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Spotlight on teriflunomide. 聚焦特立氟米特。
International MS journal Pub Date : 2008-06-01
E Tallantyre, N Evangelou, C S Constantinescu
{"title":"Spotlight on teriflunomide.","authors":"E Tallantyre,&nbsp;N Evangelou,&nbsp;C S Constantinescu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, licensed disease-modifying agents for multiple sclerosis (MS) all share the need for parenteral administration. Oral therapies would carry the advantage of convenience and greater acceptability. Teriflunomide is one of several oral agents currently undergoing Phase III investigation. This article describes the mode of action of teriflunomide which largely depends on inhibition of pyrimidine synthesis. We review the evidence so far on the efficacy of teriflunomide in animal models and Phase II human studies. In view of teriflunomides favourable safety profile it appears to be a promising oral alternative to interferon beta and glatiramer acetate. The ongoing Phase III investigations of teriflunomide as mono- and combination therapy are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":86075,"journal":{"name":"International MS journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"62-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27666694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparative studies of glatiramer acetate and interferon beta. 醋酸格拉替默与干扰素的比较研究。
International MS journal Pub Date : 2008-06-01
D Goodin
{"title":"Comparative studies of glatiramer acetate and interferon beta.","authors":"D Goodin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the last decade and a half, several disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) have been approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) including glatiramer actetate (GA; Copaxone), interferon beta (IFNB)-1a (Avonex, Rebif), IFNB-1b (Betaferon/Betaseron), mitoxantrone (Novantrone), and natalizumab (Tysabri). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of each of these DMTs have demonstrated that treatment has a favourable impact on at least one (often several) of the short-term outcome measures typically used to assess efficacy in MS clinical trials. These outcomes include clinical measures of disease activity such as the number or frequency of relapses, the time to first relapse, etc. They also include clinical measures of disease severity such as disease progression on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) or the MS Functional Composite score (MSFC), determined either as a confirmed change over a 3 to 6 month interval or as a total change over the entire duration of the trial, in addition to various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures such as the number and volume of T2 lesions, the number and volume of new or gadolinium (Gd)-enhancing lesions, or the number and volume of T1 dark lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":86075,"journal":{"name":"International MS journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"39-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27666689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spotlight on fumarates. 聚焦富马酸盐。
International MS journal Pub Date : 2008-03-01
De-Hyung Lee, Ralf A Linker, Ralf Gold
{"title":"Spotlight on fumarates.","authors":"De-Hyung Lee,&nbsp;Ralf A Linker,&nbsp;Ralf Gold","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recent years have witnessed great efforts in establishing new therapeutic options for multiple sclerosis (MS). There is a clear need for more effective, safe and at the same time orally available treatment options. Here we review the potential of fumaric acid esters (FAE) as a new therapeutic option for MS. FAE have been claimed to possess immunomodulatory properties and are already in clinical use as second-line therapy for severe systemic psoriasis. They also displayed beneficial effects in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model mimicking many aspects of MS. In addition, FAE may also act on the blood-brain barrier and exert neuroprotective properties via activation of anti-oxidative pathways. A first magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based Phase II study in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) revealed a dose-dependent, significant reduction of brain lesion activity for BG-12, a dimethyl FAE compound. Currently, two multicentre, Phase III studies for testing clinical efficacy in RRMS are initiated. In view of their profile, FAE compounds may have the potential to add to our therapeutic options in RRMS in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":86075,"journal":{"name":"International MS journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"12-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27605246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spotlight on anti-CD20. 聚焦抗cd20。
International MS journal Pub Date : 2008-03-01
E Waubant
{"title":"Spotlight on anti-CD20.","authors":"E Waubant","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune modulators, such as interferon beta and glatiramer acetate, have focused on T-cells as the primary therapeutic target, although both drugs affect other cell types as well. There has been a renewed interest in the potential roles of both antibody-dependent and antibody-independent B-cell responses in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model. Accumulating data suggest that the contribution of B-cells and their secreted products to central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory diseases may relate to the abilities of B-cells to (1) differentiate into plasmocytes that produce antibodies, (2) function as antigen-presenting cells, contributing to Tcell activation, (3) produce effector cytokines that may modulate the local immune environment, (4) harbour the Epstein Barr virus in a chronically activated state, and (5) play a role in formation and maintenance of new lymphoid foci within the CNS. Understanding the biological and clinical impact of selective B-cell interventions such as rituximab (Rituxan, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA) becomes of particular interest. This review will present the rational for B-cell based therapies in MS and related diseases and preliminary data suggesting a therapeutic benefit in MS and related diseases. In addition, other therapies aiming at CD20 will be reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":86075,"journal":{"name":"International MS journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"19-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27605247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
MS in Latin America. MS在拉丁美洲。
International MS journal Pub Date : 2008-03-01
G Luetic
{"title":"MS in Latin America.","authors":"G Luetic","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the last few years, there has been an increasing desire to study and expand current knowledge about the different aspects of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in Latin America (LATAM). This report analyzes epidemiological data and specific aspects of MS in this region and aims to describe the current situation, based on the very few scientific publications that contain reliable information. Everything seems to indicate that MS in LATAM has some special characteristics that makes it different from what has been described in other areas of the world. Nevertheless, more thorough research has to be carried out in order to obtain conclusive data regarding the behaviour of the disease in LATAM.</p>","PeriodicalId":86075,"journal":{"name":"International MS journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"6-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27605298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
MS in Latin America. MS在拉丁美洲。
International MS journal Pub Date : 2008-03-01
J Correale
{"title":"MS in Latin America.","authors":"J Correale","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":86075,"journal":{"name":"International MS journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"3-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27605297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Activated microglia in primary MS lesions: defenders or aggressors? 原发性多发性硬化症病变中活化的小胶质细胞:防御者还是侵略者?
International MS journal Pub Date : 2007-09-01
F Gay
{"title":"Activated microglia in primary MS lesions: defenders or aggressors?","authors":"F Gay","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Regions of myelinated normal-appearing white matter in clinically early cases of MS show activated parenchymal microglia, with evidence of the beginnings of endocytosis and lysis of the myelin sheath. Whether these cells act as scavengers and restorers of already-damaged tissue, or play an essential primary and aggressive role in myelin lysis and pathogenesis of the MS plaque, is unclear. This review describes the various events observed in these primordial MS lesions in recent studies using immunocytochemistry, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gene-activation analysis. Despite the various controversial mechanisms proposed to explain the findings, all seem to require the presence of an as-yet undiscovered primary provoking antigen, which is most probably being processed internally by immune systems of the central nervous system. Events taking place in the primordial MS lesion do not seem to be directed by a primary autoimmune attack; they are more suggestive of processes particularly associated with bacterial antigen response.</p>","PeriodicalId":86075,"journal":{"name":"International MS journal","volume":"14 3","pages":"78-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27102197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Statins in MS. 他汀类药物治疗多发性硬化症。
International MS journal Pub Date : 2007-09-01
David Bates
{"title":"Statins in MS.","authors":"David Bates","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":86075,"journal":{"name":"International MS journal","volume":"14 3","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27102195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Acute aphasia in MS revisited. 多发性硬化症的急性失语症。
International MS journal Pub Date : 2007-09-01
A J Larner, B R F Lecky
{"title":"Acute aphasia in MS revisited.","authors":"A J Larner,&nbsp;B R F Lecky","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":86075,"journal":{"name":"International MS journal","volume":"14 3","pages":"76-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27102196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rehabilitation and MS. 康复和MS。
International MS journal Pub Date : 2007-09-01
V L Stevenson, E D Playford
{"title":"Rehabilitation and MS.","authors":"V L Stevenson,&nbsp;E D Playford","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unfortunately, most people with MS will develop disability, which may or may not be permanent, at some point in their lives. Effective management of this is dependent on co-ordinated services that can be accessed by the person with MS in a timely and effective fashion. Neurological rehabilitation is a process of active change by which the person with MS acquires the knowledge and skills necessary for optimum physical, psychological and social function. It requires a dedicated multidisciplinary team with a clear understanding of the MS disease process, the mechanisms of disablement, and the skills to educate and treat people with disability so that they may participate fully in their chosen roles. This review considers the necessary components to the rehabilitation process and when such input may be most appropriate.</p>","PeriodicalId":86075,"journal":{"name":"International MS journal","volume":"14 3","pages":"85-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27102198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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