Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Defoliation on the Occurrence of Internal Browning in Tomatoes Grown in Soilless Cultures","authors":"Y. Miyama, Kiyomi Kamiyama, Wataru Tsujimoto, Shu Taira, S. Terabayashi","doi":"10.2525/ecb.60.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ecb.60.103","url":null,"abstract":"Internal browning is a physiological disorder that occurs in hydroponically grown tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and is characterized by the browning of the inside of the fruit, while its outer surface appears normal (Fig. 1). Internal browning often occurs in the lower trusses of tomatoes cultivated via hydroponics that are planted in August; it presents a recurring problem to Japanese producers (Iwamoto et al., 1993; Terabayashi et al., 2010). Subsequently, internal browning is often not detected before shipping, and the affected fruits reach consumers via the distribution network. The cause of internal browning has not been determined. However, analysis of the inorganic components in affected fruits suggests calcium (Ca) deficiency as a factor because affected fruits contain lower Ca levels than those of normal fruits (Ishizuka et al., 2000; Suzuki et al., 2019). Additionally, it was found that internal browning occurs when the nutrient solution used contains a low concentration of Ca (Terabayashi et al., 2010). A related disorder of tomatoes is blossom-end rot, which may also be associated with Ca deficiency (Raleigh, 1939; Lyon et al., 1942). In this disorder, Ca concentrations at the site of the blossomend rot in tomato plants are low (Ward, 1973; Terabayashi et al., 1988). Defoliation is a method used to suppress blossom-end rot. It confirmed that when the leaf area is halved, the occurrence of blossom-end rot of ‘NDM0112’ (Nippon Del Monte Co., Ltd., Gunma, Japan) and ‘Summer Kiss’ (Nippon Del Monte Co., Ltd., Gunma, Japan) was reduced from 30% to 16% and from 18% to 6%, respectively (Sato et al., 2004). Since internal browning and blossom-end rot may develop due to similar factors, we hypothesize that defoliation may also suppress internal browning. To investigate the effects of defoliation on internal browning, we first investigated the effects of defoliation on internal browning of tomatoes planted in a rockwool cultivation system set-up in an actual glass greenhouse, and in a hydroponic device in a controlled environment chamber. In this experiment, we used a nutrient solution with a lower Ca concentration and higher NH4 concentration than that in the normal culture solution. This is because this type of nutrient solution has been associated with the occurrence of blossom-end rot (Ikeda and Osawa, 1988; Terabayashi et al., 1988). Second, we compared the effects of defoliation and lack of defoliation on the Ca concentration in tomato fruits.","PeriodicalId":85505,"journal":{"name":"Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46538730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Double-shoots Training Cultivation on Plant Growth and Fruit Productivity in Processing Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)","authors":"K. Ohta, Goro Takamori, Masayuki Kadowaki","doi":"10.2525/ecb.60.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ecb.60.129","url":null,"abstract":"Recently tomatoes are one of the popular and important vegetables for human food and/or health in lots of countries (Bhowmik et al., 2012; Canene-Adams et al., 2005; Doralis et al., 2008). Among them, processing tomatoes are cultivated for using processed products such as juice, ketchup sauce, paste, and puree etc. Growers are producted them generally under contract with a processing company (Takemoto, 1992), and have the characteristics of determinate-type plant, having a low plant height, and evenly fruited and mature, and having a hard skin (Ito, 1976). Most of them are generally cultivated without support in the open field (Yanokuchi, 1997). This cultivation method has the advantage of requiring less labor and materials (Ito, 1992; Sato et al., 2004). In the future, it is necessary to increase fruit productivity; saving more labor and cost by mechanized cultivation (Mitchell et al., 2012), expanding the scale of management, high labor productivity, and align the flowering period that is convenient for almost one-time harvesting (Ohta and Ikeda, 2017). When the ripening period would be longer, labor productivity is higher, and the efficient management for growers due to work such as the weeding, side dressing, chemical spraying for diseases and pesticides is difficult (Ito, 1976). In general processing tomatoes are grown in the open field, however, there are some problems that the fruits are apt to contact with the surface of the soil and mulch and the incidence of disorders such as rotten and cracked fruits, and disease such as plague and leaf mold are likely to increase due to rainfall during harvest periods. Oda et al. (2008) reported the differences between stem direction and lateral shoot growth in tomato plants. In previous reports (Ahmad and Singh, 2005; Muhammad and Singh, 2007), the vegetative growth, fruit yield, and marketable fruit rate could be increased by staking some tomato cultivars. Also, Ohta and Makino (2019) were reported the influence of stem directions on the fruit yield, plant growth and physiological characteristics in processing tomato cultivation. As a results, in the vertical training plot compared with the horizontal training plot, the stem length and the length of the lateral shoots of the upper nodes were longer, the leaf area was larger, and the dry weight of the entire above-ground part including the leaves, stems in the upper lateral shoots, and roots was also increased. Therefore, it was considered that the promotion of vegatative growth in plant by vertical attraction had an effect on the increase of the initial yield, and the results of this experiment suggested the effectiveness of vertical attraction compared to the conventional cultivation method in processing tomatoes. Furtherfore, it was shown that the number of lateral shoots was not influenced the harvested fruit number and fruit yield in the previous report (Ohta","PeriodicalId":85505,"journal":{"name":"Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42331205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Agrivoltaics (Photovoltaic Power Generation Facilities on Farmland) on Growing Condition and Yield of Komatsuna, Mizuna, Kabu, and Spinach","authors":"M. Kirimura, S. Takeshita, M. Matsuo, K. Zushi, Y. Gejima, C. Honsho, A. Nagaoka, K. Nishioka","doi":"10.2525/ecb.60.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ecb.60.117","url":null,"abstract":"Due to a growing human population and the concomitant increased demand for resources, the simultaneous production of sufficient food and energy without overly damaging the environment remains a serious issue that continues to limit sustainability (Tilman et al., 2009; Beddington, 2010; Harvey and Pilgrim, 2011; Steinbuks and Hertel, 2016). The need for new sources of renewable energy and the rising price of fossil fuels have created the anticipation of agricultural crops as a source of renewable energy in the future. With the rapid worldwide increase in photovoltaics to provide renewable energy, large areas of flat agricultural land are being converted to photovoltaic systems. Installation on flat land is optimal for harvesting solar radiation and has lower construction and maintenance costs than that in non-flat areas (Prados, 2010). Consequently, less land is now available for agriculture, raising the concern of decline in food production and rise in food prices in the future. In order to develop a sustainable system, it is therefore important to balance the production of renewable energy and food in utilizing the land (Nonhebel, 2005; Sacchelli et al., 2016). Agrivoltaics—the installation of photovoltaic equipment onto farmland—are a novel approach for using a limited amount of land effectively. An agrivoltaic system integrating renewable energy sources into food production could provide extra income for growers (Dupraz et al., 2011). The shade created by photovoltaic panels above farmland, however, limits photon flux density at the ground level where the plants are grown, thereby reducing crop productivity. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries of Japan therefore does not allow farmers to install agrivoltaic systems in agricultural fields unless productivity can be maintained above 80% of the yield generated without the system. The introduction of renewable energy sources into agricultural fields has consequently been limited. It is therefore necessary to examine crops that do not suffer much decrease in growth and yield due to shading. Here, we examine strategies for converting solar radiation into both electric energy and food using agrivoltaics. Although some previous studies examined the effects of solar panels installed on the roofs of greenhouses (Tani et al., 2014), studies conducted in open agricultural fields are limited (Marrou et al., 2013a; 2013b). Particularly, the only crop used for those studies was lettuce. We therefore investigated the effect of shade generated by agrivoltaic systems on the yields of four vegetables (komatsuna, mizuna, kabu, and spinach) in an open field that, in winter, is otherwise not suitable for vegetable cultivation due to low temperatures and low levels of solar radiation, as well as examine the shading rate and identify the cropping systems suitable for agrivoltaics.","PeriodicalId":85505,"journal":{"name":"Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47122442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Characteristics of Fruit Growth Rate in Different Tomato Cultivars with Single-truss Using the High-density Planting System","authors":"K. Maeda, M. Johkan, S. Tsukagoshi, T. Maruo","doi":"10.2525/ecb.60.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ecb.60.61","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85505,"journal":{"name":"Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49427711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special Issue on “Sensing Technologies of Plant Eco-physiological Information Contributing to Data-driven Smart Agriculture”","authors":"D. Yasutake, N. Fujiuchi, K. Takayama","doi":"10.2525/ecb.60.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ecb.60.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85505,"journal":{"name":"Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44684910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closed Chamber System for Easily Measuring the Respiration Rate of Intact Fruits","authors":"Shintaro Ono, D. Yasutake, G. Yokoyama, Yoshiya Teruya, K. Hidaka, T. Okayasu, K. Nomura, M. Kitano","doi":"10.2525/ecb.60.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ecb.60.33","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85505,"journal":{"name":"Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42882370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing the Carbon Partitioning Characteristics and Their Dependence on Leaf Growth Stage in Chinese Chive Using 13C Tracer Method","authors":"D. Yasutake, K. Nomura, Kaito Kobayashi, Kengo I, Koji Matsumoto, T. Iwao, M. Mori, M. Kitano","doi":"10.2525/ecb.60.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ecb.60.39","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85505,"journal":{"name":"Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47095152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Gibberellin and Abscisic Acid on Fruit Quality and Aromatic Compound Formation during Fruit Development in ‘Kyoho’ Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.×Vitis labrusca L.)","authors":"Hui Xue, Y. Sekozawa, S. Sugaya","doi":"10.2525/ecb.60.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ecb.60.67","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85505,"journal":{"name":"Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48797426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Temperature Variations during Light Period on Growth and Tipburn Incidence of Hydroponic Leaf Lettuce Grown under Artificial Lighting","authors":"T. Kumazaki","doi":"10.2525/ecb.60.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ecb.60.53","url":null,"abstract":"Closed facilities, such as plant factories and growth chambers, can precisely control environmental factors influencing plant growth (Kozai et al., 2019; Ahmed et al., 2020). The controllable environmental factors that influence plant growth in these facilities are light, temperature, humidity, air velocity, and CO2 concentration (Yabuki and Miyagawa, 1970; Mortensen, 1986; Kitaya et al., 1998; Shibuya and Kozai, 1998; Goto, 2003; Park et al., 2012; Becker and Kläring, 2016). Temperature is a major environmental factor influencing plant growth and development (Tollenaar et al., 1979; Cao and Moss, 1989; Karlsson and Werner, 2001). Particularly, temperature influences the growth rate of lettuce (Gent, 2016) and the occurrence of tipburned leaves in lettuce (Choi and Lee, 2003). Tipburn in lettuce, which usually occurs at inner and newly developed leaf margins, is a serious problem in vegetable production under controlled environments (Cox et al., 1976), such as closed plant production systems with artificial light (Son and Takakura, 1989). Therefore, optimizing the temperature control is critical for lettuce production in plant factories and in greenhouses. In greenhouses, there is a method that controls temperature by setting different temperatures depending on the time of day. This method of temperature control enhances photosynthesis, promotes the translocation of photosynthates, and reduces consumption due to dark respiration, resulting in increased productivity (Kawashima, 2008). In tomato and cucumber, optimum temperatures for the translocation and inhibition of respiratory consumption at night have been identified, and both growth and yield have been demonstrated to be enhanced by temperature management at night (Suzuki et al., 1983; Toki, 1995). The control of nighttime temperature in cut-roses (Mito et al., 1980) and short-term heating treatment at the end of day in spraytype chrysanthemums have also been reported (Douzono, 2012; Kawanishi et al., 2012). In addition to temperature management at night, Ehara et al. (2017) reported that fruit growth was accelerated by maintaining higher air temperatures in the afternoon than in the morning and quickly dropping them in the early evening in greenhouse cucumber. However, previous studies conducted in plant factories and growth chambers investigated the influence of temperature on the growth of lettuce by controlling air temperature at a constant temperature during the light and dark periods (Choi and Lee, 2003; Gent, 2016; Lee et al., 2019). There have been few reports that examine the influence of timedependent temperature control on the growth of leaf lettuce grown under controlled environment with artificial lighting. This study aims to identify the benefits of a temperature control that varies air temperature, depending on the time of day on the growth of leaf lettuce grown in a controlled environment with artificial lighting. In this study, a 16-h light period was divided into the first a","PeriodicalId":85505,"journal":{"name":"Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42112910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Study on Improving Uniformity of Airflow in Newly Developed Photosynthetic Chamber","authors":"M. Nurmalisa, T. Tokairin, K. Takayama, T. Inoue","doi":"10.2525/ecb.60.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ecb.60.23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85505,"journal":{"name":"Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41346118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}