{"title":"The impact of disease: two worlds meet.","authors":"D. Ubelaker","doi":"10.1037/e362772004-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e362772004-004","url":null,"abstract":"Although the Europeans have introduced diseases which altered the morbidity and mortality profile of the New World civilizations, the population decrease of native communities was also brought about by numerous other social and geographical factors. Scientists who used evidence gathered through the study of human skeletal biology and paleopathology have discovered significant morbidity and mortality in even before the date of the European conquest. Further studies of pre-Columbian remains collected from various parts of the Americas suggest that sickness and premature death were increasing over time. Moreover, the shift from hunting and fishing towards agriculture resulted in more people living together for extended periods of time, creating a situation conducive to disease transmission. Studies of human remains in Ecuador suggest that climate may also had an influence in disease impact. High levels of morbidity and mortality were noted in the samples obtained in the tropical northern coast. Perhaps this was due to a climate more suitable to the spread of pathogens. Therefore, disease mortality, in conjunction with decreased fertility and nutritional problems and worsened by the brutal conditions of manual labor during the European settlement, all contributed to the decline in native population.","PeriodicalId":85261,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in health : the magazine of the Pan American Health Organization","volume":"4 1 1","pages":"14-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57756600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The experience of a lifetime","authors":"J. Conklin","doi":"10.1037/e362762004-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e362762004-004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85261,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in health : the magazine of the Pan American Health Organization","volume":"16 1","pages":"12-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82612336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vaccines: the wave of the future.","authors":"B Brennan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85261,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in health : the magazine of the Pan American Health Organization","volume":"3 2","pages":"17-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22031150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vaccines: the wave of the future.","authors":"B. Brennan","doi":"10.1037/e362802004-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e362802004-003","url":null,"abstract":"While vaccines have been around for hundreds of years, much of their impact has occurred just within the past few decades. Vaccines could revolutionize public health in the next century. Smallpox has already been eradicated, and other diseases such as polio, measles, chicken pox, and mumps are on the way to being eradicated, even in the most poor countries. According to US statistics, every dollar spent on vaccines in the US translates into a savings of about $7 in health care costs and lost work time. For example, the global smallpox eradication program cost US$298 million, but the savings over time are closer to US$1.5 billion. Meanwhile, scientists keep working to develop new vaccines, easier ways to deliver them, and measures to keep the research affordable. Vaccines are the most cost-effective tool known in medicine. An overview is presented of the history of vaccine development and vaccine use against disease.","PeriodicalId":85261,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in health : the magazine of the Pan American Health Organization","volume":"22 1","pages":"17-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57756755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Redefining macho: men as partners in reproductive health.","authors":"E Clift","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85261,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in health : the magazine of the Pan American Health Organization","volume":"2 2","pages":"20-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22021299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The climate of change: omens for the future","authors":"E. Daniel","doi":"10.1037/e363022004-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e363022004-002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85261,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in health : the magazine of the Pan American Health Organization","volume":"226 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75804604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}