Manufacturing chemist and aerosol news最新文献

Manufacturing chemist and aerosol news Pub Date : 2020-02-13 DOI: 10.1002/047167849X.BIO033

J. Lynn

{"title":"DETERGENTS and detergency.","authors":"J. Lynn","doi":"10.1002/047167849X.BIO033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/047167849X.BIO033","url":null,"abstract":"The cleaning of a solid object, i.e., the removal of unwanted foreign matter from its surface, is done by methods ranging from simple mechanical separation such as blotting or abrasion to removal by solution or selective chemical action. The term detergency is limited to systems in which a liquid bath is present and is the main cleaning component of the system. The action of the bath involves more than simple solution or simple hydraulic dislodging of soil, although both will occur and contribute to the cleaning. The cleaning is enhanced primarily by the presence in the bath of a special solute, the surfactant, that alters interfacial effects at the various phase boundaries within the system. Thus, a typical detersive system consists of a solid object to be cleaned, called the substrate, soil or dirt attached to it that is to be removed in the washing process, and a liquid bath that is applied to the soiled substrate. In turn, each of these elements can vary widely in properties and composition. The final cleaning benefit results from interaction of these elements and the conditions used, i.e., temperature, time, mechanical energy input (agitation), and, in the case of aqueous baths, the presence of hardness ions in the water. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000In the cleaning or washing process in a typical detersive system, the soiled substrate is immersed in or brought into contact with a large excess of the bath liquor. Enough bath is used to provide a thick layer over the whole surface of the substrate. During this stage, air is displaced from soil and substrate surfaces; i.e., they are wetted by the bath. The system is subjected to mechanical agitation, either rubbing or shaking, which provides the necessary shearing action to separate the soil from substrate and disperse it in the bath. Agitation also promotes mass transfer in the system, just as in a heterogeneous chemical reaction. The bath carrying the removed soil is drained, wiped, squeezed, or otherwise removed from the substrate. The substrate is rinsed free of the remaining soiled bath. This rinsing step determines the final cleanliness of the substrate. The cleaned substrate is dried or otherwise finished. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000A meaningful discussion of detergency requires a definition of clean. In the physiochemical sense, a surface is clean if it contains no molecular species other than those in the interior of the two adjoining phases. It is difficult to achieve such a state even under the most exacting laboratory conditions. Practically, a surface is clean if it has been brought to a desired state with regard to foreign matter present upon it, as judged by agreed-upon criteria. Household linen, for example, is considered clean when it is free of visible soil even though it may carry a starch and a softening finish. In the dyehouse of a textile mill, a piece of goods such as this would be rejected as dirty and returned for scouring because these finishes interfere with dyeing. Most standards for cleanness involve a vis","PeriodicalId":85118,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing chemist and aerosol news","volume":"21 8 1","pages":"346-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46365814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Garlic. 蒜

Manufacturing chemist and aerosol news Pub Date : 2020-02-07 DOI: 10.32388/vzuyfv

J. Rae

{"title":"Garlic.","authors":"J. Rae","doi":"10.32388/vzuyfv","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/vzuyfv","url":null,"abstract":"Garlic has a long tradition as a food and as a medicinal plant. Therapeutic effects, routes of application and modes of preparation of garlic are very varied. In order to be able to assess which mode of preparation is suitable for which application, it is necessary to explain certain substance characteristics of garlic. The garlic bulb contains cysteine sulphoxides belonging to the secondary plant components. During the processing these compounds undergo a rapid enzymatic respectively non-enzymatic conversion. Depending on the mode of preparation, different substances with different effects can be found in the resulting products. Most of the data available on the chemopreventive and curative effects of garlic is based on the use of the freshly prepared garlic. Epidemiological studies prove that the risk for different malignant diseases, especially of the gastro-intestinal tract is significantly reduced by regular consumption of large amount of garlic. In numerous investigations it was possible to demonstrate different pharmacological properties, for some cysteine sulphoxides, like antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant activity. The antioxidant potential of garlic is of great interest in connection with the antiatherosclerotic and cardioprotective effects observed epidemiologically and clinically.","PeriodicalId":85118,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing chemist and aerosol news","volume":"22 6 1","pages":"221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47278835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antiseptics and Disinfectants 杀菌剂和消毒剂

Manufacturing chemist and aerosol news Pub Date : 2019-11-06 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40221-5_36-2

J. Lachapelle

引用次数: 1

PLANT and equipment. 厂房和设备。

Manufacturing chemist and aerosol news Pub Date : 2012-01-02 DOI: 10.1002/9781119204008.ch30

James P. Catty, Dita Vadron, Andrea R. Isom

引用次数: 0

PLANT and equipment. 厂房和设备。

Manufacturing chemist and aerosol news Pub Date : 2011-11-23 DOI: 10.1108/eb034907

Kevin M Gowdie

引用次数: 2

一時的放出(fugitive emissions)を防止する防止临时释放(fugitive emissions)

Manufacturing chemist and aerosol news Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/25.4.454

A. Michael, Ehlers Pete

{"title":"一時的放出(fugitive emissions)を防止する","authors":"A. Michael, Ehlers Pete","doi":"10.1093/annhyg/25.4.454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/25.4.454","url":null,"abstract":"Fugitive emissions in the United States have been estimated to account for upwards of 300,000 metric tonnes of industrial waste per year, making them responsible for one-third of the total organic compounds released by chemical and petrochemical plants.What's more, valves alone account for 50% of the loss in pipes and fittings. This situation is mirrored in Europe, and is likely much worse in other parts of the world where environmental standards and levels of policing are less stringent. Environmental devastation aside, petrochemical resources are becoming ever more valuable, and plants can no longer afford to operate wastefully. In addition to the visible cost of emissions, invisible costs include labor and material needed to repair leaks, wasted energy, low plant efficiency, environmental clean up and potential fines, loss of market share due to poor public perception, and, increasingly, claims due to personal injury. Industries worldwide are facing enormous pressure to establish programs that will help minimize potential harm to the environment. On the vanguard of industry regulations are two major standards, ISO15848-1 and API622, which were released in 2005 and 2006 respectively.The ISO15848-1 standard classifies valves into three tightness classes (A, B, C), with class A valves having the lowest leak rate.The API622 standard, on the other hand, classifies the packing arrangements used in the valve.","PeriodicalId":85118,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing chemist and aerosol news","volume":"1 1","pages":"43-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75874562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

PLANT and equipment. 厂房和设备。

Manufacturing chemist and aerosol news Pub Date : 2003-04-30 DOI: 10.1039/9781847551047-00086

R. Day, E. Rowland

引用次数: 7

Chips with everything 薯条配各种食物

Manufacturing chemist and aerosol news Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.1108/eb058972

T. Owen, M. Kuschel

引用次数: 0

VITAMIN B12; the anti-pernicious anaemia factor. 维生素B12;抗恶性贫血因子。

Manufacturing chemist and aerosol news Pub Date : 1977-02-01 DOI: 10.1108/EB058668

I. Sharman

引用次数: 0

CHEMOTHERAPY of cancer. 癌症的化疗。

Manufacturing chemist and aerosol news Pub Date : 1970-11-01 DOI: 10.1001/ARCHINTE.1970.00310110186038

R. Moser

引用次数: 0