Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science最新文献_第6页

Factors Influencing Walleye (Sander vitreus) Year Class Strength in the Upper Susquehanna River 影响上萨斯奎哈纳河(Upper Susquehanna River)河眼(Sander玻璃体)年级班级实力的因素

Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science Pub Date : 2014-03-01 DOI: 10.5325/jpennacadscie.88.1.0020

Robert T. Wnuk

引用次数: 0

Variability in Macroinvertebrate Communities of the Susquehanna River in Central Pennsylvania† 宾夕法尼亚州中部萨斯奎哈纳河大型无脊椎动物群落的变异

Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science Pub Date : 2014-03-01 DOI: 10.5325/jpennacadscie.88.1.0067

N. King, M. McTammany, Matthew J. Wilson, Jamie C Chakany, Haley N Coffin, M. Reilly

{"title":"Variability in Macroinvertebrate Communities of the Susquehanna River in Central Pennsylvania†","authors":"N. King, M. McTammany, Matthew J. Wilson, Jamie C Chakany, Haley N Coffin, M. Reilly","doi":"10.5325/jpennacadscie.88.1.0067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jpennacadscie.88.1.0067","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Aquatic habitats vary widely in physical, chemical, and biological factors that can directly influence macroinvertebrate communities. Large rivers are spatially heterogeneous ecosystems with habitats affected by proximity to river banks, channel morphology, tributary confluences and human activities. Yet, large rivers remain largely understudied and are generally sampled in easily accessible near-bank areas, leaving macroinvertebrate communities undocumented from deeper, faster flowing mid-channel habitats. Our goals were to document variability in macroinvertebrate community structure in the Susquehanna River and its two main tributaries, to determine the importance of upstream vs. local conditions, and to assess differences in near-bank vs. mid-channel sampling areas. We collected benthic macroinvertebrate samples in summer 2011 from the West Branch, North Branch, and mainstem Susquehanna River using rock baskets to standardize substrate effects across sites. We documented higher abundances of many genera in mid-channel sampling locations compared to near-bank locations but found no significant differences in taxa richness. Many taxa showed particular distribution patterns among river sites, but little correlation between upstream sampling locations and sites directly downstream. Therefore, our results indicate macroinvertebrate communities are primarily driven by the interaction of local habitat conditions.","PeriodicalId":85037,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70853892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Middle Creek Water Assessment Using Water Quality Index (WQI) 利用水质指数(WQI)评估中溪水

Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science Pub Date : 2014-03-01 DOI: 10.5325/jpennacadscie.88.1.0004

A. Lachhab, M. Beren, B. Zuidervliet

{"title":"Middle Creek Water Assessment Using Water Quality Index (WQI)","authors":"A. Lachhab, M. Beren, B. Zuidervliet","doi":"10.5325/jpennacadscie.88.1.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jpennacadscie.88.1.0004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Water quality Index (WQI) provides a single value to express overall quality of water which is calculated based on a number of measurable parameters. WQI was calculated based on 10 parameters that were determined during the period between June and July of 2012 and July of 2013 in an effort to assess the water quality of Middle Creek (MC) (Snyder, CO. PA). The Middle Creek (MC) is a 2nd order tributary stream flowing into Penn's Creek before joining the Susquehanna River. In this study, eleven sites were selected along MC between the head waters and its confluence with Penn's Creek. Physical properties were measured in the field, and grab-samples were tested for P, NO2−, NO3−, NH3, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS). The Composite WQI for all sites along MC was calculated to be 89.71, indicating that MC is in good condition regarding water quality and is capable of buffering nutrient and chemical runoff. Results have shown that certain parameters, such as temperature (T°), COD or BOD, can be used as proxies for predicting the WQI. Due to good correlation with WQI values, T°, COD or BOD can be used to assess water quality within a short period of time. In this study, T° and COD were found to give the best forecasting parameters, followed by BOD. The relationships found between WQI and these three parameters, allow for a simple test to provide an adequate assessment of the water quality of a given stream system.","PeriodicalId":85037,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70853821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Native Americans in the Susquehanna River Valley: An Archaeological Summary 萨斯奎哈纳河谷的美洲原住民:考古摘要

Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science Pub Date : 2014-03-01 DOI: 10.5325/jpennacadscie.88.1.0028

David J. Minderhout

{"title":"Native Americans in the Susquehanna River Valley: An Archaeological Summary","authors":"David J. Minderhout","doi":"10.5325/jpennacadscie.88.1.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jpennacadscie.88.1.0028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Native Americans have lived in the Susquehanna River Valley for at least 10,000 years. Archaeological research along the banks of the river has discovered a rich prehistory stretching from the Paleoindian era through the Archaic and Woodland periods up to and through early contact with Europeans. This paper summarizes the major environmental changes that affected the cultural evolution of Native Americans over this long time span and the technological innovations that occurred. Because the same areas in which Native Americans made their camps or villages have also been desirable areas for subsequent European settlement and industrial development, the archaeological record is incomplete and a number of questions remain unanswered and require additional research. Among them are the origins of various archaeological cultures; the size of native populations at in various time periods; and why agriculture/horticulture was so late in developing along the river. A brief discussion of Native American migrations and relocation in the Contact Period is included. Attention is also given to the emergence of organizations over the last two decades in the river basin which claim native descent.","PeriodicalId":85037,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70853562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bioaccumulation of Methylmercury in Neovison vison (Schreber, 1777) Populations of the Susquehanna River Valley 萨斯克汉纳河流域Neovison vison (Schreber, 1777)种群中甲基汞的生物积累

Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science Pub Date : 2014-03-01 DOI: 10.5325/jpennacadscie.88.1.0013

Matthew R. Brown, C. Iudica

{"title":"Bioaccumulation of Methylmercury in Neovison vison (Schreber, 1777) Populations of the Susquehanna River Valley","authors":"Matthew R. Brown, C. Iudica","doi":"10.5325/jpennacadscie.88.1.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jpennacadscie.88.1.0013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Being the longest non-navigable river on the eastern coast of the United States, the Susquehanna River and the surrounding areas support a vast number of plants, animals, and other organisms, creating a vast and complex food web within a large and biodiverse ecosystem. One of the most prominent and essential organisms within this food web is the American mink (Neovison vison). In recent years, studies have been conducted to determine the level of biomagnification of methylmercury in terrestrial organisms that reside at higher trophic levels. This particular study has found that American mink populations residing in the Susquehanna River Valley of Pennsylvania are reliable indicators of bioaccumulation of methylmercury due to their role as piscivorous carnivores residing at a high trophic level of the terrestrial food web. Analysis of methylmercury concentrations of 166 hair samples from collected mink specimens yielded 111 samples with concentrations in excess of the toxicity threshold of 1 mg kg-1 body weight. Furthermore, our data suggest that although mercury contamination is a global concern, geographical location of mercury producers, such as coal-burning power plants, and the relationship to the location of mink populations may be a large factor in bioaccumulation of mercury. In particular, samples taken from mink specimens within habitats in the northeastern region of Pennsylvania contained higher concentrations of methylmercury as well as a larger quantity of samples containing concentrations higher than the toxicity threshold than in samples from other regions of the state.","PeriodicalId":85037,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70853832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bioassessment of Benthic Macroinvertebrates of the Middle Penns Creek, Pennsylvania Watershed 宾夕法尼亚河中游底栖大型无脊椎动物的生物评价

Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science Pub Date : 2014-03-01 DOI: 10.5325/jpennacadscie.88.1.0057

J. Panas, J. Niles, Samuel Silknetter, M. Bilger

{"title":"Bioassessment of Benthic Macroinvertebrates of the Middle Penns Creek, Pennsylvania Watershed","authors":"J. Panas, J. Niles, Samuel Silknetter, M. Bilger","doi":"10.5325/jpennacadscie.88.1.0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jpennacadscie.88.1.0057","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 During October and November 2011, an assessment of the benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage was conducted in the middle Penns Creek (PA) watershed. The survey consisted of 10 tributary sites within a 40km portion of the watershed. The goals were to establish baseline conditions for headwater streams in this section of the watershed, determine their current biotic health, and suggest possible designated use upgrades. All sample sites were low-order (1–3) streams typically of higher gradient. We calculated the Pennsylvania Benthic Macroinvertebrate Index of Biotic Integrity at each site based on the following biotic indices: Beck's Index, Total Taxa Richness, EPT (Ephemeroptera + Plecoptera + Trichoptera) Taxa Richness (Pollution Tolerance Values 0–4), Shannon Diversity Index, Hilsenhoff Biotic Index, and Percent Sensitive Individuals (Pollution Tolerance Values 0–3) . All study streams are currently designated by Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PA DEP) as Cold Water Fish (1), High Quality (6), or Exceptional Value (3) streams. We found six streams to be of highest biotic quality (IBI score >80). Benthic macroinvertebrate IBI scores for Little Poe Creek (93.2) exceeded the current designated use of High Quality by PA DEP, and should be considered for a re-designated increase to Exceptional Value. In total, 10 pollution sensitive genera (Epeorus, Leuctra, Sweltsa, Tallaperla, Acroneuria, Pteronarcys, Agapetus, Dolophilodes, Wormaldia, and Diplectrona) were present across all study streams. Panther Run (51.9) received the lowest benthic macroinvertebrate IBI score, possibly due to low total organisms which may suggest it could be experiencing ecological stressors. Our overall results indicate these Penns Creek streams to currently be of good biotic health, however long-term monitoring may be necessary to further assess anthropogenic impacts within the watershed.","PeriodicalId":85037,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science","volume":"524 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70853809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Megasporogenesis and Megagametogenesis of Cardamine Parviflora L. (Brassicaceae) 十字花科Cardamine Parviflora L.的大孢子发生和大配子发生

Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.5325/jpennacadscie.87.3.0120

Robert Harvey, Bruce Smith

{"title":"Megasporogenesis and Megagametogenesis of Cardamine Parviflora L. (Brassicaceae)","authors":"Robert Harvey, Bruce Smith","doi":"10.5325/jpennacadscie.87.3.0120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jpennacadscie.87.3.0120","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cardamine parviflora, “small-flowered bittercress”, is a member of the Brassicaceae family. It is found throughout the eastern part of the United States and Canada. Flowering occurs from April through July. It has, as with all mustards, four separate sepals and four separate petals, six stamens, and one pistil with two united carpels. Each carpel has many ovules that start develop from the base of the ovary. Flowers were collected near Rocky Ridge County Park, York, PA and immediately fixed in FPA50. At least 24 h later collections were serially dehydrated to 100% ETOH, and placed in Herr clearing fluid. A Nikon SMZ-U dissecting microscope was used for ovule removal and an attached DSFi1 Nikon digital camera was used to capture the images. Ovules, on the Raj slides, were viewed using a Nikon Eclipse 80i microscope with phase contrast to determine developmental stages and the attached Nikon digital cameras DS-Ri1 was used for image capture. Images of all stages of megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis were saved. A few morphological features determined from this study include are, ovules are campyloptropous, bitegmic and show Polygonum Type megagametophytic development. Developmental features reported here are compared with previous studies of Arabidopsis thaliana L. and Draba verna L.","PeriodicalId":85037,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70853332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Pocono Environmental Education Center – Engaging Young Scientists, Sustainability in Action 波科诺环境教育中心-青年科学家参与，可持续发展行动

Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.5325/jpennacadscie.87.3.0116

J. Rosalsky

{"title":"The Pocono Environmental Education Center – Engaging Young Scientists, Sustainability in Action","authors":"J. Rosalsky","doi":"10.5325/jpennacadscie.87.3.0116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jpennacadscie.87.3.0116","url":null,"abstract":"Cardamine parviflora, “small-flowered bittercress”, is a member of the Brassicaceae family. It is found throughout the eastern part of the United States and Canada. Flowering occurs from April through July. It has, as with all mustards, four separate sepals and four separate petals, six stamens, and one pistil with two united carpels. Each carpel has many ovules that start develop from the base of the ovary. Flowers were collected near Rocky Ridge County Park, York, PA and immediately fixed in FPA50. At least 24 h later collections were serially dehydrated to 100% ETOH, and placed in Herr clearing fluid. A Nikon SMZ-U dissecting microscope was used for ovule removal and an attached DSFi1 Nikon digital camera was used to capture the images. Ovules, on the Raj slides, were viewed using a Nikon Eclipse 80i microscope with phase contrast to determine developmental stages and the attached Nikon digital cameras DS-Ri1 was used for image capture. Images of all stages of megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis were saved. A few morphological features determined from this study include are, ovules are campyloptropous, bitegmic and show Polygonum Type megagametophytic development. Developmental features reported here are compared with previous studies of Arabidopsis thaliana L. and Draba verna L. [ J PA Acad Sci 87(3): 120-124, 2013 ]","PeriodicalId":85037,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70853311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Invasive New Zealand Mud Snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) Grows Faster When Consuming Periphyton Compared to Detritus 入侵的新西兰泥蜗牛(Potamopyrgus antipodarum)在吃周围植物比吃碎屑时生长得更快

Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.5325/jpennacadscie.87.3.0125

Rachel H. Bilka, Levri Edward P.

{"title":"The Invasive New Zealand Mud Snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) Grows Faster When Consuming Periphyton Compared to Detritus","authors":"Rachel H. Bilka, Levri Edward P.","doi":"10.5325/jpennacadscie.87.3.0125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jpennacadscie.87.3.0125","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Diet can play an important role in invasion success. The New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) has invaded lakes and streams on four different continents. The snail has been established in the Laurentian Great Lakes since at least 1991 and has recently been discovered in stream habitats adjacent to the lakes. The purpose of this experiment was to examine the effect of a change in diet from a benthic diet of detritus to a diet dominated by periphyton on the growth rate of this snail. Juvenile snails were placed into one of four treatments: standard lab diet of Spirulina, benthic sediment (detritus), rocks with periphyton growth, or detritus and rocks with periphyton growth. The growth rate was determined after six weeks. The results demonstrated that diet greatly influences growth rate of P. antipodarum with a diet of periphyton resulting in the highest growth rate and a detritus diet resulting in the slowest rate. These results provide evidence that the movement of the snail into lotic waters where periphyton is in greater abundance in the Great Lakes region could result in faster individual and, possibly, population growth rates.","PeriodicalId":85037,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70853404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

A Survey of the Heavy Metals Present in the Soil of a Potential Urban Garden: A Service Learning Approach 潜在城市园林土壤重金属含量调查:服务学习方法

Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.5325/jpennacadscie.87.3.0129

Kyle Kessler, Seth Umbenhauer, Alison R. Noble

{"title":"A Survey of the Heavy Metals Present in the Soil of a Potential Urban Garden: A Service Learning Approach","authors":"Kyle Kessler, Seth Umbenhauer, Alison R. Noble","doi":"10.5325/jpennacadscie.87.3.0129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jpennacadscie.87.3.0129","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Eight soil samples were collected from a small urban land plot located at 1700 North Sixth Street Harrisburg, PA 17102 and the concentration of copper, nickel, zinc, and lead in existing soil was determined. The concentrations of these metals were compared to EPA standards to assess soil suitability for the development of a successful urban garden. Samples were prepared by acid digestion and then analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The concentration of copper was found to be 11 ± 4 mg/kg at the low end and 46 ± 25 mg/kg at the high end, nickel concentrations ranged from 11 ± 4 mg/kg to 20 ± 3 mg/kg, lead concentrations from 26 ± 1 mg/kg to 402+ mg/kg, and the zinc concentrations ranged from 30 ± 6 mg/kg to 216 ± 166 mg/kg. All concentrations, with the exception lead, were below the EPA recommended limits for heavy metals in home and vegetable gardens. This study also discusses the benefits of service learning for developing relationships between academic institutions and community partners as well as the role of Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) in urban areas.","PeriodicalId":85037,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70853536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1