Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Comparative experimental biology最新文献

{"title":"Editorial: Beyond the model organism","authors":"D. Poccia","doi":"10.1002/JEZ.A.296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/JEZ.A.296","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Comparative experimental biology","volume":"19 1","pages":"537-537"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76041911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology and escape performance of tiger salamander larvae (Ambystoma tigrinum mavortium).","authors":"Benjamin M Fitzpatrick,&nbsp;Michael F Benard,&nbsp;James A Fordyce","doi":"10.1002/jez.a.10254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.a.10254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability of an individual to escape predators is an important component of fitness. Several adaptive explanations of body shape variation in amphibians hypothesize relationships between swimming performance and morphology, but these ideas have rarely been tested. Here we investigate bivariate and multivariate relationships between natural variation in morphology and performance. We used high-speed video to examine fast-starts associated with escape responses in small tiger salamander larvae (Ambystoma tigrinum). Our results indicate that performance is influenced by interactions among aspects of morphology, physiology, and behavior. Relationships between morphometric variables and velocity could be detected with multivariate, but not bivariate statistical analyses. In particular, relationships between morphology and velocity depend on tail beat frequency (potentially a measure of effort or vigor). Relationships between morphology and acceleration were detected with bivariate analyses, but multivariate analysis suggests that acceleration performance, too, depends on interactions between morphology and tail beat frequency. We found a positive relationship between tail area and propulsive performance, which supports adaptive interpretations of variation in larval tail shape within and between amphibian species.</p>","PeriodicalId":84989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Comparative experimental biology","volume":"297 2","pages":"147-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jez.a.10254","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22552990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of ionomycin and thapsigargin on ion currents in oocytes of Bufo arenarum.","authors":"M Soledad Cavarra,&nbsp;Yanina A Assef,&nbsp;Basilio A Kotsias","doi":"10.1002/jez.a.10237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.a.10237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, two electrode voltage clamp technique was used to assess the ionic current of oocytes of the South American toad Bufo arenarum and to study the dependence of these currents on the extracellular and intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. Ca2+ chelators, ionomycin -a calcium ionophore- and thapsigargin, a blocker of the Ca2+ pump of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, were used. The main results were the following: Most oocytes showed a voltage activated rectifying conductance. Ionomycin (1 microM) increased inward and outward currents in control solution. The effect of ionomycin was blocked partially at negative potentials and was blocked completely at positive potentials in absence of extracellular Ca2+. When the oocytes were treated with thapsigargin (2 microM) or BAPTA-am, a membrane-permeant intracellular chelator in control solution (10 microM), ionomycin did not increased either inward nor outward currents. The conclusion of our experiments is that there are two sources of Ca2+ for activation of the current induced by ionomycin, the cytoplasmic stores and the extracellular space. We believe ionomycin directly translocates Ca2+ from the SER into the cytoplasm but not from the extracellular medium. Ca2+ entry probably occurs through store-operated-Ca-channels.</p>","PeriodicalId":84989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Comparative experimental biology","volume":"297 2","pages":"130-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jez.a.10237","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22552988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stage-dependent effects of 20-hydroxyecdysone on DNA synthesis of corpus allatum cells in the silkworm, Bombyx mori.","authors":"Shi-Hong Gu,&nbsp;Yien-Shing Chow","doi":"10.1002/jez.a.10231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.a.10231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>DNA synthesis in cells of the corpus allata (CA) of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, was studied immunocytochemically after in vivo labeling with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU); developmental changes during the 3rd, 4th, and last larval instars and effects of 20-hydroxyecdysone treatment were examined. During both the 3rd and 4th larval instars, the number of DNA-synthesizing cells fluctuated, and relatively low levels were observed during the middle stages. On day 0 of the last larval instar, the number of DNA-synthesizing cells per gland was 9.2, which then increased on day 1 and remained at levels ranging from 12.9 and 16.9 cells per gland. A major peak level (28 BrdU-labeled cells per gland) occurred on day 8, two days after larvae entered the wandering stage. When last instar larvae were fed 20-hydroxyecdysone-supplemented mulberry leaves starting on day 0 or 1, the number of DNA-synthesizing cells dramatically decreased to very low levels and these low levels were maintained throughout the remainder of the instar. However, no effect was observed when last instar larvae were fed 20-hydroxyecdysone-supplemented mulberry leaves starting on day 3, indicating the stage-specific action of 20-hydroxyecdysone. The mechanism by which 20-hydroxyecdysone treatment inhibits DNA synthesis of CA cells was further examined by using continuous in vitro BrdU labeling for a 2-day incubation. It was found that the decrease in responsiveness of DNA synthesis of CA cells of 20-hydroxyecdysone-treated larvae to stimulation by growth factors from hemolymph may have been, at least in part, responsible for the indirect inhibitory effects of 20-hydroxyecdysone.</p>","PeriodicalId":84989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Comparative experimental biology","volume":"297 2","pages":"138-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jez.a.10231","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22552989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melatonin enhances the sensitivity of circadian pacemakers to light in the nocturnal field mouse Mus booduga.","authors":"Vijay Kumar Sharma,&nbsp;R Chidambaram,&nbsp;A Kasin Yadunandam","doi":"10.1002/jez.a.10265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.a.10265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect of exogenous melatonin (1 mg/kg) on light pulse (LP) induced phase shifts of the circadian locomotor activity rhythm was studied in the nocturnal field mouse Mus booduga. Three phase response curves (PRCs: LP, control, and experimental) were constructed to study the effect of co-administration of light and melatonin at various circadian times (CTs). The LP PRC was constructed by exposing animals free-running in constant darkness (DD) to LPs of 100-lux intensity and 15-min duration, at various CTs. The control and experimental PRCs were constructed by using a single injection of either 50% DMSO or melatonin (1 mg/kg dissolved in 50% DMSO), respectively, administered 5 min before LPs, to animals free-running in DD. A single dose of melatonin significantly modified the waveform of the LP PRC. The experimental PRC had significantly larger areas under advance and delay regions of the PRC compared to the control PRC. This was also confirmed when the phase shifts obtained at various CTs were compared between the three PRCs. The phase delays at three phases (CT12, CT14, and CT16) of the experimental PRCs were significantly greater than those of the control and the LP PRCs. Based on these results we conclude that phase shifting effects of melatonin and light add up to produce larger responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":84989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Comparative experimental biology","volume":"297 2","pages":"160-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jez.a.10265","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22552991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histological process and dynamics of germ cell degeneration in pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis larvae and juveniles during exposure to warm water.","authors":"L. S. Itó, M. Yamashita, C. A. Strüssmann","doi":"10.1002/JEZ.A.10249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/JEZ.A.10249","url":null,"abstract":"Elevated temperature causes degeneration and disappearance of the germ cells in the males of scrotal mammals. It was recently shown that heat-induced germ cell degeneration occurs also in fish but, unlike in mammals, it occurs not only in males but also in females. The purpose of this study was to clarify the histological process and dynamics of heat-induced germ cell disappearance in pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis larvae and juveniles. Monosex and mixed-sex fish produced by thermal manipulation of sex (temperature-dependent sex determination) were subjected to 29 degrees C for periods between 1 and 12 weeks, and used to analyze, by histological methods, the changes in gonadal size and the number of normal and degenerating germ cells. Groups exposed to 29 degrees C for 8-12 weeks were subsequently transferred to 24 degrees C to verify if any gonadal damage would be permanent. Germ cell degeneration, histologically characterized by nuclear pyknosis or eosinophilia and cytoplasmic eosinophilia, was observed with increasing frequency at higher temperatures (29>24> 17 degrees C) and more in males than in females. Clear degenerative changes in the germinal epithelium usually began within one week of exposure to 29 degrees C and appeared clearer in females than in males. Complete loss of germ cells was observed only in individuals exposed for periods of 8-12 weeks to 29 degrees C but no treatment produced 100% sterile fish. Germ cells that remained in the gonads after exposure to 29 degrees C retained the capacity to rapidly recolonize germ cell-depleted areas, suggesting that the associated somatic cells in the gonads are little or not affected by this temperature.","PeriodicalId":84989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Comparative experimental biology","volume":"39 1","pages":"169-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78998573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presence of putative histidine-rich proteins in the amphibian epidermis.","authors":"Lorenzo Alibardi,&nbsp;Enzo Spisni,&nbsp;Mattia Toni","doi":"10.1002/jez.a.10232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.a.10232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In amphibian epidermis mucus is thought to constitute the matrix material that links keratin filaments present in cells of the corneous layer. As contrast in mammals, and perhaps in all amniotes, histidine-rich proteins form the matrix material. In order to address the study of matrix molecules in the epidermis of the first tetrapods, the amphibians, an autoradiographic and electrophoretic study has been done after administration of tritiated histidine. Histological analysis of amphibian epidermis shows that histidine is taken up in the upper intermediate and replacement layers beneath the corneous layer. Ultrastructural autoradiographic analysis reveals that electron-dense interkeratin material is labeled after administration of tritiated histidine. Electrophoretic analysis of the epidermis shows labeled proteic bands at 58-61, 50-55, 40-45, and some only weakly labeled at 30 and 24-25 kDa at 4-48 hours after injection of tritiated histidine. Keratin markers show that bands at 40-61 kDa contain keratins. Most histidine is probably converted into other amino acids such as glutamate and glutamine that are incorporated into newly synthetized keratins. However, non-keratin histidine-incorporating proteins within the keratin range could also be formed. The bands at 30 and 24-25 kDa suggest that these putative histidine-rich proteins are not keratins. In fact, their molecular weigh is below the range of that for keratins. In contrast with the mammalian condition, but resembling reports for lizard epidermis, putative histidine-rich proteins in amphibians have no high molecular weight precursor. Although filaggrin is not detectable by immunofluorescence in sections of amphibian epidermis, protein extraction, electrophoresis and immunoblotting are more sensitive. In the epidermis of toad and frog, but only occasionally in that of newt, filaggrin cross-reactive proteic bands are seen at 50-55, 40-45, and sometimes at 25 kDa. This suggests that after extraction and unmasking of reactive sites in the epidermis of more terrestrial amphians (anurans), some HRPs with filaggrin-like cross-reactivity are present. The overlap that exists at 50-55 kDa between filaggrin-positive and AE2-positive keratins, but not that at 40-45 kDa further indicate that non-keratin, filaggrin-like proteins may be present in anuran epidermis. The present study suggests for the first time that very small amounts of histidine-rich proteins are produced among keratin filaments in upper intermediate, replacement and corneous layers of amphibian epidermis. Although the molecular composition of these proteins is unknown, precluding understanding of their relationship to those of mammals and reptiles, these cationic proteins might have originated in conjunction with the formation of a horny layer during the adaptation to land during the Carboniferous and were possibly refined later in the epidermis of amniotes.</p>","PeriodicalId":84989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Comparative experimental biology","volume":"297 2","pages":"105-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jez.a.10232","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22552986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular cloning of zebrafish (Danio rerio) MutS homolog 6(MSH6) and noncoordinate expression of MSH6 gene activity and G-T mismatch binding proteins in zebrafish larvae.","authors":"Fu-Lung Yeh,&nbsp;Hwei-Ling Yan,&nbsp;Shi-Ya Wang,&nbsp;Ting-Yi Jung,&nbsp;Todd Hsu","doi":"10.1002/jez.a.10236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.a.10236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eukaryotic MutS homolog 6(MSH6) is a DNA mismatch recognition protein associated with mismatch repair of simple base-base mispairs and small insertion-deletion loops. As replication or recombination errors generated during embryonic development of living organisms should be efficiently corrected to maintain the integrity of genetic materials, we attempted to study MSH6 gene expression in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) and the influence of MSH6 expression on the production of mismatch binding factors. A full-length cDNA encoding zebrafish MSH6 (zMSH6) was first obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The deduced amino acid sequence of zMSH6 shares 57% and 56% identity with human and mouse MSH6, respectively. The 190-kDa recombinant zMSH6 containing 1,369 amino acids bound preferentially to a heteroduplex than to a homoduplex DNA. Northern blot and semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis detected apparent levels of zMSH6 mRNA expression in 12 and 36-hr-old zebrafish embryos, while this expression in 84-hr-old larvae was dramatically reduced to 23% of that in 12-hr-old embryos when beta-actin mRNA was constitutively synthesized. Incubation of G-T and G-G heteroduplex probes with 12 to 60-hr-old zebrafish extracts produced predominantly high-shifting binding complexes with very similar band intensity. Although low in zMSH6 mRNA production, the extracts of 84-hr-old larvae interacted significantly stronger than the embryonic extracts with both G-T and G-G mispairs, producing high and low-shifting complexes. Heteroduplex-recognition proteins in 108-hr-old larvae gave a similar pattern of mismatch binding. The intensities of G-T complexes produced by 84 and 108-hr-old zebrafish extracts were 2.5 to 3-fold higher than those of G-G complexes. Our data indicate that the production of efficient MSH6-independent binding factors, particularly G-T-specific recognition proteins, is upregulated in zebrafish at the larval stage when MSH6 gene activity is downregulated.</p>","PeriodicalId":84989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Comparative experimental biology","volume":"297 2","pages":"118-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jez.a.10236","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22552987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detailed lipid analysis of yolk platelets of amphibian (Bufo arenarum) oocytes.","authors":"Jorgelina Buschiazzo,&nbsp;Ariana Bruzzone,&nbsp;Telma Susana Alonso","doi":"10.1002/jez.a.10252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.a.10252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Yolk platelets, the principal components of amphibian oocytes, have been generally considered as material reservoirs. Their biochemical composition and function during oogenesis and early development have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to carry out a lipidic characterization of yolk platelets from full-grown Bufo arenarum oocytes. Ovarian oocytes were manually obtained and the subcellular fraction was isolated by centrifugation at low velocity. Lipids were separated by thin-layer chromatography. For compositional analysis, they were derived by methanolysis, being identified and quantified in a gas-liquid chromatograph. Phospholipid content indicates that phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine are the main phospholipids followed by phosphatidylinositol, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidic acid. Phospholipidic profile is similar to that in whole oocytes except for the absence of diphosphatidylglycerol in yolk platelets. Oleic, palmitic, and linoleic acids are the main fatty acids in phosphatidylcholine, and oleic acid is the principal one in phosphatidylethanolamine. In phosphatidic acid, palmitic, estearic, palmitoleic, and oleic acids represent 68 mol% of the total acyl groups. Phosphatidylinositol, enriched in arachidonic acid, is the most unsaturated phospholipid while sphingomyelin shows the lowest unsaturation index. The acyl group distribution in triacylglycerols is similar when yolk platelets and whole oocytes are compared. Polar and neutral lipids of yolk platelets determine the lipidic profile of the whole oocyte. The presence of unusual fatty acids as 14:0, 15:0, 15:1, 17:0, and 17:1 in phospholipids and triacylglycerols may indicate an oxidation mechanism different from beta-oxidation in yolk platelets and/or a structural and functional relation with mitochondria. Given that yolk platelets in amphibian oocytes may act in a dynamic fashion in development, their role should be reconsidered.</p>","PeriodicalId":84989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Comparative experimental biology","volume":"297 2","pages":"189-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/jez.a.10252","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22552399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histological process and dynamics of germ cell degeneration in pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis larvae and juveniles during exposure to warm water.","authors":"Lauro Satoru Ito,&nbsp;Michiaki Yamashita,&nbsp;Carlos Augusto Strüssmann","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elevated temperature causes degeneration and disappearance of the germ cells in the males of scrotal mammals. It was recently shown that heat-induced germ cell degeneration occurs also in fish but, unlike in mammals, it occurs not only in males but also in females. The purpose of this study was to clarify the histological process and dynamics of heat-induced germ cell disappearance in pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis larvae and juveniles. Monosex and mixed-sex fish produced by thermal manipulation of sex (temperature-dependent sex determination) were subjected to 29 degrees C for periods between 1 and 12 weeks, and used to analyze, by histological methods, the changes in gonadal size and the number of normal and degenerating germ cells. Groups exposed to 29 degrees C for 8-12 weeks were subsequently transferred to 24 degrees C to verify if any gonadal damage would be permanent. Germ cell degeneration, histologically characterized by nuclear pyknosis or eosinophilia and cytoplasmic eosinophilia, was observed with increasing frequency at higher temperatures (29>24> 17 degrees C) and more in males than in females. Clear degenerative changes in the germinal epithelium usually began within one week of exposure to 29 degrees C and appeared clearer in females than in males. Complete loss of germ cells was observed only in individuals exposed for periods of 8-12 weeks to 29 degrees C but no treatment produced 100% sterile fish. Germ cells that remained in the gonads after exposure to 29 degrees C retained the capacity to rapidly recolonize germ cell-depleted areas, suggesting that the associated somatic cells in the gonads are little or not affected by this temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":84989,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Comparative experimental biology","volume":"297 2","pages":"169-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22552992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}