Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology最新文献

{"title":"A New Method of Evaluating Gas Fluxes in a Closed Chamber System with Theoretical Consideration for Dynamic Characteristics of a Concentration Sensor","authors":"K. Nomura, Yuki Yamasaki, A. Takada, Y. Sago, D. Yasutake, M. Kitano","doi":"10.2525/ECB.57.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.57.53","url":null,"abstract":"For various physio-ecological investigations of soilplant-atmosphere systems, the accurate determination of the fluxes of gases such as CO2, H2O, and other greenhouse gases is required. The quantification of CO2 fluxes by photosynthesis and respiration of a plant canopy, for example, is crucial not only for understanding crop productivity but also for analyzing a global carbon balance. The quantification of H2O fluxes by evapotranspiration is required to estimate irrigation requirement and water use efficiency in crop fields. The fluxes of CH4 and N2O from agricultural lands have been widely investigated for evaluating their effects on global warming. To measure these gas fluxes, several methods can be used, each with advantages and limitations. Micrometeorological techniques such as the eddy covariance or Bowen ratio methods have a clear advantage in continuous measurements without disturbing the microenvironment of a measuring field (Müller et al., 2009). These methods, however, are not applicable to experiments in small-scale fields where certain assumptions of these methods, such as sufficient fetch length or stable conditions, are not satisfied (Stannard,1997; Baldocchi, 2003). Conversely, chamber methods, where a transparent chamber is placed over vegetation or soil and gas fluxes are estimated from the concentration changes of the gases in the chamber, have remained the sole method in smallscale fields (Steduto et al., 2002). Typically, chamber methods are classified into two categories: (i) closed chamber method and (ii) open chamber method (Livingston and Hutchinson, 1995). The closed chamber method can be advantageous over the open chamber method in terms of system simplicity and has been widely used in numerous studies related to gas flux measurements of different subjects and scales (Wheeler, 1992; Kitano et al., 1997; Scott et al., 1999; Hoffmann et al., 2015; Lesmeister and Koschorreck, 2017). The closed-chamber method estimates gas fluxes by measuring the rate of change in gas concentrations in the chamber air in a short time during chamber closure. The rates of change in gas concentrations are frequently assumed to be constant, and the linear regression function (LR) has been fit to the measured changes of gas concentrations to estimate gas fluxes (Reicosky et al., 1990; Nykanen et al., 2003; Juszczak et al., 2012). However, the nonlinear nature of changes in gas concentration due to diminishing concentration differences of gases between the measured subject and chamber air during chamber closure has been recognized, and there are several studies arguing that the use of LR can lead to underestimation of gas","PeriodicalId":85505,"journal":{"name":"Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2525/ECB.57.53","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43103180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature Effects on the Yield and Quality of the Medicinal Plant Pinellia ternata Breit","authors":"T. Eguchi, Hiroyuki Tanaka, S. Yoshida, K. Matsuoka","doi":"10.2525/ECB.57.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.57.83","url":null,"abstract":"Crude drugs have been effectively included as part of Japanese medicine since ancient times. However, modern Kampo medicine in Japan mostly depends upon the import of drugs from China. In recent years, Japanese Kampo manufacturers have suffered from the rapid increase in export prices of Chinese drugs (Yamaoka et al., 2017). Many of the medicinal resources in herb medicine remain largely untapped. The domestication of medicinal wild plants and preservation of their ecological systems are required to achieve a stable supply of herb medicines in Japan. The medicinal plant Pinellia ternata Breit., which is a non-domesticated plant, is widely distributed in Japan (from Hokkaido to the Ryukyu islands). However, the drug made from P. ternata is not currently produced in Japan. The P. ternata drug is made from the corm and has an antiemetic effect: the major effective ingredient is a watersoluble polysaccharide mainly consisting of arabinose (Maki et al., 1987). Therefore, we aimed to domesticate P. ternata and select favorable lines as medicinal material. Here, we investigated the air temperature effects on the plant growth and the effective ingredient content.","PeriodicalId":85505,"journal":{"name":"Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2525/ECB.57.83","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46809099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the Application of Excessive Amounts of Sodium or Potassium on the Growth and Quality of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)","authors":"Takuma Fujii, K. Nada, S. Hiratsuka","doi":"10.2525/ECB.57.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.57.23","url":null,"abstract":"were treated with high (100 mM), moderate (20 mM), or standard (6 mM) concentrations of NaCl or KCl. The treated plants were analyzed regarding their fresh weight, photosynthetic parameters, and abundance of selected phytochemicals with potential benefits for human health. Growth and photosynthesis were inhibited by the high cation concentration, while the effects of the moderate cation concentration were similar to those induced by the standard concentration. Additionally, the glucosinolate content increased following the application of 20 mM NaCl or KCl. Meanwhile, the chlorophyll and b -carotene contents increased significantly in response to 20 mM KCl, but not 20 mM NaCl. In summary, rapeseed quality improved, while growth was maintained, following the application of 20 mM NaCl or KCl, but KCl had a greater effect than NaCl.","PeriodicalId":85505,"journal":{"name":"Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2525/ECB.57.23","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46388125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating Soil Water Contents from Field Water Tables for Potential Rice Irrigation Criteria under Contour-Levee Irrigation Systems","authors":"Naoya Takeda, Lorena López-Galvis, Dario Pineda, A. Castilla, Taro Takahashi, S. Fukuda, K. Okada","doi":"10.2525/ECB.57.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.57.15","url":null,"abstract":"Contour-levee irrigation systems are commonly used in rice cultivation in Latin American and the Caribbean countries, but research-based criteria for irrigation timing have not yet been determined under field conditions. In this study, we determined the relationship between soil volumetric water content (SWC) and field water table (FWT) for potential use in developing practical irrigation criteria based on FWT. Field experiments were conducted at four farms in Ibagué, Colombia from 2017 to 2018. The SWC at different soil depths and the FWT were constantly measured over the crop cycle using soil moisture sensors and piezometers with water level sensors, respectively. The resulting relationships were fitted with linear-plateau models and validated with satisfactory prediction performances. The FWT at actual irrigation timings was observed and compared with the FWT at field capacity at 10 cm soil depth (reference FWT) using the validated relationship. The observed range of threshold FTWs ( (cid:1) 46.2 to (cid:1) 9.2 cm) was comparable to the reference FWTs except one field ( (cid:1) 21.4 to (cid:1) 12.9 cm). Although developing practical irrigation criteria as FWT still requires thresholds of SWC under a target contour-levee irrigation system, this study demonstrated the relationships between FWT and SWC in fields in Colombia.","PeriodicalId":85505,"journal":{"name":"Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44361987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Manipulation of Air Temperature and Light Quality and Intensity can Maximize Growth and Folate Biosynthesis in Leaf Lettuce","authors":"Seiichi Okazaki, Tamaki Yamashita","doi":"10.2525/ECB.57.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.57.39","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated effects of different air temperature and light quality/intensity on growth and folate biosynthesis in leaf lettuce using a plant growth cabinet with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) combining red, green and blue (RGB) lights. Leaf lettuce was cultivated under combination conditions with 3 different air temperatures (20 ℃ , 25 ℃ and 28 ℃ ) and 4 different light irradiations (photosynthetic photon flux density [PPFD] of 150 m mol m (cid:1) 2 s (cid:1) 1 [P150]/RB, P150/RGB, P200/RB and P200/RGB) for 21 days. At the end of the cultivation, growth endpoints including edible portion weight, and folate contents were examined. The results demonstrated significant effects of air temperature and light quality and intensity on lettuce growth and folate biosynthesis. Under the optimal combination condition that we identified, 25 ℃ and P200/RGB, the edible portion weight and folate contents in leaf lettuce were 15 ― 62 ％ and 83 ― 137 ％ greater, respectively, compared to any light conditions at 20 ℃ , an optimal temperature for conventionally growing leaf lettuce. Addition of green LED to red and blue LEDs maximized leaf lettuce growth and folate biosynthesis. Plant factory with optimal air temperature and light conditions utilizing RGB LED lights is a promising novel agriculture concept maximizing plant growth and critical nutrients such as folate.","PeriodicalId":85505,"journal":{"name":"Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2525/ECB.57.39","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45190176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid Vigor Induced by Cross-breeding Enhances Canopy Photosynthesis and Fruit Yield of Japanese Sweet Pepper","authors":"Satowa Nabeshima, D. Yasutake, M. Kitano","doi":"10.2525/ECB.57.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.57.29","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of hybrid vigor on the fruit yield in Japanese sweet pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) was investigated by comparing dry matter production, canopy light-intercepting characteristics and canopy photosynthesis of F 1 cultivars to those of their parent lines. The greater yields in the F 1 cultivars were caused by both higher dry matter partitioning rate into fruits and total dry matter production. There was no difference in the leaf photosynthetic capacity between the F 1 cultivars and their parent lines. The canopy photosynthetic rate, total dry matter production, and yield showed significantly positive correlations with the photosynthetic photon flux absorbed within the plant canopy. The hybrid vigor caused higher plant statures with richer foliage, which led to more effective vertical profiles of leaf area, light absorption, and photosynthesis within the respective canopies. These factors caused a sufficiently higher canopy photosynthesis to produce greater dry matter production and maintain a higher dry matter partitioning rate into fruits, which resulted in higher yields. These results suggest that the vertical profiles of light-intercepting characteristics and photosynthesis within the canopies, which are evaluated by agro-meteorological methodology, are effective selection indices for breeding plants with higher yields.","PeriodicalId":85505,"journal":{"name":"Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2525/ECB.57.29","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48371497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Heavy Metals on the Growth of the Edible Cactus Nopalea cochenillifera Grown Under Hydroponic Conditions","authors":"T. Horibe, H. Sumi, Shousei Imai, T. Matsuoka","doi":"10.2525/ECB.57.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.57.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85505,"journal":{"name":"Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2525/ECB.57.9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44674536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Trunk Size on the Relationship between Drought Stress and First-Flush Flower Number in Meiwa Kumquat","authors":"N. Iwasaki, S. Hiratsuka","doi":"10.2525/ECB.57.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.57.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85505,"journal":{"name":"Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47129292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-Time Monitoring of Electroconductivity in Plants with Microscale Needle Probes","authors":"Eunyong Jeon, Sangwoong Baek, Seungyul Choi, K. Park, Junghoon Lee","doi":"10.2525/ECB.56.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.56.131","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85505,"journal":{"name":"Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2525/ECB.56.131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41982818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Protection to Salt Stress and Fusarium Wilt with the Alleviation of Oxidative Stress in Mycorrhizal Strawberry Plants","authors":"S. I. Haque, Y. Matsubara","doi":"10.2525/ECB.56.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.56.187","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85505,"journal":{"name":"Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2525/ECB.56.187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46001235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}