Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Cognitive impairment in older people accessing public mental health services across Australia and New Zealand: Implications for clinical practice, workforce development and service provision.","authors":"Roderick McKay, Anne Wand, Gary Cheung","doi":"10.1177/00048674241307147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00048674241307147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Assessment and management of older people with cognitive impairment, especially those associated with psychiatric symptoms; are recognised as core capabilities of old age psychiatrists. Bi-national collections of HoNOS65+/HoNOS reveal that over 40% of older people entering public mental health services across Australia and New Zealand have a clinically significant rating on the HoNOS65+/HoNOS cognitive problem scale, with rates increasing with age, and significant regional variability. The high rates of cognitive impairment in these data reinforce the need for <i>all</i> mental health clinicians working with older people to have the capability to assess people with cognitive impairment. Once cognitive impairment is identified, clinicians must be equipped to incorporate the implications into individualised management plans, appropriate referral pathways and community support services. Such skills cannot be the sole responsibility of old age psychiatrists or aged care psychiatry services given the significant number of older people seen by adult mental health services. Regional variability in rates of cognitive impairment raises significant questions regarding variation in service eligibility criteria, equity of access to appropriate mental health care and the availability of a workforce and clinical environments that can meet the needs of older people with cognitive impairment. Finally, psychiatry trainees must learn about working with older people with various degrees of cognitive impairment as part of providing high-quality psychiatric care for an ageing population.</p>","PeriodicalId":8589,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"48674241307147"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142891520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of suicidal and self-harm ideation in fathers during the perinatal and early parenting period: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Alison Fogarty, Grace McMahon, Helen Findley, Casey Hosking, Madison Schulz, Monique Seymour, Liana Leach, Rohan Borschmann, Craig F Garfield, Rebecca Giallo","doi":"10.1177/00048674241267896","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00048674241267896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Suicide is a leading cause of death in males aged 25-44 years, an age which often coincides with becoming a father. This review aims to synthesise the evidence of the prevalence of suicidal and self-harm ideation in fathers during the perinatal, postnatal and early parenting period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five databases were searched (PsycINFO, Medline, Web of Science, PubMed and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) to identify papers published between 1 January 2000 and 9 March 2023. A meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the prevalence of suicidality and self-harm ideation across the included studies. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore potential sources of heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 4215 articles were identified, with 14 studies included in the review. The combined pooled prevalence of suicidal and self-harm ideation was 4.2% (95% CI [2.6%, 6.2%]). Prevalence estimates were higher for self-harm ideation at 5.1% (95% CI [2.6%, 6.2%]) than for suicidality at 3% (95% CI [0.9%, 6.1%]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review found that a considerable proportion of fathers experience suicidal and self-harm ideation during the early years of parenting. However, the paucity of rigorous prevalence studies indicates that further research in this area is needed urgently.</p>","PeriodicalId":8589,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1020-1033"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141905734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compulsory Community Treatment Orders and health outcomes for Ma-ori in New Zealand.","authors":"Ben Beaglehole, Chris Frampton, Giles Newton-Howes, Arahia Kirikiri, Cameron Lacey","doi":"10.1177/00048674241280918","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00048674241280918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We have previously analysed outcomes for all community treatment orders commenced during a 10-year period in New Zealand. Given Te Tiriti O Waitangi obligations to scrutinise health and consider equity for Māori, we completed this analysis to consider community treatment-order outcomes according to ethnicity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ministry of Health databases provided demographic, service use and medication dispensing data for community treatment-order recipients between 2009 and 2018. As non-Māori on community treatment orders are older, less deprived and less likely to be diagnosed with a Psychotic Disorder, data were categorised according to age (<35/⩾35 years), level of deprivation (New Zealand Dep levels ⩽3, 4-6 and ⩾7) and diagnosis (Psychotic Disorder/non-Psychotic Disorder). The incidences of key outcome measures (admissions, community care, medication dispensing) were calculated for periods on/off community treatment orders for Māori and non-Māori to consider the differential impact of community treatment orders according to ethnicity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Māori have high rates of community treatment order utilisation and are younger, more likely to be diagnosed with a Psychotic Disorder and spend longer receiving compulsory treatment than non-Māori. Non-Māori are more likely to receive more additional depot antipsychotic medication on-community treatment orders compared with periods off-community treatment order than Māori but other clear patterns of response distinguishing between Māori and non-Māori were not present.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The differences between Māori and non-Māori for community treatment-order utilisation suggest the presence of structural inequity in underlying mental illness distribution and treatment provision. Māori cultural expertise at all levels of healthcare including healthcare planning and delivery is required to make advances and reduce disparity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8589,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1047-1054"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11585180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142340181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A non-randomised controlled trial of a community-based accommodation and psychosocial support programme for adults experiencing mental illness and homelessness.","authors":"Melissa Savaglio, Ash Vincent, Nicholas Merklin, Helen Skouteris","doi":"10.1177/00048674241270996","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00048674241270996","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The transition out of inpatient mental health is a crucial time for adults experiencing concurrent mental illness and homelessness, yet evidence regarding effective support options is mixed. Choices is an intensive 3-month psychosocial outreach and crisis accommodation support programme for adults experiencing mental illness and homelessness, delivered by Baptcare in Tasmania, Australia. This study examined the effect of Choices on adults' psychosocial functioning, clinical symptomology and psychiatric readmissions in comparison to standard care only.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were adults aged 18-64 years experiencing mental illness and homelessness, recruited upon discharge from a psychiatric admission. Intervention participants (<i>n</i> = 124) received the Choices programme. Control participants (<i>n</i> = 122) received standard care, clinical assessment and treatment from hospital-based Mental Health Services. Outcomes were psychosocial functioning (primary), clinical symptomology, hospital readmission rate and readmission length of stay. Outcomes were assessed at programme commencement and closure (3 months) and 3 months post-closure (intervention group only). Analysis of covariance was used to analyse differences between groups at closure, while controlling for baseline differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intervention participants had significantly improved social functioning (encompassing living conditions, social relationships, self-esteem/confidence), overall psychosocial functioning, symptoms of depression and anxiety and shorter hospital readmission length of stay in comparison to the control group. Intervention participants experienced further improvements in social and overall psychosocial functioning 3 months post-closure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Choices programme is effective in enhancing the psychosocial functioning of adults experiencing concurrent mental illness and homelessness. These findings support the ongoing delivery of this combined accommodation and wrap-around psychosocial model of intensive support.</p>","PeriodicalId":8589,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1070-1079"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11585176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141995200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of treatment-resistant schizophrenia among people with early psychosis and its clinical and demographic correlates.","authors":"Mirza Detanac, Chelsey Williams, Milan Dragovic, Gordon Shymko, Alexander Panickacheril John","doi":"10.1177/00048674241274314","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00048674241274314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The prevalence of treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) among people with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) has been sub-optimally researched in Australia and internationally. We evaluated the prevalence of TRS among a cohort of FES patients and compared their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics to those with FES who were treatment responsive.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Over 2 years, we collated demographic, clinical and treatment-related data of all patients with ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth revision) diagnosis of schizophrenia who were active in October 2020 at four early psychosis intervention services (EPIS) in Western Australia. We used a modified version of Suzuki et al. criteria to diagnose TRS. The data were analysed utilising descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U test, Student's <i>t</i>-test and the False-Discovery Rate method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of TRS among the 167 patients diagnosed with FES was 41.3%, and the rates did not differ significantly between the services (<i>p</i> = 0.955). Those in the TRS group were less independent (<i>p</i> = 0.011), had more prolonged unemployment (<i>p</i> = 0.014) and were more likely to be on disability pension (<i>p</i> = 0.011) compared to the treatment responsive group. Furthermore, they had greater severity of symptoms (<i>p</i> = 0.002), longer duration of psychiatric symptoms (<i>p</i> = 0.019), more hospitalisations (<i>p</i> = 0.002) and longer cumulative admission durations (<i>p</i> = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study revealed that treatment resistance to antipsychotics is prevalent among people with FES managed at EPIS. Notably, it establishes an association between TRS and heightened clinical severity and psychosocial and treatment burden. These findings highlight the imperative for early detection of treatment resistance and timely and specialised interventions for this condition in mental health services.</p>","PeriodicalId":8589,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1080-1089"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11585183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of mental illness among Australian and New Zealand people in prison: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published over five decades.","authors":"Natalia Yee, Christie Browne, Farzana Rahman, Kimberlie Dean","doi":"10.1177/00048674241271916","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00048674241271916","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The higher rate of mental illness, including severe psychotic disorders, among people in prisons compared to the general community is well-established. However, there have been no reviews or attempts to pool data on the reported prevalence of mental illness across prisons in Australia and New Zealand.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of electronic databases from 1966 to the end of 2020 was conducted to identify studies reporting rates of 'any' mental illness, and separately rates of psychotic illness, among adult men and women in Australian and New Zealand prisons. A meta-analysis was performed according to PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021241946), with separate analyses conducted for lifetime and current prevalence rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen studies, with a total of 10,209 people in prison, met inclusion criteria. The pooled lifetime prevalence of 'any' mental illness was 69.0% (95% confidence interval = [0.56, 0.79]), and the pooled lifetime prevalence for psychosis was 9.1% (95% confidence interval = [0.07, 0.12]). Meanwhile, the pooled prevalence for 'any' current mental illness was 54.0% (95% confidence interval = [0.39, 0.68]) and for any current psychosis was 6.4% (95% confidence interval = [0.04, 0.10]). There was substantial heterogeneity between studies, with evidence that lifetime rates of psychosis have increased over time, with true prevalence estimates in 95% of all comparable populations falling between 2.7% and 26.4%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of mental illness, including severe psychotic illness, is high in Australian and New Zealand prisons. Furthermore, there is evidence that the prevalence of psychosis may be increasing over time, indicating more effort is needed to ensure diversion of people with mental illness away from the criminal justice system and into healthcare pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":8589,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1034-1046"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142118887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online Mental Health Assessment in a psychiatry emergency department in adults using touchscreen mobile devices: A randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Irosh Fernando, Madeleine Hinwood, Mariko Carey, Rahul Gupta, Agatha Conrad, Todd Heard, Lisa Lampe","doi":"10.1177/00048674241286825","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00048674241286825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether completion of an online mental health self-assessment by patients who are waiting in the emergency department can save clinician time taken to complete clinical assessment and documentation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients presenting to a psychiatric emergency department for a period of 6 months were allocated by week of presentation to either the intervention arm (online mental health self-assessment, followed by a clinical interview) or the control arm (usual assessment) arm on a random basis. Time at the beginning and end of the interview was recorded and used to derive interview time. Similarly, time at the beginning and end of the clinical documentation was recorded and used to derive the time to complete clinical documentation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 168 patients who presented during the study period, 69 (38.55%) agreed to participate, 33 completed the usual assessment and 30 completed the online mental health self-assessment followed by a clinical interview. Patients receiving usual care had a statistically significant, <i>t</i>(61) = 2.15, <i>p</i> = 0.035, longer interview duration (M = 48.7 minutes, SD = 19.8) compared with those in the online mental health self-assessment arm (M = 38.9 minutes, SD = 15.9). There was no statistically significant difference between groups for documentation time, <i>t</i>(61) = -0.64, <i>p</i> = 0.52.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Online mental health self-assessment was associated with a statistically significant reduction in interview time by approximately 10 minutes without increasing documentation time. While online mental health self-assessment is not appropriate for all patients in the emergency department setting, it is likely to yield greater benefits in less acute settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":8589,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1062-1069"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extending the reach of involuntary treatment to substance use disorders: Is it 'compassionate' or coercive care?","authors":"Steve Kisely, Claudia Bull, Neeraj Gill","doi":"10.1177/00048674241299215","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00048674241299215","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8589,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1017-1019"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The perspectives of Māori on community treatment orders: A thematic analysis.","authors":"Arahia Kirikiri, Greg Young, Ben Beaglehole, Giles Newton-Howes","doi":"10.1177/00048674241285172","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00048674241285172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To understand the themes for Māori subjected to compulsory community treatment orders.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>The Mental Health (Compulsory Assessment and Treatment) Act 1992 has been utilised in Aotearoa New Zealand for more than three decades. Despite Māori having higher rates of being subject to community treatment orders, there is little research examining their perspectives of its benefits and harms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thematic analysis of a purposive sample of Māori in Hawke's Bay, New Zealand.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five themes were developed. Māori described community treatment orders as <i>restrictive</i> and <i>stigmatising</i>. Some Māori described being poorly informed of the structures surrounding the use of community treatment orders and saw it as a mechanism to <i>circumvent information-giving</i> regarding treatment. Counterbalancing these, Māori described community treatment orders as <i>mandating support</i> and saw them as a mechanism to access care. Finally, some described their compulsory treatment status as <i>unimportant and irrelevant</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Thematic analysis identified five clear themes from interview participants. Conceptualisation of community treatment orders was largely negative, although Māori acknowledged that being subject to community treatment orders demanded more support from services. Themes of stigma and restriction are common in the literature, however, conception of the use of community treatment orders to bypass consent is novel. The literature describes community treatment orders as providing support, however, in this study, the interpretation suggests a need to lose personal autonomy to receive care, a potentially 'slippery slope' towards a two-tier type service. These findings remind services of the importance of attending to cultural elements of care, being clear around the process of consent. In terms of policy, weaving in cultural understanding appears to be important from an Indigenous perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":8589,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1055-1061"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142340182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D status in pregnancy and cord blood is associated with symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder at age 5 years: Results from Odense Child Cohort.","authors":"Camilla Munk Thinggaard, Christine Dalgård, Sören Möller, Henrik Boye Thybo Christesen, Niels Bilenberg","doi":"10.1177/00048674241272018","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00048674241272018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitamin D status in pregnancy may affect offspring neurodevelopment.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective was to investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in cord blood and pregnancy and symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in 5-year-old offspring.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In Odense Child Cohort, Denmark, 944 mother-child pairs had data on pregnancy or cord serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parent-rated attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptom score by Child Behavior Checklist for ages 1.5-5 years. Adjusted multiple linear regression and two-stage exposure analyses were performed for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D associations to the attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptom score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean (standard deviation) serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in cord blood was 48.0 (21.8) nmol/L; early pregnancy was 65.5 (20.2) nmol/L and late pregnancy was 79.3 (25.7) nmol/L. The median (interquartile range) age of child at examination was 5.2 (5.1-5.4) years and median (interquartile range) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptom score was 2 (0-3) points. In adjusted analyses, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D of <25 nmol/L and <32 nmol/L in cord blood and <25 nmol/L in early pregnancy was associated with 0.9 [95% confidence interval: 0.4, 1.3], 0.5 [0.1, 0.9] and 2.1 [0.8, 3.4] points higher attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptom score vs reference. In the two-stage exposure analysis, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptom score decreased by 0.4 points per 25 nmol/L increase in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Moreover, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D of <25 nmol/L in early pregnancy and cord was associated with a five-fold and a two-fold risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptom score ⩾90th percentile, adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 4.9 [1.3, 19.0] and 2.2 [1.2, 3.9].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this cohort, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D <25 nmol/L in cord blood and early pregnancy were risk factors for higher attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptom score in 5-year-old children, suggesting a protective effect of vitamin D on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder traits at preschool age.</p>","PeriodicalId":8589,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1090-1102"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141995203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}