Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Differentiating fatal one-punch assaults from standing height falls based on skeletal trauma: a pilot study","authors":"Samantha K. Rowbotham, Calvin G. Mole, Hans H. de Boer, Stephen M. Cordner, Soren Blau","doi":"10.1080/00450618.2023.2292126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2023.2292126","url":null,"abstract":"A fatal one-punch assault is defined as a single punch to a person’s head or neck resulting in death. In some of these assaults, it may be important to understand which injuries stemmed from the pu...","PeriodicalId":8613,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138565724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac dimensions measured from post-mortem photographs: are they accurate?","authors":"Zeena Gadsby, Jeremy Martin, Melissa Thompson, Benjamin Ondruschka, Ugo Da Broi, Rexson Tse","doi":"10.1080/00450618.2023.2283414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2023.2283414","url":null,"abstract":"Peer reviewing post-mortem reports, photographs and histology is a mandatory process in the everyday practice of forensic pathology. In the context of organ measurement/dimensions, comparing the di...","PeriodicalId":8613,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138542022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidimensional foot measurements-based sex estimation for Taiwanese population in foot length overlapping interval","authors":"Yu-Chi Lee, Fan Li","doi":"10.1080/00450618.2023.2289376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2023.2289376","url":null,"abstract":"Estimating the sex from unknown bodies or fragmented human remains is essential for forensic identification. For sex estimation from foot features, previous studies highly depend on the foot length...","PeriodicalId":8613,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138542007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unmasking the digital deception - a comprehensive survey on image forgery and detection techniques","authors":"S. Bharathiraja, B. Rajesh Kanna, S. Geetha, G. Anusooya","doi":"10.1080/00450618.2023.2270575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2023.2270575","url":null,"abstract":"In today's digital landscape, digital images are widely used for communication across various platforms, but they are also vulnerable to tampering and deception. The proliferation of image editing ...","PeriodicalId":8613,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138533603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The forensic´s scientist craft: toward an integrative theory. Part 2: meso- and macroapproach","authors":"Alexandre Giovanelli","doi":"10.1080/00450618.2023.2283418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2023.2283418","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTSeveral authors have suggested theoretical approaches that support the practices of forensic scientists, including adherence to the evidential paradigm and the centrality of the concept of trace, both included in the Sydney Declaration. The objective of this paper was to continue the construction of an integrated theoretical model, which incorporates the epistemological, methodological and practical dimensions of the forensic scientist’s work. Therefore, these new discussions found in the literature will be incorporated, as well as some established traditional concepts. A synthesis theory was elaborated from basic concepts and practices related to the following procedures performed by forensic scientists: a) use of laws derived from other sciences to assert causes associated with state changes observed in a trace; b) use of inferences and experimentation for the reconstruction of the criminal event and detection of trace arrangement patterns in criminal scenarios. The formulation of a coherent, hierarchical and systematic framework provides subsidies for facing some challenges in forensic science, such as: evaluating the role of cognitive bias in certain phases of the forensic scientist’s work; the determination of a coherent curriculum that aggregates the essential competences for forensic analysis and the improvement of the predictive potential of forensic science in intelligence studies.KEYWORDS: Forensic sciencetheory synthesisSydney Declarationepistemologylogical reasoningevidential paradigm Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. In fact, Alphonse Bertillon used this aphorism to support his analyzes of identification through photography. However, in his work ‘Anthropometric Identification’ (1893), Bertillon himself attributed these words to the famous anatomist Louis Peisse (1803–1880) inserted as an epigraph by Paul Richer (1849–1933) in his ‘Traité d’Anatomie Artistique’ (1890).2. The term is a way of recognizing the pioneering work of Frances Glessner Lee (1878–1962), an American scientist who dedicated herself to forensic science, promoting scientific meetings, discussions and research. His most famous accomplishment was the reconstitution of real crime scenes, through dioramas, known as ‘Nutshell Studies of Unexplained Death’.Additional informationFundingThis research did not receive any funding.","PeriodicalId":8613,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘From the editor’s desk’: closing out volume 55","authors":"Daniel Franklin","doi":"10.1080/00450618.2023.2273014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2023.2273014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8613,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135863906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological sex estimation with femoral dimensions: a study of an adult sample from the osteological collection of Granada (Spain)","authors":"Luiza Báo Sobreira, Eugénia Cunha, Francisco Curate","doi":"10.1080/00450618.2023.2270648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2023.2270648","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTEstimating the biological sex is one of the key objectives in a forensic investigation involving unidentified human skeletal remains. The femur is sexually dimorphic and has been extensively employed for the assessment of sex in different populations. The purposes of this article include a detailed macroanatomical characterization of the femur in a modern reference sample of the Spanish population (N = 226; Cemetery of San José in Granada, housed in the Physical Anthropology Laboratory of the University of Granada), based on 15 measurements of the proximal, distal and diaphyseal regions, and the development of univariable and multivariable models that enable the prediction of sex from complete or fragmentary femora. Univariable models were developed with C4.5, a decision-tree algorithm. Furthermore, univariable and multivariable models were generated through logistic regression (LR) with stepwise selection procedures. The models were able to correctly estimate sex in up to 91.2% of the individuals, providing high classification accuracy and low bias under cross-validation. Logistic regression models provide a probabilistic estimate of sex, that acknowledges both the Daubert standard and the fact that biological sex is not strictly dichotomous.KEYWORDS: Femurlogistic regressiondecision trees, biological profileforensic anthropology AcknowledgmentsThe authors would like to thank the Department of Anthropology at the University of Granada, Spain, particularly to Professor Inmaculada Alemán, for the opportunity to collect data in its laboratory, and the Program Erasmus for granting an internship scholarship to the first author.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe work was supported by the Erasmus+.","PeriodicalId":8613,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135113063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic analysis of planned and unplanned complex suicides: a case series","authors":"Margherita Pallocci, Michele Treglia, Pierluigi Passalacqua, Fabio Guidato, Filippo Milano, Giulio Sacchetti, Luigi Tonino Marsella","doi":"10.1080/00450618.2023.2268129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2023.2268129","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTResearch on suicide has always been an area of particular interest in the forensic field. Over time, classifications have been proposed to define different types of suicide. A category is represented by complex suicides (CS) defined using two or more suicide methods simultaneously or consecutively. Considering the victim’s intentions, CS can be distinguished into planned, in which the victim plans the methods to ensure the fatal outcome, and unplanned, in which the methods are implemented in the mid-course because the first proves too painful or prolonged. The sometimes-varied dynamics with which such suicides are carried out can pose a diagnostic challenge for forensic pathologists and investigators. This paper aims to report the case history of complex suicides analysed during a year at the University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’. For each case, the data from the on-site investigation (presence of suicide note and anamnestic information from the medical records of the deceased or family members’ reports) and autopsy investigations were analysed and discussed, with particular reference to the suicide methods used. For each case, a classification into planned and unplanned was proposed based on an integrated analytical approach.KEYWORDS: Forensic scienceslegal medicineplanned complex suicidesunplanned complex suicidecase series Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":8613,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135823799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA mixture analyses of autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms for individual identification using droplet digital polymerase-chain reaction and massively parallel sequencing in combination with EuroFormix","authors":"Hsiao-Lin Hwa, Ming-Yih Wu, Pi-Mei Hsu, Hsiang-I Yin, Tsui-Ting Lee, Chih-Wen Su","doi":"10.1080/00450618.2023.2261511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2023.2261511","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTDroplet digital polymerase-chain reaction (ddPCR) and massively parallel sequencing (MPS) can be used to detect an extremely low proportion of non-overlapping single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of a minor contributor in a DNA mixture. Both semi-continuous and continuous probabilistic likelihood ratio (LR) models can be used to interpret the DNA profiles of mixtures. We analysed 28 identity-informative SNPs in 20 DNA mixtures with various minor to major ratios (1:29, to 1:99) by using our customized ddPCR panel and two MPS panels. The minor contributors of the DNA mixtures were correctly inferred using both semi-continuous and continuous LR models of EuroForMix based on the data of our customized ddPCR and one MPS panel. The accuracy rate of minor contributor assignment was 95% and 90% using semi-continuous and continuous LR models, respectively, using the data of the other MPS panel with lower coverage reads. In conclusion, the quantitative genotype data of SNPs generated using ddPCR can be used for the minor contributor inference for DNA mixtures. The performance of a continuous LR model in minor contributor identification in DNA mixtures may not be superior to that of a semi-continuous LR model when the coverage reads of the MPS panel is insufficient.KEYWORDS: Droplet digital PCRmassively parallel sequencingcontinuous likelihood ratiosemi-continuous likelihood ratiosingle nucleotide polymorphism AcknowledgmentsThe authors acknowledge the technical support of Professor Tsang-Ming Ko and Genefile Bioscience Laboratory for ddPCR experiments. We thank Ai-Jiun Jung for data analysis and manuscript typewriting.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Supplemental dataSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2023.2261511Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the National Taiwan University Hospital Taiwan, R.O.C. [Grant Number NTUH 106-003500].","PeriodicalId":8613,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135759485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proportion of total DNA consistent with the known owner on different areas of law enforcement owned firearms","authors":"Rachel H. Oefelein, Sarah Cresswell, Carney Matheson","doi":"10.1080/00450618.2023.2268135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2023.2268135","url":null,"abstract":"If a DNA profile obtained from evidence is consistent with an individual, there are several hypotheses on the activity level that could be evaluated in relation to the evidence. Was the DNA deposited by the owner or routine handler of the firearm? Was the individual’s DNA transferred via another means to the firearm? Gaining insights as to the quantities of DNA typically obtained from an owner of a firearm from different areas of the item may aid the examiner in more effectively evaluating the evidence. This study focused on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) collected from the trigger and trigger guard, the frame and slide, and the front and rear sight areas of 16 law enforcement-issued firearms. All samples that were suitable for comparison supported the DNA profile under the proposition if the owner of the firearm was a contributor to the DNA profile obtained from the sample. Additionally, 93% of the samples were assigned a likelihood ratio (LR) associated with a contributor that was estimated to account for greater than 70% of the DNA profile. Establishing data that can be used for evaluative reporting will enhance the DNA examiner’s ability to better explain the evidence in a courtroom setting.","PeriodicalId":8613,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135094972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}