Asian Journal of Neurosurgery最新文献

{"title":"Paddle-Lead Spinal-Cord Stimulation Surgeries for Chronic Neuropathic Pain: A Single Surgeon Case-Series Outcome Analysis in Indian Population.","authors":"Satyakam Baruah,&nbsp;Anirban D Banerjee","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1764121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1764121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  Spinal-cord stimulation (SCS) for relief of chronic neuropathic pain is well established. <b>Objective</b>  The inherent limitations with conventional percutaneous lead SCS are lead migration, positional variations in stimulation, as well as possible nonreplication of benefits after permanent SCS implantation, which were experienced during a positive trial period. To circumvent these limitations, we analyzed five consecutive cases of chronic intractable neuropathic pain who underwent direct SCS paddle lead placement during the trial period for pain relief. In addition, during the process of placing a permanent paddle lead, the impediment created by prior epidural scarring in such chronic patients can be obviated mechanically thereby increasing the efficacy of the procedure. <b>Material and Methods</b>  The demographic details, diagnosis, preoperative visual analogue scale score (VAS), and follow-up VAS were recorded. Surgical procedure consisted of a standard dorsal laminotomy followed by placement of permanent paddle leads. <b>Results</b>  All patients reported significant improvement in their VAS scores. Mean duration of follow-up was 23.6 months (9-35 months). Mean preoperative VAS was 9.4 and 1.4 at the last follow-up. No major complications were found. <b>Conclusion</b>  With careful patient selection and appropriate surgical strategy, it was possible to implant permanent paddle leads during SCS trial itself in our five patients thereby replicating and sustaining the trial period pain relief. We argue that this can be a new cost-effective and reliable technique for the placement of SCS leads achieving excellent and sustained pain relief.</p>","PeriodicalId":8521,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Neurosurgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2b/de/10-1055-s-0043-1764121.PMC10089753.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9359990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of ABO Blood Group with Delayed Cerebral Ischemia and Clinical Outcomes Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Pakistan.","authors":"Saleha Azeem,&nbsp;Mohammad Ashraf,&nbsp;Usman Ahmad Kamboh,&nbsp;Muhammad Asif Raza,&nbsp;Minaam Farooq,&nbsp;Huzaifa Ahmad Cheema,&nbsp;Simra Tariq,&nbsp;Nabeel Choudhary,&nbsp;Syed Shahzad Hussain,&nbsp;Naveed Ashraf","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1760859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1760859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  The ABO blood type, due to its various hemostaseologic properties, has been associated with several vascular diseases, including aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). However, the role of ABO blood type in delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) onset and other clinical outcomes after aSAH is largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the association between ABO blood type and outcomes after aSAH, primarily DCI. <b>Methods</b>  A retrospective analysis was made on the data collected from 175 aSAH patients at a tertiary supraregional neurosurgery department over 5 years. Socio-demographic factors, clinical variables (DCI, mFG, WFNS grade, and Glasgow Outcome Scale at discharge), EVD placement, and aneurysm size were analyzed for their association with ABO blood type. <b>Results</b>  DCI was reported in 25% of patients with 'O' blood type and 9.6% with 'non-O' blood type. A stepwise logistic regression model showed that after adjusting for BMI, mFG, WFNS grade, and EVD placement, 'O' type blood group was an independent risk factor for DCI, greatly increasing the risk of DCI as compared to 'non-O' type groups (OR = 3.27, 95% CI: 1.21-8.82). <b>Conclusion</b>  This study provides evidence that individuals with 'O' blood type may have a higher risk of DCI onset after aSAH. However, further studies are essential to address the limitations of our work and confirm our findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":8521,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Neurosurgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f9/28/10-1055-s-0043-1760859.PMC10089742.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9304865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive Tumors and <i>eNOS</i> Gene Polymorphisms with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Correspondence.","authors":"Rujittika Mung Unpuntipantip,&nbsp;Viroj Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1761231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1761231","url":null,"abstract":"Wewould like to share ideas on the publication “Patients with InvasiveTumorsandeNOSGenePolymorphismswithSubarachnoid Hemorrhage Tend to Have Poorer Prognosis.”1 Siroya et al concluded that patients expressing the 4ab polymorphism, eNOS-786T > TT/CC/TC, eNOS894G> TGG/GTperformed better than patients expressing only 4bb although both had a poor prognosis. The influence of polymorphism was investigated in this study. The genetic factors mentioned in this article may or maynot influenceprognosis.Weboth agree that the underlying genetic component of the investigation may be relevant to the prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, psoriasis vulgaris is associated with some genetic variations. Polymorphisms of theMMP-9 and rs17427875 genes in noncoding long RNA-HOXA11-AS are examples.2,3 The main focus of further research should be on the consequences of unexpected and potentially confusing gene changes. Conflict of Interest None declared.","PeriodicalId":8521,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Neurosurgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/de/63/10-1055-s-0043-1761231.PMC10089739.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9359992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endoscopic Trans-Aqueductal Procedures for Juxta 4th Ventricular and Posterior Fossa Arachnoid Cyst using Flexible/Video Neuroendoscope: A Novel Approach.","authors":"Subodh Raju,&nbsp;Ramesh Shighakolli,&nbsp;Lokesh Lingappa","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1760858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1760858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>  Fourth ventricular and juxta fourth ventricular arachnoid cysts (ACs) are rare clinical entities. Conventionally, ACs are managed with either micro-surgical excision or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversionary procedures such as a shunt. Effective treatment modality still remains controversial. Advances in neuroendoscopy have helped in the effective management of this benign condition in a minimally invasive method. Description of a subset of patients with fourth ventricular and juxta fourth ventricular ACs and hydrocephalus who underwent transaqueductal cysto-ventriculostomy with a flexible neuroendoscope was the objective of this study. <b>Methods</b>  This study included the data of patients with fourth ventricular and juxta fourth ventricular ACs and hydrocephalus operated between 2008 and 2019. Of 350 intraventricular neuroendoscopic procedures done during the last 11 years, 8 had obstructive hydrocephalus due to fourth ventricular and juxta ventricular arachnoid cyst. Endoscopic transaqueductal cystoventriculostomy and transaqueductal shunt placement was done in all using a flexible neuro-endoscope. <b>Results</b>  Patients were aged 20 days to 15 months; in the neonate, the diagnosis was established during routine antenatal screening. Surgical procedure was done using a flexible neuro-endoscope. All improved symptomatically, radiologically and are on regular follow-up to date. One patient had postoperative meningitis, which gradually improved with antimicrobial therapy. None required alternative form of treatment such as shunt or craniotomy and microsurgical excision. <b>Conclusion</b>  Endoscopic transaqueductal cysto-ventriculostomy is a safe, effective and minimal invasive modality in the hands of an experienced neurosurgeon for the management of fourth ventricular and juxta ventricular arachnoid cysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":8521,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Neurosurgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d6/b1/10-1055-s-0043-1760858.PMC10089760.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9674888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gingko Leaf Sign: A Classical Imaging Finding in Spinal Meningiomas.","authors":"Prasad Krishnan","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1760853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1760853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The common imaging features surgeons use to distinguish spinal meningiomas from spinal nerve sheath tumors on magnetic resonance (MR) scans include the presence of the \"dural tail sign\" on contrast-enhanced MR images, hypointensity of the lesion on T2 sequences, presence of calcifications, lack of extraspinal dumbbell extension, and the lack of cystic changes in the lesion. We highlight the rarely described finding-the \"Gingko-Leaf\" sign that is caused by the stretched denticulate ligament as it extends laterally, through the tumor, from the compressed spinal cord.</p>","PeriodicalId":8521,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Neurosurgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/dc/a2/10-1055-s-0043-1760853.PMC10089726.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9674889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initial Results of a Direct Aspiration First-Pass Technique to Treat Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients in Nepal.","authors":"Subash Phuyal,&nbsp;Raju Paudel,&nbsp;Ritesh Lamsal,&nbsp;Lekhjung Thapa,&nbsp;Anzil Mani Singh Maharjan,&nbsp;Bikram Prasad Gajurel","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1761233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1761233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>  Endovascular therapy has become the mainstay of treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion. A direct aspiration first-pass technique (ADAPT) using large bore aspiration catheters has been introduced as a rapid, simple method for achieving good revascularization and good clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of ADAPT in the treatment of AIS due to large-vessel occlusion in the Nepali patient population. <b>Materials and Methods</b>  Retrospective data were collected for all consecutive patients treated for AIS with ADAPT from March 2019 through January 2021 at two hospitals. Outcomes were successful revascularization (modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score of 2b-3), time to revascularization, procedural complications, and good clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2) and mortality at 90 days. <b>Statistical Analysis</b>  Retrospective data were collected and descriptive statistics were calculated. <b>Results</b>  Sixty-eight patients treated for AIS with ADAPT were included. The median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at presentation was 13 (IQR 10-13.25). The median time from arterial puncture to revascularization was 40 minutes (IQR 30-45). Successful revascularization was achieved in 54 patients (79.4%). No cases of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred. At 90-day follow-up, good clinical outcome was achieved in 57 patients (83.8%), and 4 patients died (5.9%). <b>Conclusion</b>  A direct aspiration first pass technique appears to be a fast, simple, safe, and effective method for the management of AIS in the Nepali patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":8521,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Neurosurgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/18/35/10-1055-s-0043-1761233.PMC10089751.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9304859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy and Safety of Fluoroscopy-Assisted Transpedicular Screw Insertion in Thoracolumbar Spine Surgery: Evaluation of 122 Screws.","authors":"Imad-Eddine Sahri,&nbsp;Zakaria Chandid Tlemcani,&nbsp;Sofia El Akroud,&nbsp;El Asri Abad Cherif,&nbsp;Miloudi Gazzaz","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1763523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1763523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study is to determine the accuracy and safety of trans-pedicular screws' insertion in the thoracolumbar spine using a fluoroscopy-assisted surgical technique. We retrospectively evaluated all patients who underwent a postoperative computed tomography scan to assess the location of the pedicular screws following thoracolumbar spinal surgery, at the Mohammed Vth Military Training Hospital-Rabat, from January 2020 to April 2022. We used Gertzbein's classification to grade pedicular cortex breaches. A screw penetration greater than 4 mm (grades D-E) was considered critical and one less than 4 mm was classified as noncritical (grades A-C). A total of 122 screws inserted in the T1 to L5 vertebrae were included from 25 patients. The average age was 46 years old. Pathologies included degenerative disorders (5 patients), tumors (8 patients), and trauma (12 patients). All screws were inserted using lateral and anteroposterior fluoroscopic guidance. A total of 11 transpedicular screws breaches were identified. The breaches incidence was significantly higher in thoracic pedicles (8 screws) than in lumbar pedicles (3 screws). Of these, three critical cases occurred in two patients and one of them required reintervention. The remaining eight exceedances were not critical and were closely monitored and followed up. Transpedicular screws fluoroscopy-assisted surgical fixation can be performed for the stabilization of the thoracolumbar spine with satisfactory safety and precision.</p>","PeriodicalId":8521,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Neurosurgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/37/2a/10-1055-s-0043-1763523.PMC10089733.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9304861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mucous Extractor for Tumor Tissue Sampling in Neurosurgery.","authors":"Jigish Ruparelia,&nbsp;Jaskaran Singh Gosal,&nbsp;Mayank Garg,&nbsp;Deepak Kumar Jha,&nbsp;Manbir Kaur,&nbsp;Kamlesh Kumari","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1761235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1761235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>  Collection of sample for histopathological analysis is highly important during any surgical procedure. The histopathology report helps determine the diagnosis, prognosis further management, and follow-up plan. The use of a reliable sample collection technique is doubly important in neurosurgical procedures because lesions are often deep-seated and difficult to access. <b>Materials and Methods</b>  Conventional techniques of sample collection, such as use of tumor-grasping forceps and collection of material from the ultrasonic aspirator device suffer from limitations of access and unreliability. We propose a novel technique of sample collection using readily available mucous aspirator device. <b>Results</b>  This device is economical, sterile, and disposable. It can be used even in low-resource settings because it is easily available. It can also be connected to suction cannula and the negative pressure settings can be adjusted as required. <b>Conclusion</b>  The use of this device for neurosurgical procedures has been tried in the transcranial and transnasal neurosurgical procedures and found to be effective. The sample collected in the canister of the mucous aspirator can be directly sent to the laboratory for histopathological analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8521,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Neurosurgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/25/1e/10-1055-s-0043-1761235.PMC10089749.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9359991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain Tumor: A Review of Its Demographic in a Rural Hospital of Sibu in Sarawak, Malaysia.","authors":"Yu Wei Heng,&nbsp;Kia Hooi Tan,&nbsp;Nelson Kok Bing Yap","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1760855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1760855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>According to World Health Organization's GLOBOCAN 2012 database, brain tumors account for about 2% of all cancers in Malaysia. It was ranked 11th and 13th most common cancer among males and females, respectively. This debilitating disease can cause a tremendous burden to patients and their families and healthcare services. The main objective of this study is to provide demographic data on the type of brain tumors and their distribution of age and gender from the cases presented to the neurosurgical department of a rural hospital in Sibu from 2018 to 2021. This is a retrospective study of the incidence and pattern of brain tumors admitted to the Neurosurgery Department in Sibu Hospital. Data were emanated from the brain tumor registry census from 2018 to 2021. Of all cases, only cases with confirmed histopathological results were included. Inoperable brain tumors that were diagnosed through radiological investigations were excluded. There were 230 patients with brain tumors included in this study. Males constituted 42.6% ( <i>n</i>  = 98) of the cases, whereas 57.4% ( <i>n</i>  = 132) of them were female. The brain tumor was the least common in the pediatric group (0 to 10 years old) with only 3.5% ( <i>n</i>  = 8). The incidence of brain tumors increased with age and reached its peak in the age group of 51 to 60 years (34.8%). The commonest type of brain tumor was meningioma (38.7%), followed by a metastatic brain tumor (25.2%) and glioma (15.6%). Meningothelial WHO grade I was the most common variant that accounted for 67% ( <i>n</i>  = 46) of all meningioma. Lung carcinoma was found to be the most common primary, accounting for more than half (69.0%) of the metastatic brain tumors, followed by breast cancer (10.3%), thyroid cancer (8.6%), female genital tract (8.6%), and malignant melanoma (3.5%). The crude incidence of the brain tumor in Sibu was 4.98 per 100,000 population/year. This study showed that the commonest brain tumor in central rural of Sarawak was meningioma, followed by metastatic brain tumor and glioma. Meningothelial is the most frequent subtype of meningioma, whereas lung carcinoma was the commonest primary in brain metastases. The peak age group was 51 to 60 years old, and females showed a higher incidence than males. This study provides a baseline profile of the brain tumor spectrum in rural Sarawak. More data should be collected to aid in future research and healthcare planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":8521,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Neurosurgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b8/4b/10-1055-s-0043-1760855.PMC10089728.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9359995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Illustrative Case of Vein of Labbe Thrombosis Presented as a Glioma.","authors":"Azad Malikov,&nbsp;Fatma Betul Saylak,&nbsp;Yavuz Ertugrul,&nbsp;Ozgur Ocal,&nbsp;Ergun Daglioglu","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1761236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1761236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cerebral vein thrombosis is a unique and rare type of cerebrovascular disease. The main challenge in identifying cerebral vein thrombosis is the presence of vague signs and symptoms that can resemble a variety of other intracranial pathologies. Our goal is to present the unique case of a young patient whose MRI scan revealed an abnormally enhancing tumor-like brain lesion that was heterogeneous in intensity and whose intraoperative view and histopathological findings were consistent with the vein of Labbe thrombosis, with ipsilateral transverse and sigmoid sinus involvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":8521,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Neurosurgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/88/ac/10-1055-s-0043-1761236.PMC10089761.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9660701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}