{"title":"Reforming Europe: sociological angle","authors":"L. Vdovichenko","doi":"10.7868/S0132162518020022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7868/S0132162518020022","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to sociological studies of the challenges to European community and the position of sociologists in this situation. Sociologists did not stay aside from these provocative questions about the present and future of Europe and began to conduct their studies of this critical situation. The paper concentrates on sociological analyses by the conference participants of prospects for a united Europe, dangers for convergence of European nations, nationalism and coosmopoliticism, links between above issues and contemporary capitalism, attitude to EU of its countries’ population, recent crisis in Greece, situation in the countries of Southern Europe etc. The article uses the materials of the XIII conference of the European Sociological Association, held in Athens in 2017 (Universities Pantheon and Harocopio) in Greece.","PeriodicalId":85741,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of sociological studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"9-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79167514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Statistical inspections in the Red Army in the 1920s","authors":"I. Obraztsov","doi":"10.7868/S013216251802006X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7868/S013216251802006X","url":null,"abstract":"The article anticipates publication of the archival materials from the collections of the Russian State Military Archive on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the Worker-and-Peasant Red Army. It presents an analysis of the social problems in the military during the 1924–1925 military reform on the basis of statistical surveys. The article considers how the first statistical units in the structure of the military organization were formed and how they contributed to the development of military sociological research in the USSR in the 1920s. The main focus is on the activities of the Information and Statistics Division of the Worker-and-Peasant Red Army Political Department: the methods of collecting social information used at that time; composition and biographical data of employees; problems and results of the research. The article examines research projects related to the study of political and moral state of the Red Army soldiers, the Red Army officers and political staff material status, the military men work hours, as well as the analysis of the Red Army soldiers’ letters as an indicator of mass sentiments, social problems update for the army and society, and the nature of civil and military relations.","PeriodicalId":85741,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of sociological studies","volume":"77 1","pages":"45-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90485232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of the state, the main deter minants and drug use prevention in the Krasnoyarsk territory","authors":"V. Shinkevich, T. V. Korobitsina","doi":"10.7868/S0132162518020162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7868/S0132162518020162","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of studies in drug situation monitoring is mainly motivated by the necessity of improving management in the field of antidrug safety precautions of the Russian Federation as an essential part of its national security. Drug abuse and illegal drug trafficking adversely affect people’s health, break their lives, ruin families, damage person’s development, generate crime and corruption, harm our society. The article presents an analysis of drug situation in the Krasnoyarsk Territory based on the results of sociological studies conducted in 2012–2016 as an annual monitoring. The results of the authors’ analytical work with empiric evidence of monitoring of the state of narcotization of the population as well as scientifically grounded theoretical reasoning and recommendations on the problem under study are proposed.","PeriodicalId":85741,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of sociological studies","volume":"97 1","pages":"152-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82438159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The social properties of institutions","authors":"Barbashin M.Yu.","doi":"10.7868/S0132162518020046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7868/S0132162518020046","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses definitions of institutions and their terminological ambivalence. Such an ambivalence is the result of a lack of interest for the structural characteristics of institutions. This does not allow researchers to use the methodological potential of institutional approach adequately. To determine the behavioral features that characterize institutions as social artifacts, the article discusses their main social properties: regularity, alternatives, anonymity, importance, observability, reflexivity, effectiveness, arbitrage relations, internalization, cost-dependence, and action-dependence. The author emphasizes that institutional theories should analyze not only the processes of development or formation of institutions, but also their structural features. The article concludes that the study of social characteristics of the institutions is necessary to improve the quality of economic policy: only by understanding the limitations under which institutions are implemented in social space, one can offer policy measures that are able to transform people’s behavior.","PeriodicalId":85741,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of sociological studies","volume":"54 1","pages":"25-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75452801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metatheorizing in sociology: review of discourse and a forecast","authors":"N. Romanovskiy","doi":"10.7868/S0132162518020137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7868/S0132162518020137","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses origins and presentday state of metatheorzing (MT). Mainstream sociology is shown to be the place of origin of respective debates with G. Ritzer initiating respective current discourse. Though earlier views feature instructive views of their own, Ritzer’s ideas of early 1990th remain today departing point for discutants; they are summarized in the opening paragraphs of the paper with ensuing author’s additions to reflect shifts in sociological MT of more than two recent decades. Russian сontemporary debate on the topic is also highligthed. The overall discourse of MT is seen as strides towards a new paradigm (in T. Kuhn terms of scientific revolution) in social science. Arguably, this fact is reflected in certain features of today’s sociology such as historical and cultural turns, big data revolution, postcolonial views advances, etc. Most probably, the decisive shift in MT shall be basically infuenced by newly born allencompassing global social realities. Some interpretations of the latters, as reflected in contemporary sociological discourse, are mеntioned in this context stressing the role of new humanism, of a turn in social sciences to human beings as segments of global community and as becoming subjects of history.","PeriodicalId":85741,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of sociological studies","volume":"3 1","pages":"127-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74513287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Collective farming in the works of Chayanov’s school: 1913–1933","authors":"A. Nikulin, I. Trotsuk","doi":"10.7868/S0132162518020101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7868/S0132162518020101","url":null,"abstract":"The Chayanov’s school intellectual legacy is usually considered as consisting of the studies of peasant economy and its cooperative development, and as a “neo-populist ideology” and an opposition to the Marxist model of the large-scale collective farming. Such an interpretation overlooks the school’s contribution to the study of large-scale agrarian production under establishing the soviet system of collective farms. The authors present another interpretation of the intellectual legacy of Chayanov’s school by analyzing their research of collective farming from 1913 to 1933 and emphasize that one can discover original and valuable theoretical and empirical studies of collective and large-scale agricultural production in the works of the organizational-production school: in the theory of social profitability of agricultural artel (A.N. Minin), in the organizational model of collective farm (A.V. Chayanov), in the estimates of collectivization (B.D. Brutskus). The authors believe that the Chayanov’s school made a profound contribution to the study of both peasant and collective farming, which determines the necessity of reevaluating its intellectual legacy to understand better the phenomenon of collective farming in Russia in the XX century.","PeriodicalId":85741,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of sociological studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"92-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89963170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beekeepers: a group of non-typical rural mo bility","authors":"P. Velikiy, Morekhanova M.Y","doi":"10.7868/S0132162518020095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7868/S0132162518020095","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is based on the results of sociological survey in 2015–2016 in three regions of the Russian Federation (the Saratov oblast, the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Republic of Tatarstan) and addresses the activity of beekeepers in the socio-humanitarian context as a group specializing in the professional approach to insect farming. It reveals the peculiarities of such an activity in the Russian conditions, where beekeepers, using the potential of melliferous resources of huge territories, actively move within regions. This determines many sides of their way of life. It has been found that among beekeepers there exists a great differentiation in terms of the amounts of production, which brings to the forefront the issue of their socio-cultural interpretation. It is emphasized in the paper that the rational use of even a small own production base by the beekeeper sharply changes his mobility in the territorial, informational and communication spaces, social networks, and allows him make independent decisions with regard to production, sale and expansion of the range of contractors in the rural-urban continuum. Comparing the studied group with peasants employed in traditional spheres (field-crop cultivation and animal farming) shows that beekeepers represent a group demonstrating a new, non-typical for other categories of rural people, mobility, and more effectively using their human capital in the market conditions. The preconditions for this phenomenon reflect a vivid correlation of executive and organizational functions, high level of self-organization in achieving the goals, the impact of the education and professional culture on the results, and the significance of socio-role statuses in the local community.","PeriodicalId":85741,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of sociological studies","volume":"41 1 1","pages":"82-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88738135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Features of the life world of rural residents in Russia","authors":"Toshchenko Zh.T.","doi":"10.7868/S0132162518020083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7868/S0132162518020083","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the data of state statistics and sociological information, a picture of the modern Russian rural areas is given, which is represented not only by agricultural production and its accompanying institutions, its servicing, but also by industrial, construction and communication organizations, and also by the gradually increasing number of recreational, excursion, ecological settlements. There is also a trend of new forms of residence: a simultaneous life in the city and in the countryside (summer residents, freelancers, creative professions). In accordance with the concept of the sociology of life, the life world of the rural residents is represented by the consciousness of people, their behavior and their surrounding macro-, meso- and microenvironment. The article examines their main social functions as citizens, as inhabitants, as employees and as participants in interpersonal relations. When analyzing a rural resident as a citizen, his attitude to reforms in Russia, his attitude to economic, political and social problems, as well as his understanding of some international problems, are described. When examining problems as a resident of a rural settlement, main problems, expectations, satisfaction with material well-being are revealed. In this regard, great importance is attached to the comparison of the social situation of rural residents and city dwellers and explaining reasons for the different interpretation and attitude to problems as public (social) life. A significant place is given to the analysis of the daily (labor and personal) life of rural residents, their immediate surroundings. An attempt is made to reveal the features of this life both in comparison with the previous stage of the development of the rural residents, and in comparison with the life of people in the city. In conclusion, the main meanings of the life world are defined, which are characterized by their relationship to the personal future: to remain rural resident or to seek resettlement in the city.","PeriodicalId":85741,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of sociological studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"71-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79104114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Macrohistory: criticism of the sociology in the long run","authors":"D. Trubitsyn","doi":"10.7868/S0132162518020058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7868/S0132162518020058","url":null,"abstract":"Analyzing the work “Macrohistory: Essays in Sociology of the Long Run” by Randall Collins and works of some Russian scholars can reveal a range of difficulties and contradictions in sociological studies of long-run historical processes. The questions concerned are the problems of implementing principles of sociology (rigour of theoretical theses, verifiability, using of empirical material) in studying such processes as modernization and industrialization, democratization, globalization. The author criticizes geopolitical theory of state change formulated by the American sociologist, the “state-centered” theory of revolution. The author highlights following problems: the lack of a direct sociological research to justify the main theses; the unverified and questionable nature of “geopolitical determinism” when applied to the state evolution; the concept of break-ups, revolutions or political rises as results of an accidental, externally determined set of circumstances; ignoring economics and economic relations as the most important factor of these phenomena. A range of facts is pointed out that contradict with the “geopolitical” approach to historical interpretation. In particular, these are stagnation of the Soviet socialist economy, the decay of the army and the destructive processes in the Soviet society that had manifested themselves already before the obvious failures in external policy took place; another fact is that many modern states have had an effective democratic government system, never having claimed to be a superpower. It is stressed that direct sociological studies are necessary when it comes to theory building or suggesting new ideas and conceptions of historical process.","PeriodicalId":85741,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of sociological studies","volume":"38 1","pages":"35-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84535141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Scale «predisposition to religiosity»: empirical validation and developing a more formalized measurement model","authors":"N. Babich, V. Khomenko","doi":"10.7868/S0132162518010105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7868/S0132162518010105","url":null,"abstract":"The article firstly introduces Predisposition to Religiosity scale, an experimental cognitive single-item ordinal scale and describes an empirical test to validate it. To validate the scale we analyzed the correlation between it and a common 10-point self-rating scale of religiosity. Test yields acceptable results and suggests further work on developing scales of religiosity based on the conceptual framework of cognitive theory of religion. Secondly, the article proceeds with description of experimental construction of cognitive Guttman-type scales intended for application in quantitative sociological research. Guttman-type scales are chosen as the more formalized and rigorous model of measurement that also provides solid evidence of unidimensionality of religiosity. Items used in those scales represent different contexts of religious cognition and perception and according to gathered empirical data form hierarchical structures based on degree of publicity/privacy of the particular context. Results of Guttman-type scale development are described as well as procedures. Next steps on validation are suggested.","PeriodicalId":85741,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of sociological studies","volume":"188 1","pages":"94-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79394246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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