exceptions are the British Scottish guidelines and the Nordic guidelines, which have separate paragraphs on paediatric asthma management. The main controversy in paediatric asthma treatment is that how early (in age) and how soon (after diagnosis of asthma has been established) should inhaled steroids be instituted. Does treatment with early inhaled steroids influence lung development? Also possible side effects of inhaled steroids as possible impact upon growth and effect upon the hypothalamic adrenal axis are discussed. What is the place of leukotriene antagonists in childhood asthma treatment? Other issues discussed are prevention of asthma (primary, secondary and tertiary) in relationship to treatment of asthma. Primary prevention regards preventive measures to be taken to prevent initial allergic diseases; secondary prevention aims at preventing development of further allergic disease after the initial allergic disorder, as preventing debut of asthma after atopic eczema. Tertiary prevention aims at reducing already existing allergic illness and preventing further progression. For asthma, tertiary prevention regards treatment. During later years, there has been a focus on the respiratory tract as a continuum, and how allergic rhinitis and asthma should be treated when they are coexistent. Treating exercise induced asthma optimally is regarded as an important aim in the general treatment of asthma in childhood. Particularly in childhood asthma, compliance (concordance) with treatment is an important issue. Also some controversial aspects of acute asthma treatment in young children are discussed.","PeriodicalId":86954,"journal":{"name":"Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy","volume":"4 5","pages":"543-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/156801005774322216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25659473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Editorial [Hot Topic: New Targets for Prevention and Treatment of Allergies (Guest Editor: Udo Herz)] 社论[热点话题:预防和治疗过敏的新目标(特邀编辑:Udo Herz)]

Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy Pub Date : 2005-09-30 DOI: 10.2174/156801005774322180

U. Herz

引用次数: 0

Transepithelial migration, necrosis and apoptosis as silent and pro-inflammatory fates of airway granulocytes. 经上皮迁移、坏死和凋亡是气道粒细胞沉默和促炎的命运。

Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy Pub Date : 2005-08-01 DOI: 10.2174/1568010054526241

Jonas Erjefält

{"title":"Transepithelial migration, necrosis and apoptosis as silent and pro-inflammatory fates of airway granulocytes.","authors":"Jonas Erjefält","doi":"10.2174/1568010054526241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1568010054526241","url":null,"abstract":"In inflammatory airway diseases, granulocytes such as eosinophils and neutrophils infiltrate the tissue where they are thought to exert pathogenic activities. To avoid a catastrophic accumulation of activated granulocytes, their recruitment must be balanced by efficient cell clearance mechanisms. In this regard, the focus has been on elimination through apoptosis and subsequent engulfment of apoptotic cells by phagocytes. However, novel data suggest that in the airways, powerful non-apoptotic mechanisms are also critically involved in cell clearance. One such mechanism is transepithelial migration into the airway lumen where the mucociliary escalator executes the final elimination. The physiological clearance of tissue granulocytes is normally silent, but can under certain situations shift to become a pro-inflammatory event. For example, apoptotic cells that escape phagocytosis, disintegrate in a pro-inflammatory process called secondary necrosis. In other situations, granulocytes are triggered to undergo an active and violent cytolytic death. This delicate balance in vivo, between silent and violent properties of granulocyte demise, complicates the design of pro-apoptotic pharmacological interventions. On the other hand, this insight may also open possibilities to new exciting treatment strategies. In this context, promoting transepithelial migration, prevention of secondary necrosis, and boosting the macrophage phagocytic system appear as exciting treatment avenues.","PeriodicalId":86954,"journal":{"name":"Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy","volume":"4 4","pages":"425-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1568010054526241","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25249973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18