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The role of EBV in MS pathogenesis. EBV在MS发病机制中的作用。
International MS journal Pub Date : 2006-05-01
T Christensen
{"title":"The role of EBV in MS pathogenesis.","authors":"T Christensen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environmental factors operate on a background of genetic susceptibility in the pathogenesis of MS. Human herpesviruses, notably Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human endogenous retroviruses are factors associated with MS. EBV association is found in epidemiological surveys where late EBV infection confers a higher risk of MS, and EBV reactivation also appears to be linked to disease activity in early MS. MS patients have elevated anti-EBV antibody responses, both in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Molecular mimicry is found between certain EBV and myelin epitopes in the cell-mediated immune response. EBV cannot stand alone as a causal factor of MS, but is likely to play an indirect role as an activator of the underlying disease process.</p>","PeriodicalId":86075,"journal":{"name":"International MS journal","volume":"13 2","pages":"52-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25991858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neuromyelitis optica. Neuromyelitis optica。
International MS journal Pub Date : 2006-05-01
D M Wingerchuk
{"title":"Neuromyelitis optica.","authors":"D M Wingerchuk","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), otherwise known as Devic's disease, is an idiopathic, severe, inflammatory disorder that preferentially affects the optic nerves and spinal cord. Clinical, laboratory and immunopathological evidence suggests that NMO is a humorally mediated disease distinct from MS. A spinal cord lesion extending contiguously over three or more vertebral segments is characteristic of NMO and, in combination with a cranial magnetic resonance imaging scan that does not meet radiological criteria for MS, is over 94% sensitive and 96% specific for NMO diagnosis. The serum autoantibody marker, neuromyelitis optica-immunoglobulin G (NMO-IgG), appears specific for NMO and suggests that the disease spectrum includes cases of recurrent longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis and Japanese opticospinal MS. Its target antigen is the water channel aquaporin-4, suggesting that NMO may represent a novel autoimmune channelopathy. Relapsing NMO has a poor prognosis; therapy, typically with immunosuppression, is necessary as early as possible in the disease course to prevent attack-related disability.</p>","PeriodicalId":86075,"journal":{"name":"International MS journal","volume":"13 2","pages":"42-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25991857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Survival and mortality rates among Danes with MS. 丹麦多发性硬化症患者的生存率和死亡率。
International MS journal Pub Date : 2006-05-01
H Brønnum-Hansen, E Stenager, T Hansen, H Koch-Henriksen
{"title":"Survival and mortality rates among Danes with MS.","authors":"H Brønnum-Hansen,&nbsp;E Stenager,&nbsp;T Hansen,&nbsp;H Koch-Henriksen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long-term survival and trends in overall and cause-specific excess mortality among people with MS have been studied using the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry, which contains information about all Danish MS patients since the mid-20th Century. A total of 4254 deaths among approximately 10,000 people with MS, representing more than 200,000 person-years of observation, have been analysed. Overall, mortality was almost three times higher and life expectancy 10 years less among people with MS than for the general population. However, excess mortality has declined significantly since 1950.</p>","PeriodicalId":86075,"journal":{"name":"International MS journal","volume":"13 2","pages":"66-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25991859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
MS in Asian countries. MS在亚洲国家。
International MS journal Pub Date : 2006-05-01
M Wasay, I A Khatri, B Khealani, M Sheerani
{"title":"MS in Asian countries.","authors":"M Wasay,&nbsp;I A Khatri,&nbsp;B Khealani,&nbsp;M Sheerani","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper reviews all available English language literature on MS from Asian countries published between 1970 and 2005. Although limited data are available, the review reveals that western Asia--including the Middle East--has the highest prevalence of MS across the continent, and that MS in Asia largely resembles conventional MS in western countries. Opticospinal MS (a distinct clinical entity from conventional MS) is more common in eastern Asian regions. Larger epidemiological and genetic studies, with more complete ascertainment in various Asian populations, are needed so that we can understand the diversity of Asian MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":86075,"journal":{"name":"International MS journal","volume":"13 2","pages":"58-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26019935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
MS treatment optimization: report from the 21st ETRIMS/10th ACTRIMS Congress, 28 September-1 October 2005, Thessaloniki, Greece. MS治疗优化:第21届ETRIMS/第10届ACTRIMS大会报告，2005年9月28日至10月1日，希腊塞萨洛尼基。
International MS journal Pub Date : 2006-01-01
Michel Clanet, Reinhard Hohlfeld
{"title":"MS treatment optimization: report from the 21st ETRIMS/10th ACTRIMS Congress, 28 September-1 October 2005, Thessaloniki, Greece.","authors":"Michel Clanet,&nbsp;Reinhard Hohlfeld","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Around 3500 international delegates were presented with a broad scientific programme at the joint meeting of the 21st ECTRIMS and 10th ACTRIMS congress held last September. The meeting focused on the heterogeneity of MS and optimizing MS treatment--from the earliest stages to the long-term management of this chronic disease--with the goal of improving patient outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":86075,"journal":{"name":"International MS journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"13-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25806142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Health economic issues in MS. MS中的健康经济问题。
International MS journal Pub Date : 2006-01-01
G Kobelt
{"title":"Health economic issues in MS.","authors":"G Kobelt","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objectives of MS treatment are to avoid temporary disability due to relapses and to delay progression to permanent disability. There have been intense debates about whether new and costly MS treatments represent efficient use of resources, and which patients should be treated. Cost-effectiveness analysis attempts to estimate the trade-offs involved and to provide information that will assist the decision-making process. In chronic-progressive diseases, health gains and potential associated economic benefits are often most evident in the long term. Consequently, the potential impact of new treatments must be estimated, using models that project available knowledge into the future. These models can also explore scenarios that provide best value for money (e.g. by defining subgroups or criteria when treatment should be stopped). The different findings obtained by various cost-effectiveness studies of new MS treatments can be explained by the variations in methodological approaches, patient definitions and datasets used. The key is to communicate such differences transparently.</p>","PeriodicalId":86075,"journal":{"name":"International MS journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"17-26, 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25806143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Complementary and alternative medicine for MS. 多发性硬化症的补充和替代药物。
International MS journal Pub Date : 2006-01-01
T Jock Murray
{"title":"Complementary and alternative medicine for MS.","authors":"T Jock Murray","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurologists are often uncertain how to view the many complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) approaches, used by their patients. This is an important issue, as studies show that 50-75% of MS patients use one or more CAM therapies, and see CAM therapists more than conventional physicians. Moreover, many MS patients do not tell their physicians what they are doing, especially if they feel the physician will be judgmental.</p>","PeriodicalId":86075,"journal":{"name":"International MS journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25806140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A review of the evidence for efficacy of complementary and alternative medicines in MS. 补充和替代药物治疗多发性硬化症疗效的证据综述。
International MS journal Pub Date : 2006-01-01
A Huntley
{"title":"A review of the evidence for efficacy of complementary and alternative medicines in MS.","authors":"A Huntley","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The role of complementary and alternative medicine for the management of MS symptoms lies in palliative care: this is borne out by the popularity of such therapies among people with MS. This article describes some of the major complementary and alternative therapies used to treat MS symptoms and whether their use is supported by evidence from randomized controlled trials. For the vast majority of complementary and alternative regimens researched, there are only one or two trials per therapy. Thus, it is difficult to recommend any specific modality. Several trials have investigated linoleic acid and its derivatives, magnetic field therapy and cannabis extracts. All three approaches appear to be of use in ameliorating MS symptoms but more research is needed. Other issues that should be considered by MS patients when taking a complementary or alternative therapy are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":86075,"journal":{"name":"International MS journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"5-12, 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25806141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fabry's disease as a differential diagnosis of MS. 法布里氏病作为多发性硬化的鉴别诊断。
International MS journal Pub Date : 2006-01-01
D Callegaro, D R Kaimen-Maciel
{"title":"Fabry's disease as a differential diagnosis of MS.","authors":"D Callegaro,&nbsp;D R Kaimen-Maciel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fabry's disease is a genetically inherited error of glycosphingolipid metabolism that results from the defective activity of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-galactosidase A (alpha-GalA). The enzymatic defect, caused by an X-linked recessive genes, leads to progressive deposition of neutral glycosphingolipids (predominantly globotriaosylceramide), with terminal alpha-galactosyl moieties, in most visceral tissues and fluids of the body. Cerebrovascular manifestations result from multifocal small-vessel involvement and may include thromboses, basilar arterial ischaemia and aneurysm, seizures, paroxystic hemiplegia or hemianaesthesia, vestibular disorders and frank cerebral haemorrhage. Severe neurological signs may be present without evidence of major thrombosis and are presumably due to multifocal small-vessel occlusive disease. Vascular ischaemia and lipid deposition in peripheral nerves may cause conduction abnormalities (slowed conduction velocities and distal latency). Sensory neurons in spinal ganglia and small myelinated and unmyelinated fibers are affected preferentially.</p>","PeriodicalId":86075,"journal":{"name":"International MS journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"27-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25806144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Motivating MS patients: the Annual Convention 2005 of the MS Forum, 22 May 2005, St Julians, Malta. 激励多发性硬化症患者:多发性硬化症论坛2005年年会，2005年5月22日，圣朱利安，马耳他。
International MS journal Pub Date : 2005-11-01
Michel Clanet
{"title":"Motivating MS patients: the Annual Convention 2005 of the MS Forum, 22 May 2005, St Julians, Malta.","authors":"Michel Clanet","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Motivation is a key issue for everyone caring for people with MS. One needs to consider how best to motivate healthcare professionals so that optimum patient management is maintained over the long term. In addition, there is the aspect of patient motivation, so that people continue the treatments available to them. This report focuses on three plenary presentations given when the extended MS Forum group discussed patient motivation, during the Annual Convention 2005.</p>","PeriodicalId":86075,"journal":{"name":"International MS journal","volume":"12 3","pages":"109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25804840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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