{"title":"A Simple, Bidirectional, Transistor Switch for Sine-Wave Trains","authors":"J. Weinman, A. Friedlander","doi":"10.1109/TBMEL.1962.4322995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBMEL.1962.4322995","url":null,"abstract":"Trains of sine waves of varying duration and frequency are sometimes required in auditory research or in experiments where nerve or muscle preparations are stimulated. One of the problems involved in such work is the need for a stimulus which is symmetrical to ground (pedestal-free) and which has a small rise time, so that the intensity-latency relationship can be correctly evaluated. It is sometimes also important to know the phase angle at which the sine wave has begun. A switch is described which was designed to meet these conditions. It uses a \"normal\" transistor in which the functions of the emitter and collector are interchanged periodically by a sinewave oscillator. The paper analyzes the behavior of a \"normal\" transistor as a bidirectional switch and describes how a suitable circuit can be designed.","PeriodicalId":86470,"journal":{"name":"IRE transactions on bio-medical electronics","volume":"9 1","pages":"181-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TBMEL.1962.4322995","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62994243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Automatic System for Processing Microelectrode Data","authors":"E. Glaser","doi":"10.1109/TBMEL.1962.4322997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBMEL.1962.4322997","url":null,"abstract":"A data processing system has been designed and built which converts single unit microelectrode recordings obtained on analog magnetic tape into a punched paper tape record. The conversion process preserves the exact time sequence in which the neurological events occur. The punched paper tape record can be used to obtain hard copy via a \"Flexowriter\" and to punch IBM cards for computation on any one of a number of digital computing machines. It thereby permits detailed study by digital computers of such phenomena as spontaneous activity and adaptive cell processes during and after periods of stimulation. The basic method for obtaining the paper tape record is to slow down the playback of the original tape record by a factor of 50 or l00. This permits continuous analog to digital conversion of the intervals by a compact digital subsystem designed for this purpose. The measurements are encoded and presented to a tape perforator operating at 110 characters per second. A code character is inserted at the end of each interval measurement to identify the intervals as: stimulus-response, response-response, response-stimulus, stimulus-stimulus. Other uses of this coding symbol are possible.","PeriodicalId":86470,"journal":{"name":"IRE transactions on bio-medical electronics","volume":"9 1","pages":"190-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TBMEL.1962.4322997","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62994403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Phase-Shift Ultrasonic Flowmeter","authors":"W. Zarnstorff, C. Castillo, C. W. Crumpton","doi":"10.1109/TBMEL.1962.4322999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBMEL.1962.4322999","url":null,"abstract":"An ultrasonic flowmeter using phase-shift techniques has been developed to measure phasic blood flow in animals. Lead zirconate titanate transducers are located diagonally opposed over the vessel so that 1-Mc ultrasound may be transmitted alternately upstream and downstream. The upstream and downstream transit times are measured by heterodyning the 1-Mc receiver crystal output to 10 kc, and then feeding this signal to an audio phasemeter. The phasemeter output is an ac signal whose magnitude represents flow velocity, and phase (relative to the chopper drive) indicates flow direction. The phasemeter output is amplified and synchronously detected to drive a recorder","PeriodicalId":86470,"journal":{"name":"IRE transactions on bio-medical electronics","volume":"9 1","pages":"199-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/TBMEL.1962.4322999","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62994929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Television ophthalmoscopy.","authors":"S S WEST, A M POTTS, J R SHEARER","doi":"10.1109/tbmel.1962.4322984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbmel.1962.4322984","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":86470,"journal":{"name":"IRE transactions on bio-medical electronics","volume":"BME-9 ","pages":"159-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/tbmel.1962.4322984","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"23594690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sound and pressure signals obtained from a single intracardiac transducer.","authors":"E M ALLARD","doi":"10.1109/tbmel.1962.4322965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbmel.1962.4322965","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":86470,"journal":{"name":"IRE transactions on bio-medical electronics","volume":"BME-9 ","pages":"74-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/tbmel.1962.4322965","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"23450516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A compensated dichromatic densitometer for indocyanine green.","authors":"W F SUTTERER, E H WOOD","doi":"10.1109/tbmel.1962.4322978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbmel.1962.4322978","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":86470,"journal":{"name":"IRE transactions on bio-medical electronics","volume":"BME-9 ","pages":"133-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/tbmel.1962.4322978","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"23507196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Behavior of thermistors at biological temperatures.","authors":"H W TROLANDER, J J STERLING","doi":"10.1109/tbmel.1962.4322980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbmel.1962.4322980","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":86470,"journal":{"name":"IRE transactions on bio-medical electronics","volume":"BME-9 ","pages":"142-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/tbmel.1962.4322980","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"23512770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A critical appraisal of methods of blood flow determination in animals and man.","authors":"E WETTERER","doi":"10.1109/tbmel.1962.4322985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbmel.1962.4322985","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":86470,"journal":{"name":"IRE transactions on bio-medical electronics","volume":"BME-9 ","pages":"165-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/tbmel.1962.4322985","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"23594356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrical properties of the cytoplasmic membrane and the cytoplasm of bacteria and of protoplasts.","authors":"H PAULY","doi":"10.1109/tbmel.1962.4322970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbmel.1962.4322970","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":86470,"journal":{"name":"IRE transactions on bio-medical electronics","volume":"BME-9 ","pages":"93-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/tbmel.1962.4322970","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24003417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}