Indian journal of environmental health最新文献

{"title":"Leaching behaviour of coal-ash: a case study.","authors":"M R Hajarnavis,&nbsp;A D Bhide","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leaching of trace elements from fly ash dumps to subsoil layer due to the rain water results in contamination of ground water. The ground water pollution due to fly ash deposition on land so occurring was assessed by simulating the disposal site conditions using two lysimeter with two different soils. Leachate was collected and analysed daily to help understand the phenomenon of leaching of fly-ash constituents in the environment. The trace metals and physico-chemical parameters of fly ash and soil used were measured before and after the experiment. Results of analysis of soil and fly ash samples were then compared with the results of lysimeter-I and lysimeter-II. The study reveals that metals respond differently at dumping site while reacting with soil and water.</p>","PeriodicalId":84892,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of environmental health","volume":"45 4","pages":"293-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24797821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption of nickel on flyash in natural and acid treated forms.","authors":"S Kalyani,&nbsp;J Ajitha Priya,&nbsp;P Srinivasa Rao,&nbsp;A Krishnaiah","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies on removal of Ni2+ by adsorption on flyash and acid treated flyash have been carried out at room temperature (30+/-1 degrees C). The adsorption isotherm of Ni2+ on flyash and acid treated flyash was obtained in a batch reactor. Various parameters such as pH, initial concentration of adsorbate and adsorbent dose were studied. The experimental adsorption data fitted reasonably well to Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich - Peterson isotherms for both the adsorbents. The adsorption follows Lagergren first order kinetic model. The monolayer adsorption model are found to be 41.7 and 62.9 mg/g respectively. Acid treated flyash has been observed to have greater adsorptive capacity than flyash in natural form.</p>","PeriodicalId":84892,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of environmental health","volume":"45 3","pages":"163-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24640749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of dark green PLS dye from textile industrial waste through low cost carbons.","authors":"G Rajavel,&nbsp;C Anathanarayanan,&nbsp;L D Prabhakar,&nbsp;C Palanivel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low cost carbons were prepared from Palm nut shells, Cashew nut shells and Broom sticks by Sulphuric acid process and characterised. The activities of these carbons (PNSC, CNSC and BSC) were compared with that of high cost Commercial activated carbon (CAC). The effect of pH, time, carbon dose were examined along with isotherm studies. The application of these carbons were examined on colour removal of Dark green PLS from both effluent samples and synthetic samples. Comparison is made among the carbons for adsorption of the dye. Desorption studies were also carried out along with BDST studies. Mathematical equations have been designed for the wide range of applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":84892,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of environmental health","volume":"45 3","pages":"195-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24640753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA) and malachite green: a new reagent system for the microdetermination of phosphate in water and wastewater.","authors":"Kaman Singh,&nbsp;A K Shukla","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A selective and sensitive method is described for the microdetermination of phosphate in water and wastewater employing a new reagent system. The method is based on the reaction between ammonium molybdate, PVA (stabilizer) and malachite green (lambdamax 600nm). Beer's law is obeyed up to 10ppm. The use of PVA as a substitute for Tween 20 makes more soluble the malachite green-phosphomolybdic acid complex; it becomes more sensitive and less of reagents are needed to obtain the same sensitivity as when Tween 20 is used as a stabilizer. It offers advantages like reliability, non-interference by silicates and reproducible in addition to its simplicity, instant colour development and allows economy in reagents such as ammonium molybdate and malachite green. It's cost is less than half of the Tween 20 method. This method is more suited for the measurements for the range of 0.01 to 10 mg p/L.</p>","PeriodicalId":84892,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of environmental health","volume":"45 3","pages":"203-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24640621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wastewater quality status of the Tally nulla in Calcutta.","authors":"T Saha,&nbsp;P B Ghose,&nbsp;C C Mandal,&nbsp;T S Bandyopadhaya","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study of the Tally nulla wastewater system showed that the entire canal system is completely anoxic and unsuitable for sustaining aquatic life. Color and odor have exceeded the threshold limit. Tidal exchange is seemed to take place only up to six km. from the confluence zone of the river hooghly. Beyond this, comparatively higher ionic load in the water mass is encountered in both seasons. The fresh water during rainy season decreases the chemical load by dilution along with an increase in bacterial populations in the system indicating significant contamination with disease causing bacteria and pollution with excreta. This may become environmental hazards of the public health in course of any type of interaction with the waste water.</p>","PeriodicalId":84892,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of environmental health","volume":"45 3","pages":"221-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24640624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in air quality of national capital territory of Delhi.","authors":"Indrani Gupta","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A set of time series analysis methods viz; regression on deseasonalized data, seasonal regression and regression with weighted least squares technique is suggested to identify the trend in mean monthly ambient air quality data and applied to the case of National Capital Territory of Delhi. The analysis reveals that out of 9 monitored sites NO2 and SO2 increased at 6 sites and SPM level increased at 4 sites. Spatial interpolation using inverse distance square technique was carried out to plot the ambient air quality contours for the years 1990 and 1994 to explain the changes in regional ambient air quality characteristics over the four</p>","PeriodicalId":84892,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of environmental health","volume":"45 3","pages":"169-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24640750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of water for drinking and agriculture in and around a mines in Keonjhar District, Orissa.","authors":"P C Mishra,&nbsp;K C Pradhan,&nbsp;R K Patel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For optimum utilization of water resources, it is necessary to know both the quantity as well as quality of water. This paper describes the assessment of the quality of water of a mining area in the Keonjhar district of Orissa for drinking and agricultural purpose. The water quality for drinking purposes and for agricultural purposes was found to be suitable, however to give the final conclusion it requires the study of biological parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":84892,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of environmental health","volume":"45 3","pages":"213-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24640623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of some treatments for improving the composting of municipal solid waste.","authors":"S Babyranidevi,&nbsp;R V Bhoyar","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During composting limited degradation of organic matter occurs due to the influence of various factors such as presence of lignin, resistant nature of cellulose, high temperature, etc. During windrow composting, temperature within the waste mass rises and limitation in degradability of organic matter, studies on composting in temperature range of 45-60 degrees C were carried out. With a view to observe the effect of pretreatment for improving composting, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) was subjected to alkali treatment using lime, and ammonia gas circulation in the waste mass. In practice aerobic condition within the windrow is ensured by turning/mixing the waste 5-6 times during the composting period. In the present study to find out the extent of aerobic condition, the waste mass was composted in the masony brick tank which was provided with honeycomb opening from all the sides. Similarly composting was also carried out on perforated false bottom. Various parameters such as fermentable organic substance (FOS), carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio and temperature were monitored for the waste mass undergoing composting. The study reveals that experiments with aeration from bottom as well as surface followed by alkaline treatment give better composting performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":84892,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of environmental health","volume":"45 3","pages":"231-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24640626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary function study in the identified critically polluted areas of Talcher (Orissa).","authors":"B P Chattopadhya,&nbsp;H N Saiyed,&nbsp;S Jane Alam","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Angul-Talcher area of Orissa is an industrial complex of diversities of industries, which released large number of pollutants into the environment causing environmental pollution and affect the community people as well as the workers working there. Considering the magnitude of the problem pulmonary function study had been carried out in to the community people of this polluted area. The pulmonary function tests (PFT) were carried out in 1099 male and 1072 female subjects except the children below the age of 10 years. Vital capacity (VC) and Forced vital capacity (FVC) were recorded in standing posture. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and its percentage (FEV1%) were calculated. The PFT results indicated that in male and female subjects of 10-19 year age group the FVC values were significantly lowered in exposed villagers in comparison to control subjects. In all other age ranges some of the differences have been found to be significant at various levels. The mean values of FVC and FEV1 were higher in control villagers of most of the age groups than that of the exposed villagers PFT values were also presented according to smoking habit. Restrictive type of PFT impairment were noticed more. The male villagers of Gurjunguli showed the maximum - 40.9% followed by Digghi-39.1%, Kulad-35%, Tentuli- 23.4%, Bonda - 16.3%, Gadarkhai-15.4% and Balanda-13.5%. In females the sequence of having higher incidence rate of restrictive diseases were Digghi-37.0%, Tentuli-29.0%, Gurjunguli-25.3%, Kulad - 21.5%, Gadarkhai - 15.3%, Balanda - 15.3% and Bonda - 13.7%. In control village restrictive impairment were 10.7% in male and 7.4% in females. Obstructive types of impairments are comparatively less than restrictive type of impairments. Control male and female subjects had 7.1% and 5.7% of obstructive impairments and they are mostly belonged to higher age groups. In exposed villages obstructive impairments were found in Godarkhai - 6.4%, Kulad - 5.0%, Digghi - 4.2%, Tentuli - 2.6% and Balanda - 1.8% in males and the corresponding figures 5.0%, Digghi - 4.2%, Tentuli - 2.6% and Balanda - 1.8% in males and the corresponding figures in the females were Gadarkhai - 3.0%, Kulad - 2.6%, Digghi - 3.7% Tentuli - 3.0%) and Balanda - 4.0% respectively. The combined types of impairments were more in exposed subjects and they were belonged to higher age groups. The higher prevalence's might be due to the pollution effects of industries situated in and around the concerned villages. Categorically mild type of obstructive impairments was more in control subjects and they belonged to 50 and above year's age group. It is well known that the higher age accounted for lowering PFT values, which might be in the form of mild obstruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":84892,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of environmental health","volume":"45 3","pages":"235-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24640627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of holding time and temperature on bacterial counts.","authors":"M Mansoor Ahammed","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Water samples of different pollution levels were collected from four different sources, viz., a canal, an open dug well, a deep tube well, and a drinking water tap, stored at refrigerator (4-5 degrees C) and ambient (28-30 degrees C) temperatures, and analysed at 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours in order to find the effect of holding time and temperature on bacterial counts. The samples were analysed for total coliforms and for heterotrophic plate counts (HPC). Results of the study indicate significant reduction in the coliform counts in all the water samples tested at both ambient and refrigerator temperatures. However, the rate of decline was much less in refrigerated samples compared to that in samples stored at ambient temperature. Further, the rate of decline was dependent on the source of water. After 48 hours of storage at ambient temperature, canal water samples showed the sharpest decline of 82% in coliform counts, and water samples from open dug well showed the least decline of 51%. While HPCs of the samples held at refrigerator temperature did not show significant changes with time, those samples held at ambient temperature increased upon storage. Up to 12 hours of storage, there was no significant changes in bacterial counts in any type of water at both the temperatures, which suggests that water samples can be stored at ambient temperatures for 12 hours without significantly affecting the coliform counts.</p>","PeriodicalId":84892,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of environmental health","volume":"45 3","pages":"209-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24640622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}