Australian Journal of Plant Physiology最新文献_第5页

Expression of a UDPglucose pyrophosphorylase cDNA during fruit ripening of banana (Musa acuminata) 香蕉果实成熟过程中udp葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶cDNA的表达

Australian Journal of Plant Physiology Pub Date : 2000-12-15 DOI: 10.1071/PP00016

E. Pua, S. Lim, Pei Liu, Jian-Zhong Liu

{"title":"Expression of a UDPglucose pyrophosphorylase cDNA during fruit ripening of banana (Musa acuminata)","authors":"E. Pua, S. Lim, Pei Liu, Jian-Zhong Liu","doi":"10.1071/PP00016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/PP00016","url":null,"abstract":"We report the isolation of a banana cDNA, designated MWUGPA, encoding uridine diphosphoryl (UDP)-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase, EC.2.7.7.9) that catalyses the reversible conversion between glucose 1-phosphate and UDPglucose in plants and animals. Furthermore, UGPase expression in fruit during ripening and in response to exogenous ethylene and sugars was also investigated. MWUGPA encodes a polypeptide of 467 amino acid residues and shares a high degree of sequence similarity (85–90%) with other plant UGPase homologs. In northern blot analysis, a 1.7-kb UGPase transcript was detected in both the vegetative and reproductive organs, but the former was considerably less abundant than the latter. In fruit, the level of accumulated transcripts was higher in pulp than peel at all ripening stages. Transcript abundance in both fruit tissues was relatively constant during ripen-ing, but pulp transcripts surged in the ‘more green than yellow’ category fruit when ethylene also increased. Further analysis revealed that UGPase expression in fruit was ethylene-inducible, but the response was tissue-specific, as evidenced by the promoting effect of exogenous ethylene on accumulation of UGPase transcripts in pulp but not peel. Exogenous application of sucrose and fructose also increased UGPase transcript abundance in leaf and fruit tissues, especially pulp, whereas exogenous glucose had little or no effect. The results of this study indicate that ethy-lene and soluble sugars may play a regulatory role in UGPase expression during ripening in banana fruit.","PeriodicalId":8650,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"152 1 1","pages":"1151-1159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80404202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 35

Modification of rhizosphere pH by the symbiotic legume Aspalathus linearis growing in a sandy acidic soil 共生豆科植物杨梅对酸性沙质土壤根际pH值的影响

Australian Journal of Plant Physiology Pub Date : 2000-12-15 DOI: 10.1071/PP99198

M. L. Muofhe, F. Dakora

{"title":"Modification of rhizosphere pH by the symbiotic legume Aspalathus linearis growing in a sandy acidic soil","authors":"M. L. Muofhe, F. Dakora","doi":"10.1071/PP99198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/PP99198","url":null,"abstract":"Aspalathus linearis is a N2-fixing legume used for tea production, and grows in highly acidic soils (pH 3–5.3) of the Cederberg mountains in South Africa. Field and glasshouse studies revealed significantly higher pH in rhizosphere than non-rhizosphere soils. However, when six non-legume species were studied in adjacent fields, there were no differences in pH between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils. The culture of A. linearis plants in sterile Leonard jars similarly showed a marked increase of 2.8 pH units in the nutrient solution bathing the roots of inoculated (nodulated) plants, compared to 1.5 pH units in uninoculated control. The uptake and reduction of NO3– by plants fed 2 mM NO3– also raised the rhizosphere pH by 3.5 units, a value comparable to that of the nodulated plants. The use of titrimetric methods showed that OH– and HCO3– were the components of alkalinity in the nutrient solution bathing roots of A. linearis, and were directly responsible for the increase in rhizosphere pH. These findings suggest that the ability to raise rhizosphere pH is an adaptative feature of this legume symbiosis that overcomes the adverse effects of low pH in enhancing nutrient acquisition and reducing trace element toxicity.","PeriodicalId":8650,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"42 1","pages":"1169-1173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86130287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 44

Turgor and Cell Wall Yielding in Dicot Leaf Growth in Response to Changes in Relative Humidity 相对湿度变化对双叶植物叶片膨胀和细胞壁产生的影响

Australian Journal of Plant Physiology Pub Date : 2000-12-15 DOI: 10.1071/PP00055

M. Serpe, M. Matthews

{"title":"Turgor and Cell Wall Yielding in Dicot Leaf Growth in Response to Changes in Relative Humidity","authors":"M. Serpe, M. Matthews","doi":"10.1071/PP00055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/PP00055","url":null,"abstract":"Epidermal cell turgor (P) and leaf growth in Begonia argenteo-guttata L. were monitored simultaneously following changes in air humidity in order to evaluate P–growth relations. A decrease in air humidity from 70 to 5% caused a decrease in P of 0.05 MPa. This small decrease in P resulted in cessation of growth. Subsequently, growth recovered partially at constant P, indicating an increase in wall yielding to P. Notwithstanding this increase in wall yielding, the steady growth rates showed a marked dependence on P. Decreases in P of 0.05 MPa caused a 30–40% reduction in the steady rate of elongation. These results were reversible. Upon a step increase in air humidity from 5 to 70%, P and growth rate rapidly increased. Subsequently, growth declined without a corresponding decrease in P, although the rate of growth remained higher than at low humidity. The partial self-stabilization of growth following P changes and the positive relationship between steady growth rate and P are consistent with the notion that wall yielding is controlled by interactions between P and metabolism. Results are discussed in relation to biophysical factors that control growth and to present theories that accommodate variable wall yielding.","PeriodicalId":8650,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"16 1","pages":"1131-1140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74761141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

Agrobacterium cells as microprojectile coating: a novel approach to enhance stable transformation rates in strawberry 农杆菌细胞微丸包被:一种提高草莓稳定转化率的新方法

Australian Journal of Plant Physiology Pub Date : 2000-12-15 DOI: 10.1071/PP00025

M. C. D. Mesa, Silvia Jiménez-Bermúdez, F. Pliego-Alfaro, M. Quesada, J. Mercado

{"title":"Agrobacterium cells as microprojectile coating: a novel approach to enhance stable transformation rates in strawberry","authors":"M. C. D. Mesa, Silvia Jiménez-Bermúdez, F. Pliego-Alfaro, M. Quesada, J. Mercado","doi":"10.1071/PP00025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/PP00025","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of combining Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection and biolistic bombardment on the transformation of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cv. Chandler, was evaluated. Bombarding leaf explants with uncoated gold particles followed by Agrobacterium infection did not improve transformation, and yielded similar percentages of shoot regeneration in the presence of kanamycin in bombarded and non-bombarded explants (7.2%). In a novel approximation, gold particles were coated with Agrobacterium cells and used to bombard leaf explants. Helium pressures of 4.5, 6.2 and 7.6 MPa and target distances of 3 and 9 cm were tested. An average of 96.2% of the explants showed β-glucuronidase (GUS) expression 15 d after bombardment, in comparison with 26.6% in explants bombarded with gold particles coated with the plasmid pGUSINT or 58.3% in non-bombarded Agrobacterium-infected explants. After 25 weeks of culture, the highest transformation frequency was obtained using a 6.2 MPa helium pressure and 3 cm target distance, yielding 69% kanamycin-resistant explants and a final transformation fre-quency of 20.7%. These values were 4.5 times higher for kanamycin-resistant explants (69% with biolistic vs 16% with Agrobacterium infection) and 2.9 times higher for transformation frequency (20.7 vs 7%,) compared with those obtained with standard Agrobacterium transformation procedures (Barcelo et al. 1998, Plant Cell, Tiss. Org. Cult. 54, 29–36). More than 15 independent transgenic plants obtained by the Agrobacterium-coated particle system were acclimatized and confirmed as transgenics by GUS activity and PCR. Segregation analysis of kanamycin resistance has been performed in seven independent lines, three of which contained a single insertion of the T-DNA.","PeriodicalId":8650,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"35 1","pages":"1093-1100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91115090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 31

Histological and biochemical changes in Pinus spp. seeds during germination and post-germinative growth: triacylglycerol distribution and catalase activity 松种子萌发和萌发后的组织学和生化变化:甘油三酯分布和过氧化氢酶活性

Australian Journal of Plant Physiology Pub Date : 2000-12-15 DOI: 10.1071/PP00069

M. Jordy, Susanna Danti, J. Favre, M. Racchi

{"title":"Histological and biochemical changes in Pinus spp. seeds during germination and post-germinative growth: triacylglycerol distribution and catalase activity","authors":"M. Jordy, Susanna Danti, J. Favre, M. Racchi","doi":"10.1071/PP00069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/PP00069","url":null,"abstract":"The spatio-temporal evolution of catalase (CAT) activity and triacylglycerol distribution was investigated in seeds and seedlings from Pinus pinaster Ait., P. pinea L. and P. radiata D. Don during germination and post-germination. The high amount of triacylglycerols contained in the whole dehydrated embryo from the three species was progressively depleted, first, in the radicle and then in hypocotyl and cotyledons during post-germinative growth. In parallel, histological localisation of CAT activity and the quantitative analysis confirmed the involvement of this enzyme in cell detoxification from peroxide released during the intense lipid breakdown. Two isozymes, CAT-1 and CAT-2, were identified during post-germinative growth. Both were particularly active in the hypocotyl and radicle, while CAT-2 was specifically active in the photosynthetic tissues. These results emphasise that CAT activity is also independent from lipid metabolism in certain tissues. The role of each isoenzyme is discussed in connection with the metabolic changes occurring during seed germination and seedling growth. Special attention is given to the role of the shoot apex in triacylglycerol storage and breakdown. Central mother cells have been shown as a specific lipid storage area of the shoot apical meristem, in contrast with the peripheral zone in which lipid reserves were always reduced.","PeriodicalId":8650,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"7 1","pages":"1109-1117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79459558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Effects of elevated CO2 concentration on photosynthetic acclimation and productivity of two potato cultivars grown in open-top chambers CO2浓度升高对两种马铃薯开顶室光合驯化和产量的影响

Australian Journal of Plant Physiology Pub Date : 2000-12-15 DOI: 10.1071/PP99205

A. Schapendonk, M. Oijen, P. Dijkstra, C. Pot, W. Jordi, G. Stoopen

{"title":"Effects of elevated CO2 concentration on photosynthetic acclimation and productivity of two potato cultivars grown in open-top chambers","authors":"A. Schapendonk, M. Oijen, P. Dijkstra, C. Pot, W. Jordi, G. Stoopen","doi":"10.1071/PP99205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/PP99205","url":null,"abstract":"In two subsequent years, an early maturing potato cultivar with low leaf area index (LAI) and a late culti- var with high LAI were grown at concentrations of 350 and 700 µL CO2 L -1 in open-top chambers. The average increase of tuber dry matter yield by elevated CO2 was 27% in 1995 and 49% in 1996. During the first weeks after planting, elevated CO2 stimulated the light-saturated rate of photosynthesis (Amax) of both cultivars by 80%. However, Amax under elevated CO2 declined to the level of the low-CO2 treatment in the course of the growing season. In 1995 this convergence due to acclimation of photosynthesis was completed within 6 weeks, but in 1996, accli- mation proceeded until the end of the growing season. Photosynthetic acclimation was accompanied by a reduced Rubisco content, and was correlated more closely with accumulation of sucrose than of starch. From fluorescence measurements it was concluded that, in contrast to the carboxylation efficiency, the efficiency of photosynthetic reactions centers was not affected by acclimation to elevated CO2. The faster photosynthetic acclimation in 1995 coincided with overall lower values of Amax, crop growth rate and growth response to elevated CO2. It is shown that the indeterminate growth pattern of potato with its large sink capacity does not preclude acclimation. The effect of acclimation on yield was quantified by computer simulations. The simulated results indicated that photosynthetic acclimation reduced the positive effect of elevated CO2 on tuber yield by 50%.","PeriodicalId":8650,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"56 1","pages":"1119-1130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73181581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 84

Triticale grain growth and morphometry as affected by drought stress, late sowing and simulated drought stress 干旱胁迫、晚播和模拟干旱胁迫对小黑麦籽粒生长和形态的影响

Australian Journal of Plant Physiology Pub Date : 2000-11-17 DOI: 10.1071/PP99113

C. Royo, M. Abaza, R. Blanco, L. F. García del Moral

{"title":"Triticale grain growth and morphometry as affected by drought stress, late sowing and simulated drought stress","authors":"C. Royo, M. Abaza, R. Blanco, L. F. García del Moral","doi":"10.1071/PP99113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/PP99113","url":null,"abstract":"The effects on grain filling and morphometry of natural drought, late sowing and simulated drought by means of a chemical treatment with potassium iodide (KI) were compared over 3 years of field trials in triticale ( ¥ Triticosecale Wittmack) cv. Trujillo and three near-isogenic lines derived from it. Grain weight data fitted accurate to a logistic curve. The maximum rate of grain filling was the curve coefficient most sensitive to drought stress, and accounted for 7–50% of grain yield variation. Chemical treatment with KI caused greater variation in grain filling curve coefficients and grain morphometry than did a delay in the sowing date, which in turn caused greater variation than natural drought. The type and magnitude of the effects of the different kinds of stresses on grain growth and morphometry could be related to the time that elapsed from anthesis, at which time the effects were perceptible. KI reduced the maximum rate of grain filling and final grain weight by 38 and 32%, respectively, its effect being significant from 8 d after the treatment. The volume of grain was reduced 11% by KI. The impact of delayed sowing date and drought were significant 29 and 33 d after anthesis, respectively, corresponding to the end of the linear phase of the grain filling curves. Both treatments diminished grain filling duration (13% by delayed sowing, and 6% by drought, respectively), final grain weight (16 and 12%, respectively), grain volume (15% and 8%, respectively), and embryo area (8% in both cases), but neither altered the maximum grain filling rate.","PeriodicalId":8650,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"13 1","pages":"1051-1059"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85180045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 121

Contrasting seed germination responses to red and far-red light in Leptospermum scoparium and Melicytus ramiflorus 细尾草和细尾草种子萌发对红光和远红光的响应比较

Australian Journal of Plant Physiology Pub Date : 2000-11-17 DOI: 10.1071/PP00024

H. Herron, J. Clemens, D. Greer

{"title":"Contrasting seed germination responses to red and far-red light in Leptospermum scoparium and Melicytus ramiflorus","authors":"H. Herron, J. Clemens, D. Greer","doi":"10.1071/PP00024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/PP00024","url":null,"abstract":"Effects of red light (R) and far-red light (FR), and selected photon flux densities (PFD) of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) on seed germination in the photoblastic, primary colonising species Leptospermum scoparium J. R. et G. Forst. and the late secondary successional Melicytus ramiflorus J. R. et G. Forst. were studied. A continuous R dose response curve forL. scoparium germination was developed, unifying data from experiments using long-term exposure to PAR with those following short-term exposure to R. The threshold R dose needed to effect germination was ~0.1 mmol m –2 , and the response was saturated at 1000 mmol m –2 . Stimulation of germination by R was reversed by a subsequent exposure to FR. These features are consistent with a low-fluence response mediated by phytochrome B. FR reversal of germination was achieved at a dose two orders of magnitude lower than that of R required to induce initial germination. However, when both R and FR were provided simultaneously, the FR dose needed to even partially inhibit germination (34% compared to > 95% in controls) was two orders of magnitude higher than the R dose (R:FR ratio = 0.007). Germination in L. scoparium was also stimulated in up to 12% of seed upon diurnal exposure to FR, or by green light (~2 mol m –2 ), indicating a very-low-fluence response mediated by phytochrome A also operating in this species. In contrast, seed germination in M. ramiflorus was relatively unresponsive to R, and secondary dormancy was induced by high PFD (515 mol m –2 s –1 ).","PeriodicalId":8650,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"62 1","pages":"1069-1076"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84715904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) over-expressing alcohol dehydrogenase shows increased ethanol fermentation but no increase in tolerance to oxygen deficiency. 过表达乙醇脱氢酶的转基因棉花(Gossypium hirsutum)表现出乙醇发酵增加，但对缺氧的耐受性没有增加。

Australian Journal of Plant Physiology Pub Date : 2000-11-17 DOI: 10.1071/PP00052

M. Ellis, A. Millar, D. Llewellyn, W. Peacock, E. Dennis

{"title":"Transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) over-expressing alcohol dehydrogenase shows increased ethanol fermentation but no increase in tolerance to oxygen deficiency.","authors":"M. Ellis, A. Millar, D. Llewellyn, W. Peacock, E. Dennis","doi":"10.1071/PP00052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/PP00052","url":null,"abstract":"Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) was transformed with constructs for the over-expression of two enzymes involved in ethanol fermentation, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), with the goal of increasing waterlogging tolerance. Four independent transgenic lines transformed with the cotton Adh2 cDNA driven by the CaMV 35S promoter showed ectopic expression of this isozyme in leaves and up to 20-fold greater in vitro ADH activity in roots. Under conditions of O2 deficiency, excised roots from these transgenic plants showed up to 80% increase in ethanol evolution compared to untransformed roots. Conversely, one line transformed with a construct containing the Adh2 coding region in the antisense orientation showed a 65% decrease in ADH activity and a 25% decrease in ethanol production from anaerobic roots relative to untransformed cotton. Lines transformed with a rice Pdc1 cDNA driven by the CaMV 35S promoter showed high levels of expression of the transgene-encoded protein in leaves, but only very low levels of protein and no in vitro enzyme activity detectable in the roots of these plants. Roots from plants transformed with the 35S-Pdc construct did not produce more ethanol than roots from untransformed controls. We tested the ability of cotton roots to withstand low O2 treatments under hydroponic conditions. Neither the ‘ADH’ nor the ‘PDC’ transgenics showed more tolerance than the wild-type on the basis of root growth under a mild stress (5% O2), a strong stress (0% O2 with or without a 5% O2 pretreatment), or in recovery growth following these treatments. Our results show that over-expression of ADH can lead to ethanol over-production (even though the activity of this enzyme by far exceeds that of PDC, its precursor in the pathway), but this is not sufficient to increase waterlogging tolerance in cotton.","PeriodicalId":8650,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"54 1","pages":"1041-1050"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84592566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

Ethylene inhibitors enhanced sucrose synthase activity and promoted grain filling of basal rice kernels 乙烯抑制剂增强了蔗糖合酶活性，促进了水稻籽粒灌浆

Australian Journal of Plant Physiology Pub Date : 2000-11-17 DOI: 10.1071/PP00020

P. Naik, P. K. Mohapatra

{"title":"Ethylene inhibitors enhanced sucrose synthase activity and promoted grain filling of basal rice kernels","authors":"P. Naik, P. K. Mohapatra","doi":"10.1071/PP00020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/PP00020","url":null,"abstract":"At the booting stage of development, rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants were treated with chemicals that either inhibited the action or synthesis of ethylene, or produced ethylene. Inhibitors of ethylene action (AgNO3) and synthesis [uniconazole, paclobutrazol, Co(NO3)2r promoted grain filling and quality of the kernels of the basal spikelets of the panicle, while the ethylene-releasing substance CEPA (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) depressed these characteristics further. The inhibitors depressed the concentration of ethylene of the basal primary branches, but CEPA increased it above the control during the period of grain filling. The treatments were not effective on the superior apical spikelets of the panicle. The ethylene inhibitors improved starch synthesis in the kernels of the basal spikelets, but CEPA reduced it significantly, resulting in accumulation of soluble carbohydrates in the kernels. During the period of grain filling, sucrose synthase activity was higher than that of invertase in the kernels. Activities of sucrose synthase and invertase were higher in the apical than in the basal kernel. The ethylene inhibitors increased activities of both enzymes only in the basal kernel, whereas CEPA reduced activities significantly. Together, the results indicate that starch filling and grain quality of the basally positioned under-developed rice kernels can be affected by ethylene, and that key enzymes of sucrose metabolism are also affected in the process.","PeriodicalId":8650,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"139 1","pages":"997-1008"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89481077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 55